---
title: "Bullinger"
description: "the LORD. Hebrew.  Jehovah. App-4 .  prophets. Some codices read \"Levites\", as in 2 Chronicles 34:30 .  read. Either himself; or, by Hebrew idiom, \"cause"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/2-kings/23"
---

**the LORD.** Hebrew. *Jehovah.* App-4 .
**prophets.** Some codices read "Levites", as in [2 Chronicles 34:30](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/34/30) .
**read.** Either himself; or, by Hebrew idiom, "caused to be read".
**in their ears.** Compare [Nehemiah 8:1-4](../../../kjv/nehemiah/8/1-4) , &c. The king did not keep it to himself. God's word is for all.

**by a pillar:** or, on the pillar, or, platform. Compare [2 Kings 11:14](../../../kjv/2-kings/11/14) .
**soul.** Hebrew. *nephesh.* App-13 .
**written.** See App-47 .
**stood.** But not for long. See [Jeremiah 11:2-20](../../../kjv/jeremiah/11/2-20) .

**priests of the second order** (or degree), i.e. ordinary priests.
**the grove** = the *'Asherah.* See App-42 .
**host of heaven.** Compare [2 Kings 21:3](../../../kjv/2-kings/21/3) .
**burned them.** As prescribed in [Deuteronomy 7:25](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/7/25) .
**unto Beth-el.** To defile the altar there, according to the prophecy in [1 Kings 13:2](../../../kjv/1-kings/13/2) .

**idolatrous priests** = black-robed; not *kohen,* as appointed by God, but *kemarlm,* as appointed by man. Compare [Hosea 10:5](../../../kjv/hosea/10/5) , [Zephaniah 1:4](../../../kjv/zephaniah/1/4) .
**Planets** = stations: i.e. the twelve signs of the Zodiac. Hebrew. *mazzaloth.* Spelled *Mazzaroth* in [Job 38:32](../../../kjv/job/38/32) = *stations.* The Babylonian name for the *divisions* of the zodiac. Called in the Assyrian inscriptions "Mauzalti". (See *Western Asiatic Inscriptions.)*

**graves.** Hebrew. *keber.* See note on [2 Kings 21:26](../../../kjv/2-kings/21/26) .
**of the children of the people** = of the common people in [Jeremiah 26:23](../../../kjv/jeremiah/26/23) . In [2 Chronicles 35:5](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/35/5) it = the laity as distinguished from Levites.
**children** = sons.

**sodomites** = male prostitutes. Suppression directed in [Deuteronomy 23:17](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/23/17) , [Deuteronomy 23:18](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/23/18) . See note on [1 Kings 14:23](../../../kjv/1-kings/14/23) , [1 Kings 14:24](../../../kjv/1-kings/14/24) .
**hangings.** Hebrew houses. Probably veils to cover the *'Asherah,* as it is covered in Romish processions to-day.

**the high places.** Seemingly (from [2 Kings 23:9](../../../kjv/2-kings/23/9) ) some were used for the worship of Jehovah. See notes on [2 Kings 18:20](../../../kjv/2-kings/18/20) ; 2Ki 19:10 , [2 Kings 19:14](../../../kjv/2-kings/19/14) .
**Geba.** NOW *Jeba* ([Joshua 18:24](../../../kjv/joshua/18/24) ).
**Beer-sheba.** Southern boundary ([Genesis 21:31](../../../kjv/genesis/21/31) .[Judges 20:1](../../../kjv/judges/20/1); [Judges 20:1](../../../kjv/judges/20/1) ). Compare [Amos 5:5](../../../kjv/amos/5/5) ; [Amos 8:14](../../../kjv/amos/8/14) .

**priests of the high places.** Not idolatrous priests. See note on [2 Kings 23:8](../../../kjv/2-kings/23/8) .

**Topheth** = the Topheth. First occurrence. Put by Figure of speech *Metonymy* (of Adjunct), put for anything abhorrent.
**valley, &c.** The junction of the three valleys uniting south of Jerusalem. The continual fires burning there gave the Greek name *Gehenna* (from the Hebrew *Ge Hinnom =* valley of Hinnom).
**Molech.** Compare [Jeremiah 7:31](../../../kjv/jeremiah/7/31) , [Jeremiah 7:32](../../../kjv/jeremiah/7/32) ; [Jeremiah 19:2-6](../../../kjv/jeremiah/19/2-6) . Prohibited [Deuteronomy 18:10](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/18/10) . Compare [1 Kings 11:7](../../../kjv/1-kings/11/7) .

**kings of Judah.** Presumably Manasseh and Amon. See [2 Kings 21:3-5](../../../kjv/2-kings/21/3-5) . of = from.
**by** = to.
**chamberlain** = eunuch, or officer.
**suburbs** , or outskirts.

**top** = roof, "[the roof] of", &c. brake them down. The margin of Authorized Version seems preferable here: "hurried away [with them] from thence".

**before Jerusalem:** i.e. the east side. See Zec 16:4 .
**which, &c** ***.*** Figure of speech *Polyonyrnia.*
**mount of corruption:** i.e. the Mount of Olives. Thus called on account of the idolatries connected with it.
**Chemosh.** Compare [1 Kings 11:5](../../../kjv/1-kings/11/5) , [1 Kings 11:7](../../../kjv/1-kings/11/7) .

**images** = pillars, or statues.
**men.** Hebrew. *'adam.* Used collectively. App-14 .

**the altar.** Compare [1 Kings 12:32](../../../kjv/1-kings/12/32) , [1 Kings 12:33](../../../kjv/1-kings/12/33) .
**made Israel to sin.** See note on [1 Kings 14:16](../../../kjv/1-kings/14/16) .

**sepulchres.** Hebrew, plural of *keber.* See note on [2 Kings 21:26](../../../kjv/2-kings/21/26) .
**the word.** See [1 Kings 13:2](../../../kjv/1-kings/13/2) .
**the man of God.** See note on [Deuteronomy 33:1](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/33/1) . App-49 .
**God.** Hebrew. *Elohim.* App-4 .
**proclaimed.** Supply Figure of speech *Ellipsis* thus: "proclaimed [when Jeroboam stood by the altar at the feast], who proclaimed these words" 369 years before. See [1 Kings 13:1](../../../kjv/1-kings/13/1) , [1 Kings 13:2](../../../kjv/1-kings/13/2) .

**title** = monument.

**the LORD.** Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate read "Jehovah" in the text.

**slew** = sacrificed. See App-43 .

**Keep the passover.** See note on [Exodus 12:28](../../../kjv/exodus/12/28) .
**the book of this covenant** = this covenant-book. Authorized Version 1611, reads "this book of the covenant".

**not holden such.** Compare Hezekiah's passover, of which the same is said ([2 Chronicles 30:26](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/30/26) ). Both statements true. Hezekiah's greater than any before it. Josiah's greater than Hezekiah's. See the details ([2 Chronicles 35:1-19](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/35/1-19) ). There were larger numbers, and the law was more exactly followed. Hezekiah's passover kept just before the dispersion of Israel. Josiah's passover kept just before the captivity of Judah.
**judges that judged.** Figure of speech *Polyptoton.*

**familiar spirits.** See note on [Leviticus 19:31](../../../kjv/leviticus/19/31) .
**images** = teraphim = household gods.
**idols** = manufactured gods.
**put** = clear.
**Hilkiah the priest found.** See [2 Kings 22:8](../../../kjv/2-kings/22/8) , &c.

**like unto.** Note the Figure of speech *Epanadiplosis* , by which (for emphasis) the statement begins and ends with the same words.
**soul.** Hebrew. *nephesh.* App-13 .

**as** = according as.
**I have chosen** = I once, or erewhile, chose.

**are they not . . . ?** Figure of speech *Erotesis.* App-6 .

**Pharaoh-nechoh:** i.e. Nechoh II, the sixth king of the twentysixth dynasty. His father was a tributary to Assyria, but had secured independence for Egypt.
**the king of Assyria:** i.e. the king of Babylon, who had just conquered Nineveh, the rival capital.
**went against him.** His motive not known.
**he** = the king of Egypt.
**him** = Josiah.
**Megiddo.** Southern margin of the plain of Esdraelon, celebrated for Syria's defeat by Barak ([Judges 5:19](../../../kjv/judges/5/19) ).
**seen.** Figure of speech *Tapeinosis* , to emphasize the fact that he did much more than "see" him. Compare [2 Kings 14:8](../../../kjv/2-kings/14/8) and [2 Chronicles 35:21](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/35/21) , [2 Chronicles 35:22](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/35/22) .

**buried him.** For the sorrow attending this, see [2 Chronicles 35:25](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/35/25) .

**Jehoahaz.** Also called Johanan ([Jeremiah 22:11](../../../kjv/jeremiah/22/11) . [1 Chronicles 3:15](../../../kjv/1-chronicles/3/15) ). He was the younger brother of Jehoiakim ([2 Kings 23:36](../../../kjv/2-kings/23/36) ).

**evil.** Hebrew. *raa'.* App-44 .

**at Biblah.** After his defeat by Nebuchadrezzar at Carohemish. Eiblah was a centre from whence roads branched to the Euphrates and Nineveh, or by Palmyra to Babylon. The southern roads led to Palestine, Lebanon, and Egypt. Eiblah still bears this name, and is about twenty-five miles south-south-west of Ernesa.
**that he might not reign.** Hebrew text reads "when he reigned". Authorized Version follows some codices, with Aramaean, Septuagint, and Vulgate.

**Eliakim.** Name changed, to assert Pharaoh-nechoh's authority.
**in the room.** Refusing to recognize the People's appointment of [2 Kings 23:30](../../../kjv/2-kings/23/30) .
**died there.** As Jeremiah ([2 Kings 22:11](../../../kjv/2-kings/22/11) , [2 Kings 22:12](../../../kjv/2-kings/22/12) ) foretold.

**taxed** = assessed.

**did that which was evil.** See [2 Chronicles 36:5-8](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/36/5-8) . [Jeremiah 22:17](../../../kjv/jeremiah/22/17) ; [Jeremiah 24:8](../../../kjv/jeremiah/24/8) ; [Jeremiah 26:22-23](../../../kjv/jeremiah/26/22-23) . N.B. Jeremiah chapters 13-20, and probably Jeremiah chapters 22 ; 26 ; 35 ; 36 ; belong to this period.

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