---
title: "Bullinger"
description: "Wherefore . Greek.  toigaroun, a very emph. word of inference; Occurs only here and 1 Thessalonians 4:8 . Resume from Hebrews 10:39 .  seeing. &c . ="
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/hebrews/12"
---

**Wherefore** . Greek. *toigaroun,* a very emph. word of inference; Occurs only here and [1 Thessalonians 4:8](../../../kjv/1-thessalonians/4/8) . Resume from [Hebrews 10:39](../../../kjv/hebrews/10/39) .
**seeing. &c** . = we also having so great a cloud of witnesses surrounding us.
**compassed about** = surrounding. Greek. *perikeimai.* See [Acts 28:20](../../../kjv/acts/28/20) .
**cloud** = throng. Greek. *nephos.* Only here. The usual word for "cloud" is *nephele.*
**witnesses** . Greek. *martus.* See [John 1:7](../../../kjv/john/1/7) . Whose lives witness to the power of faith. Not "spectators", for then the word would be *autoptes* ([Luke 1:2](../../../kjv/luke/1/2) ) or *epoptes* ([2 Peter 1:16](../../../kjv/2-peter/1/16) ).
**let us lay aside** = laying aside. See Rom 18:12 .
**weight** . Greek. *onkos.* Only here.
**sin** . App-128 .
**doth so easily beset** . Greek. *enperistatos.* Only here.
**with** = through. Greek. *dia.* App-104 .[Hebrews 12:1](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/1) .
**patience** = patient continuance. See [Romans 2:7](../../../kjv/romans/2/7) .
**race** . Greek. *agon.* See [Philippians 1:1](../../../kjv/philippians/1/1) , [Philippians 1:30](../../../kjv/philippians/1/30) . Always translated fight, conflict, &c, except here. The word means the place of assembly, and then the games witnessed, and then any contest, a lawsuit, &c.
**set before** . Greek. *prokeimai.* Compare [Hebrews 6:18](../../../kjv/hebrews/6/18) .

**Looking** = Looking away from (these witnesses). Greek. *aphorao.* App-133 . Compare [Philippians 1:2](../../../kjv/philippians/1/2) , [Philippians 1:23](../../../kjv/philippians/1/23) .
**Jesus** . App-98 .
**Author** . See [Hebrews 2:10](../../../kjv/hebrews/2/10) and [Acts 3:15](../../../kjv/acts/3/15) .
**Finisher** = Perfecter. Greek. *teleiotes.* Only here. Compare App-125[Hebrews 1:2](../../../kjv/hebrews/1/2); [Hebrews 1:2](../../../kjv/hebrews/1/2) .
**faith** . Greek. *pistis* . App-150 . He stands at the head of the train of faith's heroes, and alone brought faith to perfection. Omit *our.*
**endured** = patiently endured. See [Hebrews 10:32](../../../kjv/hebrews/10/32) .
**the** = a.
**the shame** = shame.
**is set** . All the texts read, "hath sat".
**at** = on. Greek. *en.* App-104 .
**God** . App-98 . The charge is to look away from the witnesses of the past to Him Who is the faithful and true Witness ([Revelation 3:14](../../../kjv/revelation/3/14) ).

**consider** . Greek. *analogizomai.* Only here.
**That** = That hath.
**contradiction** . Greek. *antilogia.* See [Hebrews 6:16](../../../kjv/hebrews/6/16) . Compare [Luke 2:34](../../../kjv/luke/2/34) , where the verb *antilego* occurs.
**of** = by. Greek. *hupo* . App-104 .
**lest** = in order that (Greek. *hina)* not (Greek. *me)* .
**be wearied** . Greek. *kamno* . Only here, [James 5:15](../../../kjv/james/5/15) .[Revelation 2:3](../../../kjv/revelation/2/3) .
**and faint** = fainting. Greek. *ekluo* . See [Galatians 1:6](../../../kjv/galatians/1/6) , [Galatians 1:9](../../../kjv/galatians/1/9) .
**minds** = souls. App-110 .

**not yet** . Greek. *oupo.*
**resisted** . Greek. *antikathistemi.* Only here.
**unto** . Greek. *mechris.* Compare [Philippians 1:2](../../../kjv/philippians/1/2) , [Philippians 1:8](../../../kjv/philippians/1/8) .
**striving** . Greek. *antagonizomai.* Only here.
**sin** . App-128 . The Lord's example is set before them. Hitherto they had to endure spoliation and shameful treatment, but not martyrdom. This is in favour of the early date of the Epistle ( App-180 ). The words "not yet" suggest a time before the persecution under Nero, which began A.D. 65 and lasted till his death A.D. 68.

**forgotten** . Greek. *eklanthanomai.* Only here.
**exhortation** . Greek. *paraklesis.* See [Romans 12:8](../../../kjv/romans/12/8) and App-134 .
**speaketh** . Greek. *dialegomai.* See [Acts 17:2](../../../kjv/acts/17/2) .
**unto** = to.
**children, son** . Greek. *huios.* App-108 .
**despise** . Greek. *oligoreo.* Only here. See [Proverbs 3:11](../../../kjv/proverbs/3/11) , [Proverbs 3:12](../../../kjv/proverbs/3/12) .
**chastening** . Greek. *paideia.* See [Ephesians 6:4](../../../kjv/ephesians/6/4) .
**LORD** . App-98 .
**nor** . Greek. *mede* .
**rebuked** . Greek. *elencho.*

**loveth** . Greek. *agapao.* App-135 . See [Revelation 3:19](../../../kjv/revelation/3/19) .
**chasteneth** Greek. *paideuo.* See [1 Corinthians 11:32](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/11/32) .
**scourgeth** . Greek. *mastigoo.* See [John 19:1](../../../kjv/john/19/1) .

**If** . Greek. *ei* , but the texts read *eis* , i.e. Ye are suffering patiently for ( *eis* ) discipline.
**dealeth** . Greek. *prosphero.* Occurs in Hebrew twenty times; translated "offer", except here. In this verse it is passive and means to do business with, deal with.
**the** = a.
**not** . App-105 .

**if** . Greek. *ei* . App-118 .
**without** . Greek. *choris.* See [Hebrews 4:15](../../../kjv/hebrews/4/15) .
**chastisement** = chastening, as verses: [Hebrews 12:5](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/5) , [Hebrews 12:7](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/7) , [Hebrews 12:11](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/11) . are = have become.
**partakers** . Greek. *metochos.* See [Hebrews 1:9](../../../kjv/hebrews/1/9) .
**bastards** . i.e. fictitious. Greek. *nothos.* Only here.

**Furthermore** = Moreover.
**have** . Omit.
**which, &c** . = as correctors. Greek. *paideutes.* Only here and [Romans 2:20](../../../kjv/romans/2/20) .
**gave . . . reverence** . Greek. *entrepomai.* See [1 Corinthians 4:14](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/4/14) .
***them*** . Omit.
**be in subjection** . Greek. *hupotasso.* See [Hebrews 2:5](../../../kjv/hebrews/2/5) .
**Father** . App-98 .
**spirits** . App-101 . Compare [Numbers 16:22](../../../kjv/numbers/16/22) .[Job 33:4](../../../kjv/job/33/4) .[Ecclesiastes 1:12](../../../kjv/ecclesiastes/1/12) , [Ecclesiastes 1:7](../../../kjv/ecclesiastes/1/7) . [Isaiah 42:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/5) .[Zechariah 12:1](../../../kjv/zechariah/12/1) . Here not "angels" as some interpret, but the new-created spirits of His "sons".
**live** . App-170 .

**for** . Greek. *pros* . App-104 .
**after their own pleasure** = according as (Greek. *kata)* it seemed good to them.
**that** = to the end (Greek. *eis)* that.
**be partakers** . Greek. *metalambano.* See [Hebrews 6:7](../../../kjv/hebrews/6/7) .
**holiness** . Greek. *hagiotes.* Only here. Not the word in [Hebrews 12:14](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/14) .

**no chastening** . Literally all chastening seemeth not (Greek. *ou)* .
**joyous** = of joy. App-17 .
**grievous** = of grief.
**peaceable** . Greek. *eirenikos.* Only here and [James 3:17](../../../kjv/james/3/17) .
**righteousness** . Greek. *dikaiosune.* App-191 .
**exercised** . See [Hebrews 5:14](../../../kjv/hebrews/5/14) .
**thereby** = by (Greek. *dia* . App-104 .[Hebrews 12:1](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/1); [Hebrews 12:1](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/1) ) it.

**lift up** . Greek. *anorthoo.* See [Luke 13:13](../../../kjv/luke/13/13) . Elsewhere [Acts 15:16](../../../kjv/acts/15/16) .
**hang down** . Greek. *pariemai.* Only here.
**feeble** = palsied. Greek. *paraluomai.* See [Luke 5:18](../../../kjv/luke/5/18) .

**straight** . Greek. *orthos.* Only here and [Acts 14:10](../../../kjv/acts/14/10) .
**paths** . Greek. *trochia.* Only here.
**be turned out of the way** . Greek. *ektrepomai.* See [1 Timothy 1:6](../../../kjv/1-timothy/1/6) .
**healed** . Greek. *iaomai.* See [Luke 6:17](../../../kjv/luke/6/17) .

**Follow** = Pursue. The force of the Greek *dioko* is seen in [Philippians 1:3](../../../kjv/philippians/1/3) , [Philippians 1:14](../../../kjv/philippians/1/14) (press toward).
**with** . Greek. *meta* . App-104 .
**holiness** . Greek. *hagiasmos.* See [Romans 6:19](../../../kjv/romans/6/19) .
**no man** = no one. Greek. *oudeis.*
**shall see** . Greek. *opsomai.* App-133 . (a.)
**the Lord** . App-98 .

**Looking diligently** . Greek. *episkopeo.* Only here and [1 Peter 5:2](../../../kjv/1-peter/5/2) .
**lest** . Greek. *me* . App-105 .
**any** . Greek. *tis* . App-123 .
**man** = one.
**fail** . Greek. *hustereo.* Compare [Hebrews 4:1](../../../kjv/hebrews/4/1) ; [Hebrews 11:37](../../../kjv/hebrews/11/37) .
**of** = from. Greek. *apo.* App-104 .
**grace** . App-184 .
**bitterness** . Greek. *pikria.* See [Acts 8:23](../../../kjv/acts/8/23) .
**springing** = germinating. Greek. *phuo* . Only here and [Luke 8:6](../../../kjv/luke/8/6) , [Luke 8:8](../../../kjv/luke/8/8) .
**trouble** . Greek. *enochleo.* Only here. See [Acts 15:19](../../../kjv/acts/15/19) .
**thereby** . Greek. *dia tautes* . Some texts read *di autes,* the same as [Hebrews 12:11](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/11) .
**be defiled** . Greek. *miaino.* See [John 18:28](../../../kjv/john/18/28) .

**profane** . Greek. *bebelos.* See [1 Timothy 1:9](../../../kjv/1-timothy/1/9) .
**morsel of meat** . Greek. *brosis.* See [Romans 14:17](../../../kjv/romans/14/17) .
**sold** . Greek. *apodidomi.* Same as "yield", [Hebrews 12:11](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/11) .
**his** . The texts read "his own".
**birthright** . Greek. *prototokia.* Only here.

**know** . Greek. *oida* . App-132 .
**afterward** . Greek. *metepeita* . Only here. Add "also".
**when he would have** = wishing to. Greek. *thelo* . App-102 .
**inherited** . Greek. *kleronomeo.* See [Hebrews 1:4](../../../kjv/hebrews/1/4) .
**rejected** . Greek. *apodokimazo.* Only here and [1 Peter 2:4](../../../kjv/1-peter/2/4) , [1 Peter 2:7](../../../kjv/1-peter/2/7) , after the Gospels. Compare *dokimazo,* [Hebrews 3:9](../../../kjv/hebrews/3/9) .
**repentance** . Greek. *metanoia.* App-111 . Repentance means a change of mind, and Esau sought to change his (father's) mind.
**though he sought . . . carefully** = having sought carefully. Greek. *ekzeteo.* See [Hebrews 11:6](../../../kjv/hebrews/11/6) .

**mount** . The texts omit.
**that might, &c** . = that was touched. Greek. *pselaphao.* The reference is to [Exodus 19:16-19](../../../kjv/exodus/19/16-19) .
**and** . This and other five "ands" in verses: [Hebrews 12:18](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/18) , [Hebrews 12:19](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/19) exemplify the Figure of speech *Polysyndeton* ( App-6 ).
**nor** = and.
**blackness** = a thick cloud. Greek. *gnophos* . Only here.
**darkness** . Greek. *skotos,* but the texts read *zophos.* See [2 Peter 2:4](../../../kjv/2-peter/2/4) , [2 Peter 2:17](../../../kjv/2-peter/2/17) . [Jude 1:6](../../../kjv/jude/1/6) , [Jude 1:13](../../../kjv/jude/1/13) .
**tempest** . Greek. *thuella.* Only here.

**sound** . Greek. *echos.* See [Acts 2:2](../../../kjv/acts/2/2) .
**words** . Greek. *rhema.* See [Mark 9:32](../../../kjv/mark/9/32) .
**intreated** . Greek. *paraiteomai.* Same as "refuse" in [Hebrews 12:25](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/25) . See [Luke 14:18](../../../kjv/luke/14/18) (make excuse).
**word** . Greek. *logos* . App-121 .
**spoken** = added.

**if** . Greek. *ean* . App-118 .
**beast** . Greek. *therion,* not *zoon.*
**touch** . See [Hebrews 11:28](../../../kjv/hebrews/11/28) .
**or thrust through, &c** . All the texts omit. No doubt this is because of the complex Ellipsis. In [Exodus 19:13](../../../kjv/exodus/19/13) we read, "There shall not a hand touch it, but he shall surely be stoned or shot through; whether it be beast or man, it shall not live". The work on "Figures of Speech" makes it clear thus: "And if so much as [a man, or] a beast touch the mountain [if a man] he shall be stoned or [if a beast] thrust through with a dart".

**terrible** . Greek. *phoberos.* See [Hebrews 10:27](../../../kjv/hebrews/10/27) , [Hebrews 10:31](../../../kjv/hebrews/10/31) .
**sight** = spectacle. Greek. *phantazo.* Only here. See [Acts 25:23](../../../kjv/acts/25/23) .
**Moses** . See [Hebrews 3:2](../../../kjv/hebrews/3/2) .
**exceedingly fear and quake** = am fearful (Greek. *ekphobos.* Compare [Mark 9:6](../../../kjv/mark/9/6) ) and quaking (Greek. *entromos.* See [Acts 7:32](../../../kjv/acts/7/32) ).

**the living God** . See [Hebrews 3:12](../../../kjv/hebrews/3/12) .
**heavenly** . Greek. *epouranios.* Compare [Hebrews 3:1](../../../kjv/hebrews/3/1) .
**Jerusalem** . Compare [Galatians 1:4](../../../kjv/galatians/1/4) , Gal 1:26 . [Revelation 3:12](../../../kjv/revelation/3/12) ; [Revelation 21:2](../../../kjv/revelation/21/2) , [Revelation 21:10](../../../kjv/revelation/21/10) .
**innumerable company** = myriads.

**general assembly** . Greek. *paneguris.* Only here.
**church** . App-186 .
**firstborn** = firstborn ones. Greek. *prototokos.* See [Hebrews 11:28](../../../kjv/hebrews/11/28) .
**written** . Greek. *apographo.* Only here and [Luke 2:1](../../../kjv/luke/2/1) , [Luke 2:3](../../../kjv/luke/2/3) , [Luke 2:5](../../../kjv/luke/2/5) .
**heaven** . Plural See [Matthew 6:9](../../../kjv/matthew/6/9) , [Matthew 6:10](../../../kjv/matthew/6/10) .
**Judge** . Greek. *krites.* Compare App-122 .
**spirits** . App-101 .
**just men** . Greek. *dikaios.* App-191 .
**made perfect** = perfected. See [Hebrews 11:40](../../../kjv/hebrews/11/40) . App-125 . The standpoint is from "the glory" as in [Romans 8:30](../../../kjv/romans/8/30) .

**Mediator** . Greek. *mesites.* See [Hebrews 9:15](../../../kjv/hebrews/9/15) .
**the** = a.
**covenant** . See [Matthew 26:28](../../../kjv/matthew/26/28) .
**blood of sprinkling** (Greek. *rhantismos)* . The phrase only here and [1 Peter 1:2](../../../kjv/1-peter/1/2) (sprinkling of blood).
**speaketh** . Greek. *laleo.* App-121 .
**than** . Greek. *para.* App-104 . Compare [Hebrews 1:4](../../../kjv/hebrews/1/4) . In [Hebrews 12:18-24](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/18-24) *seven* statements are set forth as to the Old Covenant dispensation, followed by *ten* of the New. Together *se* venteen (see App-10 ).

**See** . Greek. *blepo.* App-133 .
**refuse** . Same word as "intreat", [Hebrews 12:19](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/19) .
**spake** . Greek. *chrematizo.* See [Hebrews 8:5](../../../kjv/hebrews/8/5) ; [Hebrews 11:7](../../../kjv/hebrews/11/7) .
**earth** . Greek. *ge* . App-129 .
**if we** = who.
**turn away** . Greek. *apostrepho,* as [Acts 3:26](../../../kjv/acts/3/26) .

**shook** . Greek. *saleuo.* As [Matthew 24:29](../../../kjv/matthew/24/29) .
**once** . See [Hebrews 6:4](../../../kjv/hebrews/6/4) .
**shake** . Greek. *seio* . See [Haggai 2:6](../../../kjv/haggai/2/6) , [Haggai 2:7](../../../kjv/haggai/2/7) . Occurs: [Matthew 27:51](../../../kjv/matthew/27/51) ; [Matthew 28:2](../../../kjv/matthew/28/2) ; &c. Compare *seismos,* earthquake.
**also heaven** = the heaven (singular [Matthew 6:9](../../../kjv/matthew/6/9) , [Matthew 6:10](../../../kjv/matthew/6/10) ) also.

**signifieth** Greek. *deloo.* See [1 Corinthians 1:11](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/11) .
**removing** . Greek. *metathesis* . Compare [Hebrews 7:12](../../../kjv/hebrews/7/12) ; [Hebrews 11:5](../../../kjv/hebrews/11/5) .
**that** = in order that. Greek. *hina* .
**cannot be** = are not (Greek. *me)* to be.
**remain** . Greek. *meno.* See p. 1511.

**which cannot be moved** = immovable. Greek. *asaleutos.* Only here and [Acts 27:41](../../../kjv/acts/27/41) .
**whereby** = by (Greek. *dia* . App-104 .[Hebrews 12:1](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/1); [Hebrews 12:1](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/1) ) which.
**serve** . Greek. *latreuo.* App-190 .
**acceptably** . Greek. *euarestos.* Only here. The adjective in [Hebrews 13:21](../../../kjv/hebrews/13/21) .
**reverence** . Greek. *aidos.* Only here and [1 Timothy 2:9](../../../kjv/1-timothy/2/9) . The texts read *deos,* awe.
**godly fear** . Greek. *eulabeia.* See [Hebrews 5:7](../../../kjv/hebrews/5/7) , the only other occurance.

**consuming fire** . From [Deuteronomy 4:24](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/4/24) . Compare [Exodus 21:17](../../../kjv/exodus/21/17) . [Psalms 50:3](../../../kjv/psalms/50/3) ; [Psalms 97:3](../../../kjv/psalms/97/3) . [2 Thessalonians 1:8](../../../kjv/2-thessalonians/1/8) ; &c.
**consuming** . Greek. *katanalisko.* Only here. Intensive of *analisko* ([Luke 9:54](../../../kjv/luke/9/54) .[Galatians 1:5](../../../kjv/galatians/1/5) , [Galatians 1:15](../../../kjv/galatians/1/15) . [2 Thessalonians 2:8](../../../kjv/2-thessalonians/2/8) ).

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