---
title: "Clarke"
description: "Usherian year of the world, 4056. -Alexandrian era of the world, 5554. -Antiochian era of the world, 5544. -Constantinopolitan era of the world, 5560. -Ye"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/clarkes-commentary/galatians/1"
---

Usherian year of the world, 4056.
-Alexandrian era of the world, 5554.
-Antiochian era of the world, 5544.
-Constantinopolitan era of the world, 5560.
-Year of the Eusebian epocha of the Creation, 4280.
-Year of the Julian period, 4762.
-Year of the minor Jewish era of the world, 3812.
-Year of the greater Rabbinical era of the world, 4411.
-Year from the Flood, according to Archbishop Usher, and the English Bible, 2400.
-Year of the Cali yuga, or Indian era of the Deluge, 3154.
-Year of the era of Iphitus, or since the first commencement of the Olympic games, 992.
-Year of the Nabonassarean era, 799.
-Year of the era of the Seleucidae, 364.
-Year of the Spanish era, 90.
-Year of the Actiac or Actian era, 83.
-Year of the vulgar era of Christ's nativity, 52.
-Year from the building of Rome, according to Varro, 805.
-Year of the CCVIIth Olympiad, 4.
-Year of Ananias, high priest of the Jews, 8.
-Common Golden Number, 15.
-Jewish Golden Number, 12.
-Year of the Solar Cycle, 5.
-Dominical Letters; it being Bissextile or Leap year, BA.
-Jewish Passover, April lst.
-Easter Sunday, April 2d.
-Epact, or the moon's age on the 22d of March, or the Xth of the Calends of April, 4.
-Year of the reign of Claudius Caesar, the fifth emperor of the Romans, 12.
-In the last year of Ventidius Cumanus, governor of the Jews.
-Year of Vologesus, king of the Parthians, 2.
-Year of Cains Numidius Quadratus, governor of Syria, 1.
-Roman Consuls; Publius Cornelius Sylla Faustus, and Lucius Salvius Otho Titianus; and for the following year, viz. A. D. 53, (which is supposed by some to be the date of the epistle,) Decimus Junius Silanus, and Quintus Haterius Antoninus.
CHAPTER I.
*St. Paul shows that he was especially called of God to be an*
*apostle*, 1.
*Directs his epistle to the Churches through the regions of*
*Galatia*, 2.
*Commends them to the grace of Christ, who gave himself for their*
*sins*, 3-5.
*Marvels that they had so soon turned away from the grace of the*
*Gospel of Christ, to what falsely pretended to be another*
*gospel*, 6, 7.
*Pronounces him accursed who shall preach any other doctrine than*
*that which he had delivered to them*, 8, 9.
*Shows his own uprightness, and that he received his doctrine*
*from God*, 10-12.
*Gives an account of his conversion and call to the apostleship*,
13-17.
*How three years after his conversion he went up to Jerusalem,*
*and afterwards went through the regions of Syria and Cilicia,*
*preaching the faith of Christ to the great joy of the Christian*
*Churches in Judea*, 18-24.
NOTES ON CHAP. I.
Verse [Galatians 1:1](../../../kjv/galatians/1/1). ***Paul, an apostle, not of men*** — Not commissioned by any *assembly* or *council* of the *apostles*.
***Neither by man*** — Nor by any *one* of the *apostles*; neither by *James*, who seems to have been *president* of the apostolic council at Jerusalem; nor by *Peter*, to whom, in a particular manner, the keys of the kingdom were intrusted.
***But by Jesus Christ*** — Having his mission immediately from Christ himself, and *God the Father who raised him from the dead*, see [Acts 22:14](../../../kjv/acts/22/14); [Acts 22:15](../../../kjv/acts/22/15), and commanded him to go both to the Jews and to the Gentiles, to open their eyes, to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they might obtain remission of sins, and an inheritance among them that are sanctified. See [Acts 9:1](../../../kjv/acts/9/1), &c., and the notes there.

Verse [Galatians 1:2](../../../kjv/galatians/1/2). ***And all the brethren which are with me*** — It is very likely that this refers to those who were his *assistants* in preaching the Gospel, and not to any *private members* of the Church.
***Churches of Galatia*** — Galatia was a *region* or *province* of Asia Minor; there was neither *city* nor *town* of this name. See the *preface*. But as, in this province, St. Paul had planted several Churches, he directs the epistle to the whole of them; for it seems they were all pretty nearly in the same state, and needed the same instructions.

Verse [Galatians 1:3](../../../kjv/galatians/1/3). ***Grace be to you***, &c.] [Romans 1:7](../../../kjv/romans/1/7); [Romans 1:7](../../../kjv/romans/1/7).

Verse [Galatians 1:4](../../../kjv/galatians/1/4). ***Who gave himself for our sins*** — Who became a *sin-offering* to God in behalf of mankind, that they might be saved from their sins.
***Deliver us from this present evil world*** — These words cannot mean *created nature*, or the *earth and its productions*, nor even *wicked men*. The former we shall need while we live, the *latter* we cannot *avoid*; indeed they are those who, when converted, form the Church of God; and, by the successive conversion of sinners is the Church of Christ maintained; and the followers of God must live and labour *among them*, in order to their conversion. The apostle, therefore, must mean the *Jews*, and their *system of carnal* *ordinances; statutes which were not good, and judgments by which* *they could not live*; [Ezekiel 20:25](../../../kjv/ezekiel/20/25); and the whole of their ecclesiastical economy, which was a burden neither they nor their fathers were able to bear, [Acts 15:10](../../../kjv/acts/15/10). *Schoettgen* contends that the word πονηρος, which we translate *evil*, should be translated *laborious* or *oppressive*, as it comes from πονοσ, *labour, trouble*, c. The apostle takes occasion, in the very commencement of the epistle, to inform the Galatians that it was according to the *will* and counsel of God that *circumcision* should cease, and all the other *ritual parts* of the Mosaic economy and that it was for this express purpose that Jesus Christ *gave himself* a sacrifice for *our sins*, because *the law* *could not make the comers thereunto perfect*. It had pointed out the *sinfulness* of sin, in its various *ordinances, washings*, c. and it had showed forth the *guilt* of sin in its numerous *sacrifices*; but the common sense, even of its own votaries, told them that it *was impossible that the blood of bulls and goats* *should take away sin*. A higher atonement was necessary; and when God provided *that*, all its shadows and representations necessarily ceased. [Galatians 4:3](../../../kjv/galatians/4/3); [Galatians 4:3](../../../kjv/galatians/4/3).

Verse [Galatians 1:5](../../../kjv/galatians/1/5). ***To whom*****be*****glory for ever*** — Let him have the glory to whom alone it is due, for having *delivered us from the present* *evil world*, and from all bondage to Mosaic rites and ceremonies.

Verse [Galatians 1:6](../../../kjv/galatians/1/6). ***I marvel that ye are so soon removed*** — It was a matter of *wonder* to the apostle that a people, so soundly converted to God, should have so soon made shipwreck of their faith. But *mutability* itself has not a more apt subject to work upon than the *human heart*; the alternate workings of different passions are continually either *changing the character*, or giving it a *different colouring. Reason*, not *passion*, the *word* of *God*, not the *sayings* of *men*, should alone be consulted in the concerns of our salvation.
***From him that called you*** — The apostle seems here to mean *himself*. HE called them *into the grace of Christ*; and they not only abandoned that grace, but their hearts became greatly *estranged* from him; so that, though at first they would have *plucked out their eyes* for him, they at last counted him their *enemy*, [Galatians 4:14-16](../../../kjv/galatians/4/14-16).
***Another gospel*** — It is certain that in the very earliest ages of the Christian Church there were several *spurious gospels* in circulation, and it was the multitude of these *false* or *inaccurate* *relations* that induced St. Luke to write his own. See [Luke 1:1](../../../kjv/luke/1/1). We have the names of more than *seventy* of these *spurious* *narratives* still on record, and in ancient writers many fragments of them remain; these have been collected and published by *Fabricius*, in his account of the *apocryphal books* of the *New* *Testament*, 3 vols. 8vo. In some of these gospels, the necessity of circumcision, and subjection to the Mosaic law in unity with the Gospel, were strongly inculcated. And to one of these the apostle seems to refer.

Verse 7. ***Which is not another*** — It is called a *gospel*, but it differs most essentially from the *authentic narratives* published by the *evangelists*. It is not *gospel*, i.e. *good tidings*, for it loads you again with the *burdens* from which the *genuine Gospel* has disencumbered you. Instead of giving you *peace, it troubles you*; instead of being a useful *supplement* to the Gospel of Christ, it *perverts* that Gospel. You have gained nothing but loss and damage by the change.

Verse 8. ***But though we, or an angel*** — That Gospel which I have already preached to you is the only true Gospel; were I to preach *any other*, I should incur the curse of God. If your false teachers pretend, as many in early times did, that they received their accounts by the *ministry of an angel*, let them be accursed; *separate them* from your company, and have no *religious communion* with them. Leave them to that God who will show his displeasure against all who *corrupt*, all who *add* to, and all who *take from* the word of his revelation.
Let all those who, from the fickleness of their own minds, are ready to favour the *reveries* of every pretended *prophet* and *prophetess* who starts up, consider the awful words of the apostle. As, in the law, the *receiver* of stolen goods is as bad as the *thief*; so the *encouragers* of such *pretended* revelations are as bad, in the sight of God, as those impostors themselves. What says the word of God to them? *Let them be accursed*. Reader, lay these things to heart.

Verse 9. ***Let him be accursed.*** — Perhaps this is not designed as an *imprecation*, but a simple direction; for the word here may be understood as implying that such a person should, have no countenance in his bad work, but let him, as Theodoret expresses it, Αλλοτριος εστω του κοινου σωματος της εκκλησιας, *be separated* from the communion of the Church. This, however, would also imply that unless the person repented, the Divine judgments would soon follow.

Verse 10. ***Do I now persuade men, or God?*** — The words πειθειν τον θεον may be rendered *to court or solicit the favour of God* as the after clause sufficiently proves. This acceptation of πειθειν is very common in Greek authors. While the apostle was a persecutor of the Christians, he was the *servant of men*, and *pleased men*. When he embraced the Christian doctrine, he became the *servant* of GOD, and *pleased* HIM. He therefore intimates that he was a widely different person now from what he had been while a Jew.

Verse 11. ***But I certify you, brethren***, c.] I wish you fully to comprehend that the Gospel which I preached to you is not after man there is not a spark of human invention in it, nor the slightest touch of human cunning.

Verse 12. ***I neither received it of man*** — By means of any *apostle*, as was remarked [Galatians 1:1](../../../kjv/galatians/1/1). No man taught me what I have preached to you.
***But by the revelation of Jesus Christ.*** — Being commissioned by himself alone; receiving the knowledge of it from Christ crucified.

Verse 13. ***Ye have heard of my conversation*** — τηνεμην αναστροφην. My *manner of life*; the *mode* in which I *conducted* *myself*.
***Beyond measure I persecuted the Church*** — For proofs of this the reader is referred to [Acts 9:1-2](../../../kjv/acts/9/1-2) (note); [Acts 22:4](../../../kjv/acts/22/4) (note), and the notes there. The apostle tells them that *they had heard this*, because, being *Jews*, they were acquainted with what had taken place in Judea, relative to these important transactions.

Verse 14. ***And profited in the Jews' religion*** — The apostle does not mean that he became more exemplary in the *love* and *practice* of the *pure law* of God than any of his countrymen, but that he was more profoundly skilled in the *traditions* of the *fathers* than most of his *fellow students* were, or, as the word συνηλικιωτας may mean his *contemporaries*.

Verse 15. ***Who separated me from my mother's womb*** — Him whom I acknowledge as the GOD of *nature* and the GOD of *grace*; who *preserved* me by his *providence* when I was a *helpless infant*, and *saved* me by his *grace* when I was an *adult persecutor*. For some useful remarks on these passages see the *introduction*, sec. ii.

Verse 16. ***To reveal his Son in me*** — To make me know Jesus Christ, and the power of his resurrection.
***That I might preach him among the heathen*** — For it was to the *Gentiles*, and the *dispersed Jews among the Gentiles*, that St. Paul was especially sent. Peter was sent more particularly to the *Jews* in the *land of Judea*; Paul to those in the different Greek provinces.
***I conferred not with flesh and blood*** — I did not take counsel with *men*; σαρξ και αιμα, which is a literal translation of the Hebrew בשר ודם *basar vedam*, flesh and blood, is a periphrasis for *man, any man*, a *human being*, or *beings* of *any kind*. Many suppose that the apostle means he did not dally, or take counsel, with the erroneous suggestions and *unrenewed propensities* of *his* *own heart*, or those of others; but no such thing is intended by the text. St. Paul was satisfied that his *call* was of God; he had therefore no occasion to consult man.

Verse 17. ***Neither went I up to Jerusalem*** — The aim of the apostle is to show that he had his call so immediately and pointedly from God himself, that he had no need of the concurrence even of the apostles, being appointed by the same authority, and fitted to the work by the same grace and Spirit, as they were.
***But I went into Arabia.*** — That part of *Arabia* which was contiguous to *Damascus*, over which *Aretas* was then king. Of this journey into Arabia we have no other account. As St. Luke was not then with him, it is not inserted in the Acts of the Apostles. See *introduction* to this epistle. Jerusalem was the stated residence of the apostles; and, when all the other believers were scattered throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, we find the apostles still remaining, unmolested, at Jerusalem! [Acts 8:1](../../../kjv/acts/8/1).

Verse 18. ***After three years I went up to Jerusalem to see*** *Peter*] These three years may be reckoned either from the departure of Paul from Jerusalem, or from his return from Arabia to Damascus.
*To see Peter* - Ιστορησαι Πετρον, to become *personally acquainted* with Peter; for this is the proper import of the verb ιστορειν, from which we have the word ιστορια, *history*, which signifies a *relation of things from personal knowledge* and *actual* *acquaintance*. How far this is, *now*, from the sense in which we must take the word, *ninety-nine* of every *hundred* of our *histories* sufficiently show. They are any thing but *true* relations of *facts* and *persons*.
***And abode with him fifteen days.*** — It was not, therefore, to get religious knowledge from him that he paid him this visit. He knew as much of the *Jewish religion* as Peter did, if not more; and as to the *Gospel*, he received that from the same source, and had preached it *three years* before this.

Verse 19. ***James the Lord's brother.*** — Dr. Paley observes: There were at Jerusalem *two apostles*, or at least *two* eminent members of the Church, of the name of *James*. This is distinctly inferred from the Acts of the Apostles, [Acts 12:2](../../../kjv/acts/12/2), where the historian relates the death of *James*, the *brother of John*; and yet, in [Acts 15:13-21](../../../kjv/acts/15/13-21), and in [Acts 21:18](../../../kjv/acts/21/18), he records a speech delivered by *James* in the assembly of the apostles and elders. In this place JAMES, the *Lord's brother*, is mentioned thus to distinguish him from JAMES the *brother of John*. Some think there were *three* of this name:-
1. JAMES, our *Lord's brother*, or *cousin*, as some will have it;
2. JAMES, the son of *Alphaeus*; and
3. JAMES, the son of *Zebedee*. But the two former names belong to the same person.

Verse 20. ***Before God I lie not.*** — This he speaks in reference to having seen only *Peter* and *James* at Jerusalem; and consequently to prove that he had not learned the Gospel from the assembly of the apostles at Jerusalem, nor consequently received his commission from them.

Verse 21. ***Afterwards I came into the regions of Syria***, c.] The course of the apostle's travels, after his conversion, was this: He went from Damascus to Jerusalem, and from Jerusalem into Syria and Cilicia. "At Damascus the disciples took him by night, and let him down by the wall in a basket and when Saul was come to Jerusalem, he assayed to join himself to the disciples;" [Acts 9:25-26](../../../kjv/acts/9/25-26). Afterwards, when the brethren knew the conspiracy formed against him at Jerusalem, they brought him down to *Caesarea*, and sent him forth to *Tarsus*, a city of *Cilicia*, [Acts 9:30](../../../kjv/acts/9/30). This account in the *Acts* agrees with that in this *epistle*.

Verse 22. ***And was unknown by face*** — I was not personally acquainted with any of the Churches of Judea; I was converted in another place, and had not preached the Gospel in any Christian congregation in that country; I knew only those at Jerusalem.

Verse 23. ***They had heard only*** — As a *persecutor* of the Church of Christ, I was well known; and as a *convert to Christ* I was not less so. The fame of both was great, even where I was personally unknown.

Verse [Galatians 1:24](../../../kjv/galatians/1/24). ***They glorified God in me.*** — Hearing now that I preached that faith which before I had persecuted and endeavoured to destroy, they glorified God for the grace which had wrought my conversion. I owe nothing to them; I owe all to God; and they themselves acknowledge this. I received all from God, and God has all the glory.
1. IT appeared of great importance to St. Paul to defend and vindicate his Divine mission. As he had *none* from *man*, it was the more necessary that he should be able to show plainly that he had *one from God*. Paul was not brought into the Christian ministry by any *rite* ever used in the Christian Church. Neither *bishop* nor *presbyter* ever *laid hands* on him; and he is more anxious to prove *this*, because his chief honour arose from being sent immediately by God himself: his conversion and the purity of his doctrine showed whence he came. Many since his time, and in the present day, are *far more anxious* to show that they are legitimately appointed by MAN than by GOD; and are fond of displaying their *human credentials*. *These* are easily shown; those that come from God are out of their reach. How idle and vain is a boasted *succession from the apostles*, while ignorance, intolerance, pride, and vain-glory prove that those very persons have no commission from heaven! Endless cases may occur where *man sends* and yet *God* will not *sanction*. And *that man* has no right to preach, nor administer the sacraments of the Church of Christ, whom God *has* *not sent*; though the whole assembly of *apostles* had *laid their* *hands* on him. God never sent, and never will send, to convert others, a man who is not converted himself. He will never send him to teach *meekness, gentleness*, and *long suffering*, who is *proud, overbearing, intolerant*, and *impatient*. He, in whom the Spirit of Christ does not dwell, never had a commission to preach the Gospel; he may boast of his human authority, but God will laugh him to scorn. On the other hand, let none run before he is sent; and when he has got the authority of *God*, let him be careful to take that of the *Church* with him also.
2. The apostle was particularly anxious that the Gospel should not be corrupted, that the Church might not be perverted. Whatever *corrupts* the GOSPEL, *subverts* the CHURCH. The Church is a spiritual building, and stands on a spiritual foundation. Its members are compared to *stones in a building*, but they are *living* *stones*-each instinct with the spirit of a Divine life; Jesus is not only the *foundation* and the *head-stone*, but the *spirit* that *quickens* and *animates* all. A Church, where the *members* are not *alive to God*, and where the *minister* is not *filled with the* *meekness and gentleness of Jesus*, differs as much from a *genuine* *Church* as a *corpse* does from an *active human being*. False teachers in Galatia corrupted the Church, by introducing those Jewish ceremonies which God had abolished; and the doctrine of *justification* by the *use of those ceremonies* which God had shown by the death of his Son to be of none effect. "If those," says Quesnel, "are justly said to pervert the Gospel of Christ, who were for joining with it human ceremonies which God himself instituted, what do those do, who would fondly reconcile and blend it with the *pomps of the devil*? The purity of the Gospel cannot admit of any mixture. Those who do not love it, are so far from building up that they *trouble* and *overturn* all. There is no ground of trust and confidence for such workmen."
3. If he be a dangerous man in the Church who introduces *Jewish* or human *ceremonies* which God has not appointed, how much more is he to be dreaded who introduces any *false doctrine*, or who *labours* to *undermine* or *lessen* the *influence* of that which is *true*? And even he who does not faithfully and earnestly preach and inculcate the true doctrine is not a true pastor. It is not sufficient that a man preach *no error*; he must preach the *truth*, the whole *truth*, and *nothing but the truth*.
4. How is it that we have so many Churches like those in *Galatia*? Is it not because, on one hand, we *disturb* the simplicity of the Christian worship by Jewish, heathenish, or improper rites and ceremonies; and on the other, *corrupt* the *purity* of its doctrines by the inventions of men? How does the apostle speak of such corrupters? *Let them be accursed*. How awful is this! Let every man who officiates as a Christian minister look well to this. His own soul is at stake; and, if any of the flock perish through his ignorance or neglect, their blood will God require at the watchman's hand.
5. St. Paul well knew that, if he endeavoured to *please man*, he could *not be the servant of Christ*. Can any minor minister hope to succeed, where even an apostle, had he followed that line, could not? The interests of *Christ* and those of the *world* are so opposite, that it is impossible to reconcile them; and he who attempts it shows thereby that he knows neither *Christ* nor the *world*, though so deeply immersed in the spirit of the latter.
6. God generally confounds the expectations of men-pleasing ministers; they never ultimately succeed even with men. God abhors them, and those whom they have flattered find them to be dishonest, and cease to trust them. He who is unfaithful to his God should not be trusted by man.

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