---
title: "Bullinger"
description: "wars . Greek.  polemos. See Matthew 24:6 .  and . The texts add \"whence\".  fightings . Greek.  mache. See 2 Corinthians 7:5 .  among . App-104 .  lusts ="
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/james/4"
---

**wars** . Greek. *polemos.* See [Matthew 24:6](../../../kjv/matthew/24/6) .
**and** . The texts add "whence".
**fightings** . Greek. *mache.* See [2 Corinthians 7:5](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/7/5) .
**among** . App-104 .
**lusts** = pleasures. Greek. *hedone* . See [Titus 3:3](../../../kjv/titus/3/3) .
**war** . Greek. *strateuomai.* See [1 Corinthians 9:7](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/9/7) .

**desire to have** = covet earnestly. Greek. *zeloo.* See [Acts 7:9](../../../kjv/acts/7/9) .
**cannot** = are not ( App-105 ) able to.
**obtain** . See [Romans 11:7](../../../kjv/romans/11/7) .
**fight** . Greek. *machomai.* See [Acts 7:26](../../../kjv/acts/7/26) .
**war** . Greek. *polemeo.* Only here and [Revelation 2:16](../../../kjv/revelation/2/16) ; [Revelation 12:7](../../../kjv/revelation/12/7) ; [Revelation 13:4](../../../kjv/revelation/13/4) ; [Revelation 17:14](../../../kjv/revelation/17/14) ; [Revelation 19:11](../../../kjv/revelation/19/11) . Note the different words for war in these two verses.
**because, &c** . = on account of ( App-104 .[James 4:2](../../../kjv/james/4/2); [James 4:2](../../../kjv/james/4/2) ) your not asking.
**ask** . App-134 .
**not** . App-105 .

**amiss** = with evil intent. Greek. *kakos* . Compare App-128 .
**that** = in order that. Greek. *hina* .
**consume** = spend. See [Luke 15:14](../../../kjv/luke/15/14) .
**upon** = in (gratifying). App-104 .

**Ye adulterers and** . The texts omit.
**adulteresses** . Compare [Matthew 12:39](../../../kjv/matthew/12/39) . [Jeremiah 3:9](../../../kjv/jeremiah/3/9) . [Ezekiel 16](../../../kjv/ezekiel/16) ; [Ezekiel 23](../../../kjv/ezekiel/23) .[Hosea 2](../../../kjv/hosea/2) ; &c.
**know** . App-132 .
**friendship** . Greek. *philia.* Only here.
**world** . App-129 .
**enmity** . Greek. *echthra.* See [Romans 8:7](../../../kjv/romans/8/7) .
**God** . App-98 .
**will** . App-102 .
**is** = is constituted, or constitutes himself, as in [James 3:6](../../../kjv/james/3/6) .

**Do ye** = Greek.do ye.
**in vain** . Greek. *kenos* . Only here. The adjective occurs frequently.
**spirit** . App-101 .
**to** . App-104 . This can only refer to the general testimony of Scripture that the natural man is prone to selfish desires, leading to envy of others who possess the things desired Compare [Genesis 6:5](../../../kjv/genesis/6/5) ; [Genesis 8:21](../../../kjv/genesis/8/21) .

**more** = greater.
**grace** . App-184 . This has reference to the now nature. Compare [1 Corinthians 2:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/12) .
**resisteth** . Greek. *antitassomai.* See [Acts 18:6](../../../kjv/acts/18/6) .
**proud** . See [Romans 1:30](../../../kjv/romans/1/30) .
**unto** = to.
**humble** = lowly. Compare [James 1:9](../../../kjv/james/1/9) . [Matthew 11:29](../../../kjv/matthew/11/29) . Quoted from [Proverbs 3:34](../../../kjv/proverbs/3/34) .

**purify** . Greek. *hagnizo.* See [Acts 21:24](../../../kjv/acts/21/24) . Used of Levitical purifying four times. Used here, 1Pe 1:22 . [1 John 3:3](../../../kjv/1-john/3/3) , in a spiritual sense.
**double minded** . See [James 1:8](../../../kjv/james/1/8) .

**Be afflicted** . Greek. *talaiporeo.* Only here. Compare [James 5:1](../../../kjv/james/5/1) .[Romans 7:24](../../../kjv/romans/7/24) .
**laughter** . Greek. *gelos.* Only here.
**be turned** . See [Acts 2:20](../../../kjv/acts/2/20) .
**heaviness** . Greek. *katepheia.* Only here. It means casting down the eyes. Compare [Luke 18:13](../../../kjv/luke/18/13) .

**Humble yourselves** . Greek. *tapeinoo.* See [2 Corinthians 11:7](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/11/7) .
**LORD** . App-98 . A (B according to texts).
**lift . . . up** . Greek. *hupsoo.* See [John 12:32](../../../kjv/john/12/32) .

**Speak . . . evil** = Speak against, or backbite. Greek. *katalaleo.* Only here and [1 Peter 2:12](../../../kjv/1-peter/2/12) ; [1 Peter 3:16](../../../kjv/1-peter/3/16) . Compare [Romans 1:30](../../../kjv/romans/1/30) . [2 Corinthians 12:20](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/12/20) .
**one of another** = one another.
**judgeth** . App-122 .
**if** . Greek. *ei* . App-118 .

**Lawgiver** . Greek. *nomothetes.* Only here. Compare [Romans 9:4](../../../kjv/romans/9/4) .[Hebrews 7:11](../../../kjv/hebrews/7/11) .
**destroy** . Compare [James 1:11](../../../kjv/james/1/11) (perish).
**another** = the other. App-124 . The texts read "neighbour", as in [James 2:8](../../../kjv/james/2/8) .

**Go to** = Come. Greek. *age* . Imperative mood of *ago* , used as an adverb. Here and [James 5:1](../../../kjv/james/5/1) .
**such a** = this.
**and** . Note the Fig, *Polysyndeton.* App-6 .
**continue** . Literally make, or do. Compare [Acts 20:3](../../../kjv/acts/20/3) . Figure of speech *Synecdoche.* App-6 .
**buy and sell** = trade. Greek. *emporeuomai.* Only here and [2 Peter 2:3](../../../kjv/2-peter/2/3) . Compare [Matthew 22:5](../../../kjv/matthew/22/5) .[John 2:16](../../../kjv/john/2/16) . This eagerness to travel for trade purposes is a prominent characteristic of the Jew of to-day.

**Whereas ye** = Such as ye are.
**know** . App-132 .
**life** . App-170 .
**It is even** = For it is. The texts read "For ye are".
**vapour** . Greek. *atmis* . See [Acts 2:19](../../../kjv/acts/2/19) .
**appeareth** . App-106 .
**vanisheth away** . See [Acts 13:41](../../../kjv/acts/13/41) .

**For that, &c** . = Instead of ( App-104 . ) your saying.
**will** . App-102 .

**rejoice** = boast. Greek. *kauchaomai.* See [Romans 2:17](../../../kjv/romans/2/17) ; [Romans 5:2](../../../kjv/romans/5/2) .
**boastings** . Greek. *alazoneia.* Only here and [1 John 2:16](../../../kjv/1-john/2/16) . Compare [Romans 1:30](../../../kjv/romans/1/30) .
**rejoicing** = boasting. Greek. *kauchesis.* See [Romans 3:27](../../../kjv/romans/3/27) .
**evil** . App-128 .

**sin** . App-128 .

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