---
title: "Bullinger"
description: "spake trembling = spake (authoritatively) [there was] attention; as in Joshua"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/hosea/13"
---

**spake trembling** = spake (authoritatively) [there was] attention; as in Joshua's clays ([Joshua 4:14](../../../kjv/joshua/4/14) ). Compare [Job 29:21-25](../../../kjv/job/29/21-25) .
**trembling** = panic. Hebrew. *r* etheth. Occurs only here. Similar to *retet,* which occurs only in [Jeremiah 49:24](../../../kjv/jeremiah/49/24) ("fear").
**exalted himself:** carried weight, or was exalted.
**offended** = trespassed. Hebrew. *'asham.* App-44 .
**in Baal** = with Baal: i.e. with the idolatrous worship of Baal, in Ahab's days.

**understanding** = notion.
**of them** = to them: i.e. to the People.
**kiss the calves.** Kissing was fundamental in all heathen idolatry. It is the root of the Latin *ad-orare* = to [bring something to] the mouth. "A pure lip" ([Zephaniah 3:9](../../../kjv/zephaniah/3/9) ) implies more than language.

**dew.** Hebrew. *t* al = the night mist. See note on "Zion", [Psalms 133:3](../../../kjv/psalms/133/3) .
**the** = a.
**floor** = threshingfloor.
**chimney** = window, or opening. No word for chimney in Hebrew

**Yet I, &c.** Supply the connecting thought: "[Ye worship these calves], yet I, even I". &c. Compare [Hosea 12:9](../../../kjv/hosea/12/9) . [Isaiah 43:11](../../../kjv/isaiah/43/11) .
**the LORD.** Hebrew. *Jehovah.* App-4 .
**God.** Hebrew. *Elohim.* App-4 .
**from the land of Egypt.** Supply the *Ellipsis* ( App-6 ); "[Who brought thee out] from", &c. Reference to Pentateuch ([Exodus 20:2](../../../kjv/exodus/20/2) , [Exodus 20:3](../../../kjv/exodus/20/3) ).
**shalt know no:** i.e. didst not, or oughtest not to know.
**there is no saviour, &c.** Compare [Isaiah 43:11](../../../kjv/isaiah/43/11) ; [Isaiah 45:21](../../../kjv/isaiah/45/21) . Supply: "no saviour [was there] beside Me". Compare [Acts 4:12](../../../kjv/acts/4/12) .

**I did know thee, &c.** Reference to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 2:7](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/2/7) ; [Deuteronomy 8:15](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/8/15) ; [Deuteronomy 32:10](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/32/10) ). Compare [Amos 3:2](../../../kjv/amos/3/2) . The Septuagint reads "I shepherded, or was shepherd to thee", reading *re ithika* instead of *yeda tika* : i.e. (Resh = R) for (Daleth = D).
**the land of great drought.** Compare [Deuteronomy 8:15](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/8/15) .

**According to their pasture, &c.:** i.e. the more I fed them, the more they kicked against Me.
**they were filled.** Note the Figure of speech *Anadiplosis* ( App-6 ), repeated for emphasis.
**have they forgotten Me.** Reference to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 8:12-14](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/8/12-14) ; [Deuteronomy 32:15](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/32/15) ).

**as a lion.** App-92 . Compare [Hosea 5:14](../../../kjv/hosea/5/14) .
**as a leopard.** Compare [Jeremiah 5:6](../../../kjv/jeremiah/5/6)
**by the way.** Some codices, with three early printed editions, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate, read "on the way of Assyria".
**will I observe** = shall I watch, or lurk.

**caul** = enclosure (i.e. the pericardium).
**the wild beast shall tear them.** Reference to Pentateuch ([Leviticus 26:22](../../../kjv/leviticus/26/22) ).

**thou hast destroyed thyself** = the destruction [which thou art suffering] is all thine own. Ref to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 32:5](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/32/5) . Hebrew. *shahath,* same word as "corrupted"). App-92 .
**but in Me, &c.** = for I am thy [true] help.

**I will be thy king** = Where is thy king? Hebrew. *'ehi* = where, as in [Hosea 13:14](../../../kjv/hosea/13/14) twice; *'ehi* is separated from the following word "king" by the accent *zakeph,* and connected with *'epho'* = now. It therefore means "Where now is thy king? (Hoshea)": the answer being "in prison" (see [2 Kings 17:4](../../../kjv/2-kings/17/4) ).
**where is any other that may save thee . . . ?** = to save thee, or that he may save thee.

**I gave thee, &c.** Reference to [1 Samuel 8:7](../../../kjv/1-samuel/8/7) ; 1Sa 10:19 ; [1 Samuel 15:22](../../../kjv/1-samuel/15/22) , [1 Samuel 15:23](../../../kjv/1-samuel/15/23) ; [1 Samuel 16:1](../../../kjv/1-samuel/16/1) . Compare [Hosea 10:3](../../../kjv/hosea/10/3) . Or, literally "I give . . . and take him away", referring to a continued act, the violent deaths of Israel's then recent kings: Zachariah murdered by Shallum; Shallum by Menahem; Pekahiah by Pekah; and Pekah by Hoshea, who was now a prisoner in Assyria.

**iniquity** = perversity. Hebrew. *avah.* App-44 .
**bound up** = tied up, as in a bag. Reference to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 32:32](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/32/32) , [Deuteronomy 32:35](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/32/35) ). App-92 .
**hid** = reserved.

**shall come, &c.** [Isaiah 13:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/13/8) . [Jeremiah 30:6](../../../kjv/jeremiah/30/6) . [Matthew 24:8](../../../kjv/matthew/24/8) .
**an unwise son.** Note the Figure of speech *Meiosis* ( App-6 ), for emphasis, meaning a most foolish son.
**stay long** = linger.
**in the place, &c.:** i.e. in the act of being born. Compare [2 Kings 19:3](../../../kjv/2-kings/19/3) .
**children** = sons.

**ransom** = redeem (with power). Hebrew. *padah,* to redeem by power in virtue of the legal right. See note on [Exodus 13:13](../../../kjv/exodus/13/13) .
**from** = out of.
**the power** = the hand: i.e. Sheol's power (to keep in its grasp).
**the grave** = Sheol. See App-35 .
**redeem.** Hebrew. *ga'al,* to redeem by purchase by assertion of the kinship right. Hence the other meaning of avenging. See note on [Exodus 6:6](../../../kjv/exodus/6/6) .
**O death.** Figure of speech *Apostrophe* , for emphasis. Quoted in [1 Corinthians 15:54](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/54) , [1 Corinthians 15:55](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/55) .
**I will be** = where [are], &c. See note on [Hosea 13:10](../../../kjv/hosea/13/10) .
**thy plagues.** Hebrew. *deber* = pestilence. Interpreted in [1 Corinthians 15:55](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/55) as "sting". First occurance. [Exodus 5:3](../../../kjv/exodus/5/3) .
**repentance** = compassion [on them], eyes. Figure of speech *Anthropopatheia.* App-6 .

**he.** i.e. Ephraim.
**fruitful.** Used by Figure of speech *Irony* , his name being Ephraim = fruitful. Reference to Pentateuch ([Genesis 41:52](../../../kjv/genesis/41/52) ; [Genesis 48:19](../../../kjv/genesis/48/19) ).
**an east wind.** Hebrew. *kadim* ; not a scorching wind. *shirocco* ([Genesis 41:6](../../../kjv/genesis/41/6) . [Jeremiah 18:17](../../../kjv/jeremiah/18/17) . [Ezekiel 17:10](../../../kjv/ezekiel/17/10) ; [Ezekiel 19:12](../../../kjv/ezekiel/19/12) ).
**wind.** Hebrew. *ruach.* App-9 .
**his spring, &c.** Reference to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 33:28](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/33/28) ).
**he shall spoil** = he shall plunder. Fulfilled in Shalmaneser shortly after, and since that day this prophecy stands fulfilled. The book ends with hope, in the final section below.

**Samaria.** See [2 Kings 17:6](../../../kjv/2-kings/17/6) .
**their.** Some codices, with one early printed edition, Aramaean, Septuagint, and Syriac, read "and their".

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