--- title: "Bullinger" description: "men . Hebrew." image: "/images/missing.jpg" url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/1-samuel/28" --- **men** . Hebrew. *'. enosh.* App-14 . **Surely** = Therefore; which Achish repeats in his reply. **keeper of mine head** : i.e. captain of my body-guard. **in Ramah** , &c. Hebrew "in Ramah and in his own city". Figure of speech *Hendiadys* ( App-6 ) = in his own city, Ramah. **had familiar spirits** . Familiar spirits are demons pretending to be dead persons; hence the word "necromancy". See notes on [Leviticus 19:31](../../../kjv/leviticus/19/31) and [Isaiah 8:19](../../../kjv/isaiah/8/19) . **wizards** = wise, cunning, or knowing ones. **enquired** = asked. Hebrew. *sha'al,* to ask. Not darash, "to seek out". See note on [1 Samuel 28:7](../../../kjv/1-samuel/28/7) , and 1Ch 10:13 , [1 Chronicles 10:14](../../../kjv/1-chronicles/10/14) . **the LORD** . Hebrew. *Jehovah* . App-4 . **answered him not** . Not likely therefore to answer now by a way He had forbidden. Samuel had been dead two years. **Urim.** See note on [Exodus 28:30](../../../kjv/exodus/28/30) . [Numbers 26:55](../../../kjv/numbers/26/55) . It must have been an ephod of his own making, as Abiathar the High Priest was with David. Saul makes no mention of this in [1 Samuel 28:13](../../../kjv/1-samuel/28/13) . **a woman** . Answering to the modern "mediums". **hath** = owneth, possesses as mistress. See note on [Leviticus 19:31](../../../kjv/leviticus/19/31) . **enquire** = seek out. Hebrew. *darash, a* deeper meaning than [1 Samuel 28:6](../../../kjv/1-samuel/28/6) . See note above. Compare [1 Chronicles 10:13](../../../kjv/1-chronicles/10/13) , [1 Chronicles 10:14](../../../kjv/1-chronicles/10/14) . **Behold.** Figure of speech *Asterismos.* App-6 . **by the familiar spirit** . Hence called necromancy. **life** = soul. Hebrew. *nephesh.* App-13 . **up** . Note: not down, or forth. Compare [1 Samuel 28:13](../../../kjv/1-samuel/28/13) . **saw Samuel** . Or, the materialisation of a deceiving spirit personating Samuel, as is done by "mediums" to-day. **she cried** , &c. Evidently surprised, and getting more than she expected. **thou art Saul** . How should she know this but by a communication from the spirit. **gods** . Plural of *Elohim.* Either "a god "or a spirit manifestation. **out of the earth** . Not down, or forth, as in [John 11:43](../../../kjv/john/11/43) , [John 11:44](../../../kjv/john/11/44) . **man.** Hebrew. *'ish.* App-14 . Not a spirit. mantle. If a spirit, why a mantle? Samuel's spirit was with God ([Ecclesiastes 12:7](../../../kjv/ecclesiastes/12/7) ). And if Samuel's body, it would be with "grave-clothes" ([John 11:44](../../../kjv/john/11/44) ). **perceived** = understood: i.e. from what the medium said. He *saw* nothing. **stooped** = did obeisance. **Samuel said** : i.e. the spirit personating Samuel said. Just as it is done in the present day by the medium: never directly. **disquieted** . If Samuel, then it shows he was "quiet" before. **me** . Not my spirit. **God.** Hebrew. *Elohim* . App-4 . **no more** . Therefore certainly not by means which He had expressly forbidden. See [Leviticus 19:31](../../../kjv/leviticus/19/31) ; [Leviticus 20:6](../../../kjv/leviticus/20/6) , [Leviticus 20:27](../../../kjv/leviticus/20/27) . [Deuteronomy 18:10](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/18/10) , [Deuteronomy 18:13](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/18/13) , &c. **by prophets** . Saul omits the reference to "Urim" because it would remind him of the murder of the priests ([1 Samuel 22:18](../../../kjv/1-samuel/22/18) , [1 Samuel 22:19](../../../kjv/1-samuel/22/19) ). See note on [1 Samuel 28:6](../../../kjv/1-samuel/28/6) . **Then said Samuel** . Jehovah might have sent "a lying spirit", and given by it a true message, just as He did in [2 Chronicles 18:19-22](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/18/19-22) . Nothing was said but what was well known before. **become thine enemy** . The Septuagint reads "and hath come to be with thy neighbour". Compare [1 Samuel 28:17](../../../kjv/1-samuel/28/17) with [1 Samuel 15:28](../../../kjv/1-samuel/15/28) . **as** = according as. **by me** = by my hand. **obeyedst not** = hearkenedst not to. **wrath** . Put by Figure of speech *Metonymy* (of Cause), App-6 , for the judgment in consequence of it. **with me** : i.e. with the dead. **fell straightway** = remained motionless. Compare [Acts 9:7](../../../kjv/acts/9/7) , where "stood. **speechless** = remained speechless. See [Acts 26:14](../../../kjv/acts/26/14) . The two passages **together** = fell, and remained so. **bread** = food. Figure of speech *Synecdoche* (of Species). App-6 . **Behold** . Figure of speech *Asterismos.* App-6 . **house** = shed. ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/#website","url":"https://realbiblebelievers.com","name":"Real Bible Believers","description":"RBB","publisher":{"@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/#/schema/person/e966585dde703268e7f6ae890ea98509"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/search?q={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/1-samuel/28#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/images/missing.jpg","contentUrl":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/images/missing.jpg","width":640,"height":370,"caption":"Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - 1 Samuel 28"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/1-samuel/28#webpage","url":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/1-samuel/28","name":"Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes - 1 Samuel 28","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/1-samuel/28#primaryimage"},"datePublished":null,"dateModified":null,"author":{"@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/#/schema/person/e966585dde703268e7f6ae890ea98509"},"description":"men . Hebrew. '. enosh. App-14 . Surely = Therefore; which Achish repeats in his reply. keeper of mine head : i.e. captain of my body-guard. in Ramah","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/1-samuel/28#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/1-samuel/28"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/1-samuel/28#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/","url":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries","url":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries","name":"Commentaries"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes","url":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes","name":"Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/1-samuel","url":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/1-samuel","name":"1 Samuel"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/1-samuel/28","url":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/1-samuel/28","name":"28"}}]},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/#/schema/person/e966585dde703268e7f6ae890ea98509","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/#personlogo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/android-chrome-512x512.png","contentUrl":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/android-chrome-512x512.png","width":512,"height":512},"logo":{"@id":"https://realbiblebelievers.com/#personlogo"},"sameAs":["https://twitter.com/RBiblebeliever","https://www.facebook.com/RBibleBelievers"]}]} ```