---
title: "Clarke"
description: "Verse Genesis 33:1. Behold, Esau came, and with him four hundred men. — It has been generally supposed that Esau came with an intention to destroy his bro"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/clarkes-commentary/genesis/33"
---

![Clarke](/images/commentaries/clarkes-commentary.jpg)

 The Clarke's Commentary
 
Include 66 books
 
Denomination: arminianism
 
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Verse [Genesis 33:1](../../../kjv/genesis/33/1). ***Behold, Esau came, and with him four hundred men.*** — It has been generally supposed that Esau came with an intention to destroy his brother, and for that purpose brought with him four hundred *armed* men. But,
1. There is no kind of evidence of this pretended hostility.
2. There is no proof that the four hundred men that Esau brought with him were at all *armed*.
3. But there is every proof that he acted towards his brother Jacob with all openness and candour, and with such a forgetfulness of past injuries as none but a great mind could have been capable of.
Why then should the character of this man be perpetually vilified? Here is the secret. With some people, on the most ungrounded assumption, Esau is a *reprobate*, and the type and figure of all reprobates, and therefore he *must be* everything that is *bad*. This serves a *system*; but, whether true or false in itself, it has neither countenance nor support from the character or conduct of Esau.

Verse [Genesis 33:2](../../../kjv/genesis/33/2). ***He put the handmaids and their children foremost*** — There is something so *artificial* in this arrangement of Jacob's family, that it must have had some peculiar *design*. Was Jacob still apprehensive of danger, and put those foremost whom he least esteemed, that if the foremost met with any evil, those who were behind might escape on their swift beasts? [Genesis 32:7-8](../../../kjv/genesis/32/7-8). Or did he intend to keep his choicest treasure to the last, and exhibit his beautiful *Rachel* and favourite *Joseph* after Esau had seen all the rest, in order to make the deeper impression on his mind?

Verse [Genesis 33:4](../../../kjv/genesis/33/4). ***Esau ran to meet him*** — How sincere and genuine is this conduct of Esau, and at the same time how magnanimous! He had buried all his resentment, and forgotten all his injuries; and receives his brother with the strongest demonstrations, not only of forgiveness, but of fraternal affection.
***And kissed him*** — וישקהו *valyishshakehu*. In the Masoretic Bibles each letter of this word is noted with a *point* over it to make it *emphatic*. And by this kind of notation the rabbins wished to draw the attention of the reader to the *change* that had taken place in Esau, and the *sincerity* with which he received his brother Jacob. A *Hindoo* when he meets a friend after absence throws his arms round him, and his head across his shoulders, twice over the right shoulder and once over the left, with other ceremonies according to the rank of the parties.

Verse [Genesis 33:10](../../../kjv/genesis/33/10). ***Receive my present at my hand*** — Jacob could not be certain that he had found favour with Esau, unless the present had been received; for in accepting it Esau necessarily became his *friend*, according to the custom of those times, and in that country. In the eastern countries, if your present be received by your superior, you may rely on his friendship; if it be not received, you have every thing to fear. It is on this ground that Jacob was so urgent with Esau to receive his present, because he knew that after this he must treat him as a friend.

Verse [Genesis 33:14](../../../kjv/genesis/33/14). ***Until I come unto my lord unto Seir.*** — It is very likely that Jacob was perfectly sincere in his expressed purpose of visiting Esau at Seir, but it is as likely that circumstances afterwards occurred that rendered it either improper or impracticable; and we find that Esau afterwards removed to Canaan, and he and Jacob dwelt there together for several years. See [Genesis 36:6](../../../kjv/genesis/36/6).

Verse [Genesis 33:17](../../../kjv/genesis/33/17). ***Journeyed to Succoth*** — So called from סכת *succoth*, the *booths* or *tents* which Jacob erected there for the resting and convenience of his family, who in all probability continued there for some considerable time.

Verse [Genesis 33:18](../../../kjv/genesis/33/18). ***And Jacob came to Shalem, a city of Shechem*** — The word שלם *shalem*, in the Samaritan שלום *shalom*, should be translated here *in peace*, or *in safety*. After resting some time at Succoth, which was necessary for the safety of his flocks and the comfort of his family, he got safely to a city of Shechem, in health of body, without any loss of his cattle or servants, his wives and children being also in safety. *Coverdale* and *Matthews* translate this word as above, and with them agree the *Chaldee* and the *Arabic*: it is not likely to have been the name of a city, as it is nowhere else to be found. Shechem is called in [Acts 7:16](../../../kjv/acts/7/16), *Sychem*, and in [John 4:5](../../../kjv/john/4/5), *Sychar*; in the Arabic it is called *Nablous*, and to the present day *Neapolis*. It was near to Samaria; and the place where the wretched remains of the sect of the Samaritans were lately found, from whom Dr. Huntington received a perfect copy of the Samaritan Pentateuch.

Verse [Genesis 33:19](../../../kjv/genesis/33/19). ***For a hundred pieces of money.*** — The original, במאה קשיטה *bemeah kesitah*, has been a matter of long and learned discussion among critics. As *kesitah* signifies a lamb, it may imply that Jacob gave the Hamorites *one hundred lambs* for the field; but if it be the same transaction that St. Stephen refers to in [Acts 7:16](../../../kjv/acts/7/16), it was *money*, τιμης αργυριον, a *sum* or *price of silver*, which was given on the occasion. It has been conjectured that the money had the figure of a lamb stamped on it, because it was on an average the value of a lamb; and hence it might be called a *kesitah* or *lamb* from the impression it bore. It is certain that in many countries the coin has had its name from the *image* it bore; so among our ancestors a coin was called an *angel* because it bore the image of an angel; hence also a *Jacobus*, a *Carolus*, a *Lewis*, (*Louis d' Or*,) a *Joe*, because certain coins in England, Spain, France, and Portugal, bore on one side the image of the kings of those countries, *James, Charles, Lewis, Joseph*, or *Johannes*. The Athenians had a coin called *bouv*, an *ox*, because it was stamped with the figure of an ox. Hence the saying in *AEschylus*:
Τα δ' αλλα σιγω, βους επι γλωττης μεγας Βεβηκεν
AGAM. v. 36.

"I must be silent concerning other matters, a great ox has come upon my tongue;" to signify a person who had received *a bribe* for secrecy, i.e., a sum of money, on each piece of which an ox was stamped, and hence called βουσ, an ox. The word *opes*, riches, is a corruption of the word *oves*, sheep, because these animals in ancient times constituted the principal riches of their owners; but when other cattle were added, the word *pecunia*, (from *pecus*, cattle,) which we translate *money*, and from which we still have our English term *pecuniary*, appears to have been substituted for *oves*, because *pecus, pecoris*, and *pecus*, *pecudis*, were used to signify *all kinds* of cattle *large* and *small*. Among our *British* and *Saxon* ancestors we find coins stamped with the figure of an *ox, horse, hog, goat, c*., and this custom arose in all probability, both among them and other nations, from this circumstance, that in primitive times the coin was the ordinary value of the animal whose image it bore. It is, all circumstances weighed, most likely that a piece of *money* is here intended, and *possibly* marked with the image of a *lamb* but as the original word קשיטה *kesitah* occurs only *here*, and in [Joshua 24:32](../../../kjv/joshua/24/32), and [Job 42:11](../../../kjv/job/42/11), this is not sufficiently evident, the word itself being of very doubtful signification. Mr. Parkhurst is of opinion that the *kesitah* bore the image of a *lamb*; and that these *lamb* *coins* of the ancient Hebrews typified the Lamb of God, who in the Divine purpose was considered as slain from the foundation of the world, and who *purchased* us unto God with his own blood. The conjecture is at least *pious*, and should lead to useful reflections. Those who wish to see more on this subject may consult the writers in the *Critici Sacri*, and *Calmet*.

Verse [Genesis 33:20](../../../kjv/genesis/33/20). ***And he erected there an altar*** — It appears that Jacob had a very correct notion of the *providence* and *mercy* of God; hence he says, [Genesis 33:5](../../../kjv/genesis/33/5): *The children which God hath* GRACIOUSLY *given thy servant*; and in [Genesis 33:11](../../../kjv/genesis/33/11) he attributes all his *substance* to the bounty of his Maker: *Take, I pray thee, my* *blessing - because God hath dealt* GRACIOUSLY *with me, and because I* *have enough*. Hence he viewed God as the *God of all grace*, and to him he erects an altar, dedicating it to *God*, *the God of Israel*, referring particularly to the *change* of his own name, and the *mercies* which he then received; and hence perhaps it would be best to translate the words, *The strong God* (is) *the God of* *Israel*; as by the power of his grace and goodness he had rescued, defended, blessed, and supported him from his youth up until now. The erecting altars with particular names appears in other places; so, [Exodus 17:15](../../../kjv/exodus/17/15), Moses calls his altar *Jehovah-nissi*, "the Lord is my banner."
1. WHEN a man's way's please God, he maketh even his enemies to be at peace with him. When Jacob had got reconciled to God, God reconciled his brother to him. The hearts of all men are in the hands of God, and he turns them howsoever he will.
2. Since the time in which Jacob wrestled with the Angel of the covenant. We see in him much dependence on God, accompanied with a spirit of deep humility and gratitude. God's grace alone can change the heart of man, and it is by that grace only that we get a sense of our obligations; this lays us in the dust, and the more we receive the lower we shall lie.
3. "The first thing," says good Bishop Wilson, "that pious men do, is to provide for the honour and worship of God." Jacob buys a piece of ground, and erects an altar on it in the land of a heathen, that he might acknowledge God among his enemies, and turn them to the true faith; and there is every reason to believe that this expedient would have been successful, had it not been for the base conduct of his sons. How true is the saying, One sinner spoileth much good! Reader, beware, lest thy conduct should become a stumbling block to any.

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