---
title: "Bullinger"
description: "The word, &c. Compare Hosea 1:1 .Joel 1:1 .Micah 1:1 .  the LORD. Hebrew.  Jehovah. App-4 .  came = became: i.e. came to, or was communicated. Compar"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/bullingers-companion-bible-notes/zephaniah/1"
---

**The word, &c.** Compare [Hosea 1:1](../../../kjv/hosea/1/1) .[Joel 1:1](../../../kjv/joel/1/1) .[Micah 1:1](../../../kjv/micah/1/1) .
**the LORD.** Hebrew. *Jehovah.* App-4 .
**came** = became: i.e. came to, or was communicated. Compare [Luke 3:2](../../../kjv/luke/3/2) . See App-82 .
**Zephaniah** = hidden of Jehovah, or he whom Jehovah hath hidden ([Psalms 27:5](../../../kjv/psalms/27/5) ; [Psalms 31:19](../../../kjv/psalms/31/19) , [Psalms 31:20](../../../kjv/psalms/31/20) ; [Psalms 83:3](../../../kjv/psalms/83/3) ). For the connection See [Zephaniah 2:3](../../../kjv/zephaniah/2/3) .
**Hizkiah** = Hezekiah.

**utterly consume.** Note the Figure of speech *Paronomasia* ( App-6 ), for emphasis. Hebrew. *'asoph 'aseph =* to end, I end.
**consume** = take away, or make an end of.
**all.** Omit "things" = All; as in [Job 42:2](../../../kjv/job/42/2) .[Psalms 8:6](../../../kjv/psalms/8/6) . [Isaiah 44:24](../../../kjv/isaiah/44/24) .
**the land.** Figure of speech *Pleonasm.* ( App-6 ) = the face of the land.
**land** = soil, or ground.
**saith the Lord** = [is] Jehovah's oracle.

**I will consume.** Note the Figure of speech *Anaphora* . Three times repeated.
**man.** Hebrew. *'adam* with ' *eth* = humanity App-14 .
**and.** Note the Figure of speech *Polysyndeton* ( App-6 ), for emphasis.
**stumblingblocks** = ruin. Occurs only here, and [Isaiah 3:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/6) . Figure of speech *Metalepsis.* "Stumblingblocks" put first for the idols and idolatry, and then idolatry put for the ruin brought about by them.
**with** = together with. Hebrew. *'eth* .
**the wicked** = the lawless ones. Hebrew. *rasha'.* App-44 .

**Mine hand.** Figure of speech *Anthropopatheia,* App-6 .
**remnant.** Septuagint reads "names", reading *shem* instead of *she'ar,* as in the next clause.
**and.** Some codices, with three early printed editions, Aramaean, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate, read this "and" in the text.
**Chemarims** = *Kemarim =* black-robed, or cassocked. From Hebrew. *Kamar,* to be black. Used of idolatrous priests because so clothed; not *Kohen,* as appointed by Jehovah. Occurs only here; [2 Kings 23:5](../../../kjv/2-kings/23/5) , and [Hosea 10:5](../../../kjv/hosea/10/5) .

**worship the host of heaven.** Reference to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 4:19](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/4/19) ; [Deuteronomy 17:3](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/17/3) ). App-92 . Compare [2 Kings 23:11](../../../kjv/2-kings/23/11) , [2 Kings 23:12](../../../kjv/2-kings/23/12) .[Jeremiah 19:13](../../../kjv/jeremiah/19/13) .
**Malcham** = king-god, or king-idol. Syriac and Vulgate read "Milcom".

**from** = from after.
**sought . . . enquired.** Reference to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 4:29](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/4/29) , where the two Hebrew verbs are in the same order, and are rendered "seek . . . seek"). App-92 .
**LORD.** Hebrew. *Jehovah.* (with ' *eth)* = Jehovah Himself.

**Hold thy peace, &c.** See [Amos 6:10](../../../kjv/amos/6/10) . [Habakkuk 2:20](../../../kjv/habakkuk/2/20) . Zec 3:13 .
**the Lord.** Hebrew Adonai. App-4 .
**God.** Hebrew. *Jehovah.* App-4 .
**a sacrifice.** Septuagint reads "His sacrifice".
**bid** = separated. Hebrew sanctified. See note on [Exodus 3:5](../../../kjv/exodus/3/5) .

**the day of the Lord's sacrifice.** See notes on [Isaiah 2:12](../../../kjv/isaiah/2/12) ; [Isaiah 13:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/13/6) .
**day.** Put by Figure of speech *Metonymy* (of Adjunct), App-6 , for the judgments executed in it.
**punish** = visit upon. Reference to Pentateuch ([Exodus 32:34](../../../kjv/exodus/32/34) ). App-92 . Compare [Jeremiah 9:25](../../../kjv/jeremiah/9/25) ; [Jeremiah 11:22](../../../kjv/jeremiah/11/22) ; [Jeremiah 13:21](../../../kjv/jeremiah/13/21) , &c.
**children** = sons: i.e. the royal house. Compare [1 Kings 22:26](../../../kjv/1-kings/22/26) . [2 Kings 11:2](../../../kjv/2-kings/11/2) .[Jeremiah 36:26](../../../kjv/jeremiah/36/26) ; [Jeremiah 38:6](../../../kjv/jeremiah/38/6) , &c.
**strange** = foreign.

**those that leap, &c.** No reference to idolatrous practice, as in [1 Kings 18:26](../../../kjv/1-kings/18/26) ; but to the servants of rulers sent to enter the houses of others and steal Figure of speech *Periphrasis* ( App-6 ), for robbers.
**on** = over.
**violence and deceit.** Put by Figure of speech *Metonymy* (of Cause), App-6 , for the booty procured.

**the noise of a cry.** Figure of speech *Pleonasm.* App-6 .
**the second** = the new city. See note on [2 Kings 22:14](../../../kjv/2-kings/22/14) ,

**Maktesh** = the mortar. Probably the local name of the merchants' quarter in the Tyropoeon valley, west of Zion. App-68 . So called from its basin-like shape.
**cut down** = laid low.

**candles** = lamps.
**evil** = harm. Hebrew. *ra'a'.* App-44 .

**they shall also build, &c.** Reference to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 28:30](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/28/30) , [Deuteronomy 28:39](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/28/39) ). Compare [Amos 5:11](../../../kjv/amos/5/11) .[Micah 6:15](../../../kjv/micah/6/15) ; and contrast [Isaiah 65:21](../../../kjv/isaiah/65/21) .[Amos 9:14](../../../kjv/amos/9/14) .
**wine.** Heb *yayin.* App-27 .

**The great day, &c.** Compare [Isaiah 22:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/22/5) .[Joel 2:1](../../../kjv/joel/2/1) , &c.
**is near, &c.** Hebrew [is] near, near. Figure of speech *Epizeuxis* , for emphasis: i.e. very near.
**mighty man.** Hebrew. *gibbor.* App-14 .

**wrath. trouble, &c.** Note the Figure of speech *Synonymia* ( App-6 ).

**the trumpet and alarm** = an alarming trumpet. Figure of speech *Hendiadys* = a trumpet, yea, a trumpet [call] "to arms"! Compare [Zephaniah 2:2](../../../kjv/zephaniah/2/2) .
**towers.** Hebrew corners. Put by Figure of speech *Metonymy* (of Adjunct), App-6 , for the towers usually fixed there.

**they shall walk, &c.** Reference to Pentateuch ([Deuteronomy 28:29](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/28/29) ).

**land.** Not the same word as in verses: [Zephaniah 2:3](../../../kjv/zephaniah/2/3) . for, Ginsburg thinks this should be "yea".

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