---
title: "Bullinger"
description: "an empty vine = a productive or luxurious vine. Hebrew a vine emptying or yielding its fruit. See notes on Judges 9:8-13 . Hebrew.  gephen. Always femini"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/hosea/10"
---

**an empty vine** = a productive or luxurious vine. Hebrew a vine emptying or yielding its fruit. See notes on [Judges 9:8-13](../../../kjv/judges/9/8-13) . Hebrew. *gephen.* Always feminine except here and [2 Kings 4:39](../../../kjv/2-kings/4/39) . Here because it refers to Israel: i.e. to the people.
**fruit.** Note the Figure of speech *Polyptoton* ( App-6 ) in the varying inflections of the words, "fruit", "multiply", and "good"; and the Figure of speech *Synonymia* in "altars" and "images"; all to increase the emphasis of the contrast. See note on [Hosea 9:8](../../../kjv/hosea/9/8) ("watchman").
**unto himself** = like himself: i.e. not for Me.
**according to.** Note the Figure of speech *Anaphora* ( App-6 ).
**multitude . . . increased.** The same word. images = pillars: i.e. *'Asherahs* ( App-42 ). Hebrew. *mazsebah =* upright (erect) pillars.

**Their heart is divided.** Compare [1 Kings 18:21](../../../kjv/1-kings/18/21) . 2Ki 17:32 , [2 Kings 17:33](../../../kjv/2-kings/17/33) , [2 Kings 17:41](../../../kjv/2-kings/17/41) .
**found faulty** = held guilty. Referring back to [Hosea 9:17](../../../kjv/hosea/9/17) .
**he shall, &c.** Reference to Pentateuch ([Exodus 23:24](../../../kjv/exodus/23/24) ; [Exodus 34:13](../../../kjv/exodus/34/13) .[Deuteronomy 7:5](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/7/5) ; [Deuteronomy 12:3](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/12/3) ).

**do to us:** do for us, or, profit us.

**hemlock** = poppy. Reference to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 29:18](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/29/18) ; [Deuteronomy 32:32](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/32/32) , [Deuteronomy 32:33](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/32/33) ). App-92 . Elsewhere only in Job, Psalms, Jeremiah, and [Amos 5:7](../../../kjv/amos/5/7) ; [Amos 6:12](../../../kjv/amos/6/12) .
**in the furrows.** Some codices, with four early printed editions (one Rabbinic, margin), read "all the furrows"

**Samaria.** See [Hosea 10:7](../../../kjv/hosea/10/7) ; [Hosea 7:1](../../../kjv/hosea/7/1) ; [Hosea 8:5](../../../kjv/hosea/8/5) , [Hosea 8:6](../../../kjv/hosea/8/6) ; [Hosea 13:16](../../../kjv/hosea/13/16) .
**Beth-aven.** See note on [Hosea 4:15](../../../kjv/hosea/4/15) .
**priests.** Hebrew. *kemarim =* priests of Baal, or black ones, from *kamar =* to be black, from the black dress (or cassocks) worn by them. Occurs only here and [2 Kings 23:5](../../../kjv/2-kings/23/5) .[Zephaniah 1:4](../../../kjv/zephaniah/1/4) .
**rejoiced** = leap, or exult. Compare [1 Kings 18:26](../../../kjv/1-kings/18/26) .
**glory . . . departed.** Reference to the history ([1 Samuel 4:21](../../../kjv/1-samuel/4/21) , [1 Samuel 4:22](../../../kjv/1-samuel/4/22) ).

**king Jareb.** See note on [Hosea 5:13](../../../kjv/hosea/5/13) .
**counsel:** i.e. the policy of Jeroboam.

**as the foam, &c.** = on the face of the waters. Ref to Pentateuch ([Genesis 1:2](../../../kjv/genesis/1/2) ; [Genesis 7:18](../../../kjv/genesis/7/18) ). App-92 .

**sin.** Hebrew. *chata.* App-44 . Put by Figure of speech *Metonymy* (of Adjunct), App-6 , for the idols associated with it. Compare [Deuteronomy 9:21](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/9/21) . [1 Kings 12:30](../../../kjv/1-kings/12/30) .
**the thorn and the thistle.** Ref to Pentateuch ([Genesis 3:18](../../../kjv/genesis/3/18) ). This combination of words occurs only in these two places. "Thorns" is found in [Exodus 22:6](../../../kjv/exodus/22/6) , &c.; "thistles", Hebrew. *darda,* only here, and [Genesis 3:18](../../../kjv/genesis/3/18) . Compare [Hosea 9:6](../../../kjv/hosea/9/6) .
**mountains.** Such was Beth-el in the hill country of Ephraim ([Judges 4:5](../../../kjv/judges/4/5) ). Contrast [Genesis 49:2](../../../kjv/genesis/49/2) , [Genesis 49:6](../../../kjv/genesis/49/6) .

**sinned.** Hebrew. *chata* . App-44 .
**from:** or, beyond. ****
**the days of Gibeah.** See [Hosea 9:9](../../../kjv/hosea/9/9) and [Judges 19](../../../kjv/judges/19) and [Judges 20](../../../kjv/judges/20) . Note the Article.
**there they stood.** In battle array.
**children** = sons.
**iniquity.** Hebrew. *'alvah.* Occurs only here, from Hebrew. *'avah.* App-44 .
**did not overtake them.** Supply the Ellipsis: [and shall ye escape? ].

**It is in My desire, &c.** = I am resolved to. Reference to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 28:63](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/28/63) ).
**people** = peoples
**when they shall bind** = they being joined (or yoked) [in cohabitation. Put for idolatries] together in committing idolatry.
**two furrows.** Put by Figure of speech *Metonymy* (of Adjunct), for being yoked together as oxen in committing the same sins of idolatry. See the interpretation in verses: [Hosea 10:11-13](../../../kjv/hosea/10/11-13) .

**And Ephraim** = i.e. the land of Ephraim. Here is the contrast. See note on "watchman", [Hosea 9:8](../../../kjv/hosea/9/8) .
**an heifer.** Compare [Jeremiah 50:11](../../../kjv/jeremiah/50/11) .[Micah 4:13](../../../kjv/micah/4/13) .
**passed over upon** = put a yoke upon.
**Jacob.** Put here by Figure of speech *Metonymy* (of Adjunct), App-6 , for Ephraim.

**to seek the LORD.** Ref to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 4:29](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/4/29) ). App-92 .
**rain righteousness, &c.** Reference to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 32:2](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/32/2) ).

**Ye have plowed** = Ye have sown. Heb, *harashtem.* Occurs, with this spelling, only here and [Judges 14:18](../../../kjv/judges/14/18) . The *Massorah* ( App-30 and App-93 ) places it in an alphabetical list of words, occurring twice, with two different meanings (see Ginsburg's *Massorah,* vol. i, p. 498). It is therefore a *Homonym* with one meaning: *ye have plowed* ([Judges 14:18](../../../kjv/judges/14/18) ); and another, *ye have sown* ([Hosea 10:13](../../../kjv/hosea/10/13) ).
**wickedness** = lawlessness. Hebrew. *rasha'.* App-44 .
**trust** = confide. Hebrew. *batah.* App-69 .
**way.** Septuagint reads "chariots". This corresponds with the next clause.

**Shalman.** Sayce thinks he is Salamanu, king of Moab, a tributary of Tiglath-Pileser III (Compare [Hosea 1:1](../../../kjv/hosea/1/1) ); therefore a contemporary of Hosea.
**Beth-arbel.** Hebrew. *Beth-'arbeel =* house of the ambush of GOD (Hebrew El. App-4 . IV). Hebrew margin reads *Beth* - *'arbel,* so as to disguise the name El and avoid the supposed offensive expression.
**the mother, &c.** Compare [Hosea 13:16](../../../kjv/hosea/13/16) .

**your great wickedness.** Hebrew "evil of your evil". Note the Figure of speech *P* olypto *t* on ( App-6 ), Hebrew. *ra'a'.*
**in a morning.** Some codices, with two early printed editions (one Rabbinic, margin), read "like the dawn".
**shall the king of Israel.** Compare [Hosea 10:7](../../../kjv/hosea/10/7) , The king referred to may be Hoshea.

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