---
title: "Bullinger"
description: "Behold. Figure of speech  Asterismos.  hand. Figure of speech  Anthropopatheia.  not shortened. Reference to Pentateuch (Numbers 11:23 ). Compare Isaiah"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/isaiah/59"
---

**Behold.** Figure of speech *Asterismos.*
**hand.** Figure of speech *Anthropopatheia.*
**not shortened.** Reference to Pentateuch ([Numbers 11:23](../../../kjv/numbers/11/23) ). Compare [Isaiah 50:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/50/2) . The phrase occurs nowhere else in the O.T.

**iniquities.** Hebrew. *'avah.* App-44 . Same word as in verses: [Isaiah 59:3](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/3) , [Isaiah 59:12](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/12) . Not the same as in verses: [Isaiah 59:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/6) , [Isaiah 59:7](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/7) .
**God.** Hebrew. *Elohim.* App-4 .
**sins.** Hebrew. *chata'.* App-44 .
**have hid His face.** Compare [Isaiah 45:15](../../../kjv/isaiah/45/15) ; [Isaiah 54:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/54/8) ; [Isaiah 57:17](../../../kjv/isaiah/57/17) .

**defiled.** Hebrew. *ga'al, to redeem,* put for *ga'al, to pollute,* here, and [Ezra 2:62](../../../kjv/ezra/2/62) .[Nehemiah 7:64](../../../kjv/nehemiah/7/64) .[Lamentations 4:14](../../../kjv/lamentations/4/14) .[Daniel 1:8](../../../kjv/daniel/1/8) , [Daniel 1:8](../../../kjv/daniel/1/8) . [Zephaniah 3:1](../../../kjv/zephaniah/3/1) .[Malachi 1:7](../../../kjv/malachi/1/7) , [Malachi 1:12](../../../kjv/malachi/1/12) .

**calleth for justice** = sueth in righteousness.
**for truth** = in truth.
**trust** = confide. Hebrew. *b* a *t* a *h* . App-69 .
**vanity** = confusion. Hebrew. *tohu,* as in [Genesis 1:2](../../../kjv/genesis/1/2) ("without form"). See note on [Isaiah 24:10](../../../kjv/isaiah/24/10) .
**lies** = vanity.
**iniquity.** Hebrew. *'aven.* App-44 . Same word as in verses: Isa 59:59 , [Isaiah 59:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/6) , [Isaiah 59:7](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/7) . Not the same as in verses: [Isaiah 59:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/2) , [Isaiah 59:3](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/3) , [Isaiah 59:12](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/12) .

**cockatrice** = adders', or vipers'. See note on [Isaiah 11:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/11/8) .
**eggs . . . web.** Note the *Alternation* in verses: [Isaiah 5:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/5/6) .
**weave.** See note on [Isaiah 19:9](../../../kjv/isaiah/19/9) .
**viper.** Occurs in Isaiah only here, and in the "former" portion ([Isaiah 30:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/30/6) ). See App-79 .

**Their feet** = They. Feet being put by Figure of speech *Synecdoche* (of Part), for the whole person. Quoted in [Romans 3:15](../../../kjv/romans/3/15) , [Romans 3:16](../../../kjv/romans/3/16) .
**evil.** Hebrew. *ra'a'.* App-44 .
**innocent blood.** Reference to Pentateuch. Only here in Isaiah; five times in Deuteronomy ([Isaiah 19:10](../../../kjv/isaiah/19/10) , [Isaiah 19:13](../../../kjv/isaiah/19/13) ; [Isaiah 19:21](../../../kjv/isaiah/19/21) , [Isaiah 19:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/19/8) , [Isaiah 19:9](../../../kjv/isaiah/19/9) ).
**paths** = highways. See note on [Isaiah 7:3](../../../kjv/isaiah/7/3) .

**The way, &c.** See [Romans 3:17](../../../kjv/romans/3/17) .
**Judgment** = righteousness.

**justice** = righteousness. Same as "judgment", [Isaiah 59:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/8) .

**We grope, &c.** Reference to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 28:29](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/28/29) ). Idea the same, but word different. The word in Deuteronomy is the same as in [Genesis 27:12](../../../kjv/genesis/27/12) , [Genesis 27:22](../../../kjv/genesis/27/22) ; [Genesis 31:34](../../../kjv/genesis/31/34) , [Genesis 31:37](../../../kjv/genesis/31/37) . [Exodus 10:21](../../../kjv/exodus/10/21) .[Job 5:14](../../../kjv/job/5/14) ; [Job 12:25](../../../kjv/job/12/25) . The word in Isaiah occurs nowhere else. App-92 .
**night.** Hebrew. *nesheph.* A Homonym, with two meanings: (1) *darkness,* as here; [Job 24:15](../../../kjv/job/24/15) .[Proverbs 7:9](../../../kjv/proverbs/7/9) . 2Ki 7:5 , [2 Kings 7:7](../../../kjv/2-kings/7/7) . 2Ki 5:11 ; [2 Kings 21:4](../../../kjv/2-kings/21/4) .[Jeremiah 13:16](../../../kjv/jeremiah/13/16) ; (2) *daylight,* [1 Samuel 30:17](../../../kjv/1-samuel/30/17) . [Job 7:4](../../../kjv/job/7/4) .[Psalms 119:147](../../../kjv/psalms/119/147) .

**transgressions.** Hebrew. *pasha'.* App-44 .
**sins.** Hebrew. *chata'.* App-44 . Note that these three words occur together in [Leviticus 16:21](../../../kjv/leviticus/16/21) .

**truth faileth** = the truth is found missing,
**maketh himself a prey:** i.e. is liable to be despoiled, or outlawed. Rashi says, "is considered mad", as Authorized Version margin

**arm.** Figure of speech *Anthropopatheia* ( App-6 ). Put by Figure of speech *Metonymy* (of Cause), for the power put forth by it.

**He put on.** Figure of speech *Anthropopatheia* . Note that all the armour is for defense.
**breastplate** = a coat of mail.
**of vengeance for clothing** = of avenging for clothing. Compare [Isaiah 61:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/61/2) ; [Isaiah 63:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/63/4) . The Oxf. Gesenius explains it as "of Jehovah as champion of Israel" (p. 528 b).
**zeal** = jealousy.

**islands** = maritime countries. See note on [Isaiah 11:11](../../../kjv/isaiah/11/11) .

**enemy.** Hebrew. *tzar,* as in [Isaiah 59:18](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/18) .
**like a flood** = like the flood: the Nile in its overflow.
**Spirit.** Hebrew. *ruach.* App-9 .
**lift up.** Figure of speech *Anthropopatheia* .
**standard:** or, banner. Reference to Pentateuch ([Exodus 17:15](../../../kjv/exodus/17/15) ). Hebrew. *nasas* . App-92 .

**the. Redeemer** = a Redeemer: i.e. the Messiah. Quoted in [Romans 11:26](../../../kjv/romans/11/26) , [Romans 11:27](../../../kjv/romans/11/27) , showing that the fullness of the Gentiles must be the fullness of the Gentile times.
**to** = for: i.e. on behalf of. See note on [Romans 11:26](../../../kjv/romans/11/26) .

**for ever.** This coming deliverance for Israel will be final, and cannot therefore as yet have taken place.

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