---
title: "Clarke"
description: "Verse Isaiah 3:1. The stay and the staff - \"Every stay and support\"] Hebrew, \"the support masculine, and the support feminine:\" that is, every kind of sup"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/clarkes-commentary/isaiah/3"
---

Verse [Isaiah 3:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/1). ***The stay and the staff*** - "Every stay and support"] *Hebrew*, "the support masculine, and the support feminine:" that is, every kind of support, whether great or small, strong or weak. "*Al Kanitz, wal-kanitzah*; the wild beasts, male and female. Proverbially applied both to fishing and hunting: i.e., I seized the prey, great or little, good or bad. From hence, as *Schultens* observes, is explained [Isaiah 3:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/1), literally, the *male and female stay*: i.e., the strong and weak, the great and small." - *Chappelow*, note on *Hariri*, Assembly I. Compare [Ecclesiastes 2:8](../../../kjv/ecclesiastes/2/8).
The Hebrew words משען ומשענה *mashen umashenah* come from the same root שען *shaan*, to lean against, to incline, to support; and here, being masculine and feminine, they may signify all things necessary for the support both of *man* and *woman*. My old MS. understands the staff and stay as meaning particular persons, and translates the verse thus: - *Lo forsoth, the Lordschip Lord of* *Hoostis schal don awey fro Jerusalem and fro Juda the stalworth* *and the stronge*.
The two following verses, [Isaiah 3:2-3](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/2-3), are very clearly explained by the sacred historian's account of the event, the captivity of Jehoiachin by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon: "And he carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all the mighty men of valour, even ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen and smiths; none remained save the poorest sort of the people of the land," [2 Kings 24:14](../../../kjv/2-kings/24/14). Which is supplied by our version.

Verse [Isaiah 3:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/4). ***I will give children to be their princes***- "I will make boys their princes"] This also was fully accomplished in the succession of weak and wicked princes, from the death of Josiah to the destruction of the city and temple, and the taking of Zedekiah, the last of them, by Nebuchadnezzar.
***Babes shall rule over them.*** — *Dymennysche men schul lordschopen* *to hem*. - Old MS. Bible.

Verse [Isaiah 3:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/6). ***Of the house of his father*** - "Of his father's house"] For בית *beith, the house*, the ancient interpreters seem to have read מבית *mibbeith, from the house*; του οικειου του πατρος αυτου, *Septuagint*; *domesticum patris sui, Vulgate*; which gives no good sense. But the *Septuagint* MS. I. D. II. for οικειου has οικου. And, *his brother, of his father's house*, is little better than a tautology. The case seems to require that the man should apply to a person of some sort of rank and eminence; one that was the head of his father's house, (see [Joshua 12:14](../../../kjv/joshua/12/14),) whether of the house of him who applies to him, or of any other; ראש בית אביו *rosh beith* *abaiu*, the chief, or head of his father's house. I cannot help suspecting, therefore, that the word ראש *rosh, head, chief*, has been lost out of the text.
***Saying*** — Before שמלה *simlah, garment*, two MSS., one ancient, and the Babylonish *Talmud* have the word לאמר *lemor*, saying; and so the *Septuagint, Vulgate, Syriac*, and *Chaldee*. I place it with *Houbigant*, after שמלה *simlah*.
***Thou hast clothing*** - "Take by the garment"] That is, shall entreat him in an humble and supplicating manner. "Ten men shall take hold of the skirt of him that is a Jew, saying, Let us go with you; for we have heard that God is with you," [Zechariah 8:23](../../../kjv/zechariah/8/23). And so in [Isaiah 4:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/4/1), the same gesture is used to express earnest and humble entreaty. The behaviour of Saul towards Samuel was of the same kind, when he laid hold on the skirt of his raiment, [1 Samuel 15:27](../../../kjv/1-samuel/15/27). The preceding and following verses show, that his whole deportment, in regard to the prophet, was full of submission and humility.
***And*****let*****this ruin be under thy hand*** - "And let thy hand support"] Before תחת ידך *tachath yadecha*, a MS. adds תהיה *tihyeh*, "let it be; " another MS. adds in the same place, תקח בידך *takach* *beyadecha*, which latter seems to be a various reading of the two preceding words, making a very good sense: "Take into thy hand our ruinous state." *Twenty-one* MSS. of *Kennicott's*, *thirteen* of *De* *Rossi's*, one of my own, ancient, and *three* editions of the *Babylonish Talmud* have ידיך *yadeycha*, plural, "thy hands."

Verse [Isaiah 3:7](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/7). ***In that day shall he swear*** - "Then shall he openly declare"] The *Septuagint, Syriac*, and *Jerome*, read וישא *veyissa*, adding the conjunction, which seems necessary in this place.
***I will not be a healer*** — *I am not a leche*. - Old MS. Bible. *Leech* was the ancient English word for a *physician*.
***For in my house is neither bread nor clothing*** - "For in my house is neither bread nor raiment"] "It is customary through all the East," says Sir *J. Chardin*, "to gather together an immense quantity of furniture and clothes; for their fashions never alter." Princes and great men are obliged to have a great stock of such things in readiness for presents upon all occasions. "The kings of Persia," says the same author, "have great wardrobes, where there are always many hundreds of habits ready, designed for presents, and sorted," *Harmer*, Observ., II. 11 and 88. A great quantity of provision for the table was equally necessary. The daily provision for Solomon's household, whose attendants were exceedingly numerous, was proportionately great, [1 Kings 4:22-23](../../../kjv/1-kings/4/22-23). Even Nehemiah, in his strait circumstances, had a large supply daily for his table; at which he received a *hundred and fifty* of the Jews and rulers, besides those that came from among the neighbouring heathen, [Nehemiah 5:17-18](../../../kjv/nehemiah/5/17-18).
This explains the meaning of the excuse made by him that is desired to undertake the government. He alleges that he has not wherewithal to support the dignity of the station, by such acts of liberality and hospitality as the law of custom required of persons of superior rank. See *Harmer's* Observations, I. 340, II. 88.

Verse [Isaiah 3:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/8). ***The eyes*** - "The cloud"] This word appears to be of very doubtful form, from the printed editions, the MSS., and the ancient versions. The first yod in עיני *eyney*, which is necessary according to the common interpretation, is in many of them omitted; the two last letters are upon a rasure in *two* MSS. I think it should be ענן *anan*, "a cloud," as the *Syriac* reads; and the allusion is to the cloud in which the glory of the Lord appeared above the tabernacle; see [Exodus 16:9-10](../../../kjv/exodus/16/9-10); [Exodus 40:34-38](../../../kjv/exodus/40/34-38); [Numbers 16:41-42](../../../kjv/numbers/16/41-42).
Either of the readings gives a very good sense. The allusion may be to the cloud of the Divine presence in the wilderness: or the *eyes of the Lord* may be meant, as they *are in every place* *beholding the evil and the good*. And he cannot look upon iniquity but with abhorrence; therefore, *the eyes of his glory* might be well provoked by their crimes.

Verse [Isaiah 3:9](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/9). ***The show of their countenance*** — Bishop Lowth has it *the* *steadfastness of their countenance*-they appear to be bent on iniquity, their eyes tell the wickedness of their hearts. The *eye* is the index of the mind. Envy, hatred, malice, malevolence, concupiscence, and murder, when in the heart, look most intelligently out at the eye. They tell the innocent to be on their guard; and serve the same purpose as the *sonorous rings* in the tail of the *rattlesnake*-they announce the presence of the destroyer.
***They declare their sin as Sodom*** — Impure propensities are particularly legible in the eyes: whoever has beheld the face of a *debauchee* or a *prostitute* knows this; of these it may be said, they wish to appear what they really are. They glory in their iniquity. This is the highest pitch of ungodliness.
***They have rewarded evil unto themselves.*** — Every man's sin is against his own soul. Evil awaiteth sinners-and he that offends his God injures himself.

Verse [Isaiah 3:10](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/10). ***Say ye to the righteous*** — לצדיק *letsaddik*, the ל *lamed* is added here by one MS. and the *Chaldee*. The righteous is the person,
1. Who fears God.
2. Departs from evil.
3. Walks according to the testimony of God.
4. And expects and prepares for a glorious immortality.
"Pronounce ye." - The reading of this verse is very dubious. The *Septuagint* for אמרו *imru* read נאסר *neasor*, or both, אמרו נאסר *imru neasor*, and כי לא טוב לנו *ki lo tob lanu*. Δησωμεν τον δικαιον, ὁτι δυσχρηστος ἡμιν εστι. Perhaps, for אמרו *imru*, the true reading may be אשרו *ashsheru*, "bless you;" or אמרו אשרי *imru ashrey*, "say ye, blessed is." The *Vulgate* and an ancient MS. read in the singular number, יאכל *yochel, comedat*, "he shall eat."
"It shall be well with him:" - כי טוב *ki tob*, "that good." Say nothing to such but *good*. He is a *good man*, he does nothing but *good*, and has a *good* God to deal with, from whom he expects nothing but *goodness*. It shall be well with such in all circumstances of life.
1. In prosperity.
2. In adversity.
3. In sickness.
4. In health.
5. In death.
6. In judgment. And,
7. Through eternity.
In every case, occurrence, and circumstance, he *shall eat the fruit of his doings* - he shall derive benefit from being a righteous man, and walking in a righteous way.

Verse [Isaiah 3:11](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/11). ***Wo unto the wicked*** — לרשע *lerasha*, the man who is,
1. Evil in his heart.
2. Evil in his purposes.
3. Evil in his life.
As he is *wicked*, he does that which is *wicked*; and is influenced by the *wicked one*, of whom he is the *servant* and the *son*. It shall be *ill* with him, רע *ra*; in a single word say to him - *evil!* *Of* him you can speak no good; and *to* him you can speak no good - all is *evil, in* him - *before* him - *after* him - *round about* him - *above* him - *below* him. Evil in *time* - evil through *eternity*!
***The reward of his hands.*** — What he has deserved he shall get. He shall be paid that for which he has laboured, and his reward shall be in proportion to his work. O, what a lot is that of the wicked! Cursed in time, and accursed through eternity!

Verse [Isaiah 3:12](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/12). ***Err*** - "Pervert"] בלעו *billeu*, "swallow." Among many unsatisfactory methods of accounting for the unusual meaning of this word in this place, I choose Jarchi's explication, as making the best sense. "Read *billalu*, 'confound.' *Syriac*." - Dr. *Judd*. "Read *beholu*, 'disturb or trouble.'" - *Secker*. So *Septuagint*.
This verse might be read, "The collectors of grapes shall be their oppressors; and usurers (*noshim*, instead of *nashim*, women) shall rule over them."

Verse [Isaiah 3:13](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/13). ***The people***- "His people"] עמו *ammo, Septuagint*.

Verse [Isaiah 3:14](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/14). ***The vineyard***. - "My vineyard"] כרמי *carmi, Septuagint,* *Chaldee, Jerome*.

Verse [Isaiah 3:15](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/15). ***And grind the faces*** — The expression and the image is strong, to denote grievous oppression but is exceeded by the prophet Micah, [Micah 3:1-3](../../../kjv/micah/3/1-3): -
"Hear, I pray you, ye chiefs of Jacob,
And ye princes of the house of Israel:
Is it not yours to know what is right?
Ye that hate good and love evil:
Who tear their skins from off them,
And their flesh from off their bones;
Who devour the flesh of my people;
And flay from off them their skin;
And their bones they dash in pieces;
And chop them asunder, as morsels for the pot:
And as flesh thrown into the midst of the caldron."

In the last line but one, for כאשר *keasher*, read, by the transposition of a letter, כשאר *kisher*, with the *Septuagint* and *Chaldee*.

Verse [Isaiah 3:16](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/16). ***And wanton eyes*** - "And falsely setting off their eyes with paint"] Hebrew, *falsifying* their eyes. I take this to be the true meaning and literal rendering of the word; from שקר *shakar*. The Masoretes have pointed it, as if it were from שקר *sakar*, a different word. This arose, as I imagine, from their supposing that the word was the same with סקר *sakar, Chaldee*, "intueri, innuere oculis; " or that it had an affinity with the noun סיקרא *sikra*, which the Chaldeans, or the rabbins at least, use for *stibium*, the mineral which was commonly used in colouring the eyes. See *Jarchi's* comment on the place. Though the colouring of the eyes with stibium be not particularly here expressed, yet I suppose it to be implied; and so the Chaldee paraphrase explains it; stibio linitis oculis, "with eyes dressed with stibium." This fashion seems to have prevailed very generally among the Eastern people in ancient times; and they retain the very same to this day.
Pietro delta Valle, giving a description of his wife, an Assyrian lady born in Mesopotamia, and educated at Bagdad, whom he married in that country, (*Viaggi*, Tom. I., Lettera 17,) says, "Her eyelashes, which are long, and, according to the custom of the East, dressed with stibium, (as we often read in the Holy Scriptures of the Hebrew women of old, [Jeremiah 4:30](../../../kjv/jeremiah/4/30); [Ezekiel 23:40](../../../kjv/ezekiel/23/40); and in Xenophon, of Astyages the grandfather of Cyrus, and of the Medes of that time, *Cyropaed*. lib. i.,) give a dark, and at the same time a majestic, shade to the eyes." "Great eyes," says *Sandys*, Travels, p. 67, speaking of the Turkish women, "they have in principal repute; and of those the blacker they be the more amiable; insomuch that they put between the eyelids and the eye a certain black powder with a fine long pencil, made of a mineral, brought from the kingdom of Fez, and called *Alcohole*; which by the not disagreeable staining of the lids doth better set forth the whiteness of the eye; and though it be troublesome for a time, yet it comforteth the sight, and repelleth ill humours." Vis ejus (stibii) astringe ac refrigerare, principalis autem circa oculos; namque ideo etiam plerique Platyophthalmon id appellavere, quoniam in calliblepharis mulierum dilatat oculos; et fluxiones inhibet oculorum exulcerationesque. "It is astringent in its virtue, and refrigerant, and to be chiefly employed about the eyes, and it is called *Platyophthalmon*, for being put into those ointments with which women *beautify their eyes*, it dilates them, removes defluxions, and heals any ulcerations that may be about the eyelids." - *Pliny*, Nat. Hist. xxxiii. 6.
The following inventory, as one may call it, of the wardrobe of a Hebrew lady, must, from its antiquity, and the nature of the subject, have been very obscure even to the most ancient interpreters which we have of it; and from its obscurity must have been also peculiarly liable to the mistakes of transcribers. However, it is rather matter of curiosity than of importance; and is indeed, upon the whole, more intelligible and less corrupted than one might have reasonably expected. *Clemens Alexandrinus*, Paedag. lib. ii., c. 12, and *Julius Pollux*, lib. vii., c. 22, have each of them preserved from a comedy of *Aristophanes*, now lost, a similar catalogue of the several parts of the dress and ornaments of a Grecian lady; which, though much more capable of illustration from other writers, though of later date, and quoted and transmitted down to us by two different authors, yet seems to be much less intelligible, and considerably more corrupted, than this passage of Isaiah. *Salmasius* has endeavoured, by comparing the two quotations, and by much critical conjecture and learned disquisition, to restore the true reading, and to explain the particulars; with what success, I leave to the determination of the learned reader, whose curiosity shall lead him to compare the passage of the comedian with this of the prophet, and to examine the critic's learned labours upon it. *Exercit. Plinian*, p. 1148; or see *Clem. Alex*. as cited above, edit. Potter, where the passage, as corrected by *Salmasius*, is given.
*Nich. Guel. Schroederus*, professor of oriental languages in the University of Marpurg, has published a very learned and judicious treatise upon this passage of Isaiah. The title of it is, "Commentarius Philologico-Criticus de Vestitu Mulierum Hebraearum ad Iesai iii. ver. 16-24. Lugd. Bat. 1745." 4to. As I think no one has handled this subject with so much judgment and ability as this author, I have for the most part followed him, in giving the explanation of the several terms denoting the different parts of dress, of which this passage consists; signifying the reasons of my dissent, where he does not give me full satisfaction.

Some of these things are hard to be understood, though I think this version as good as that of the very learned bishop: but there is little doubt that articles of clothing and dress bore these names in the fourteenth century.

Verse [Isaiah 3:17](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/17). ***The Lord will smite*** - "Will the Lord humble"] ταπεινωσει, *Septuagint*; and so *Syriac* and *Chaldee*. For שפח *sippach* they read שפל *shaphal*. Instead of יהוה *Yehovah*, many MSS. have אדני *Adonai*.
***Will discover their secret parts*** - "Expose their nakedness"] It was the barbarous custom of the conquerors of those times to strip their captives naked, and to make them travel in that condition, exposed to the inclemency of the weather; and the worst of all, to the intolerable heat of the sun. But this to the women was the height of cruelty and indignity; and especially to such as those here described, who had indulged themselves in all manner of delicacies of living, and all the superfluities of ornamental dress; and even whose faces had hardly ever been exposed to the sight of man. This is always mentioned as the hardest part of the lot of captives. Nahum, [Isaiah 3:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/5); [Isaiah 3:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/6), denouncing the fate of Nineveh, paints it in very strong colours: -
"Behold, I am against thee, saith JEHOVAH, God of hosts:
And I will discover thy skirts upon thy face;
And I will expose thy nakedness to the nations;
And to the kingdoms thy shame.
And I will throw ordures upon thee;
And I will make thee vile, and set thee as a gazing-stock."

Verse [Isaiah 3:18](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/18). ***Ornaments*****about their feet** - "The ornaments of the feet rings"] The late learned Dr. *Hunt*, professor of Hebrew and Arabic in the University of Oxford, has very well explained the word עכס both verb and noun, in his very ingenious Dissertation on [Proverbs 7:22-23](../../../kjv/proverbs/7/22-23). The verb means to *skip*, to *bound*, to *dance along*; and the noun, those *ornaments* of the *feet* which the Eastern ladies wore; *chains* or *rings*, which made a tinkling sound as they moved nimbly in walking. *Eugene Roger*, Description de la Terre Sainte, Liv. ii. ch. 2, speaking of the Arabian women, of the first rank in Palestine, says, - "Au lieu de brasselets elles ont de menottes d'argent, qu'elles portent aux poignets et aux pieds; ou sont attachez quantite de petits annelets d'argent, qui font un cliquetis comme d'une cymbale, lorsqu'elles cheminent ou se mouvent quelque peu." See Dr. *Hunt's Dissertation*; where he produces other testimonies to the same purpose from authors of travels. Hindoo women of ill fame wear loose ornaments one above another on their ankles, which at every motion make a tinkling noise. See WARD.
***And*****their*****cauls*** - "the net-works"] I am obliged to differ from the learned *Schroederus* almost at first setting out. He renders the word שביסים *shebisim* by *soliculi*, little ornaments, bullae, or studs, in shape representing the *sun*, and so answering to the following word שהרנים *saharonim, lunulae*, crescents. He supposes the word to be the same with שמישים *shemishim*, the י *yod* in the second syllable making the word diminutive, and the letter מ *mem* being changed for ב *beth*, a letter of the same organ. How just and well founded his authorities for the transmutation of these letters in the Arabic language are, I cannot pretend to judge; but as I know of no such instance in Hebrew, it seems to me a very forced etymology. Being dissatisfied with this account of the matter, I applied to my good friend above mentioned, the late Dr. *Hunt*, who very kindly returned the following answer to my inquiries: -
"I have consulted the Arabic Lexicons, as well MS. as printed, but cannot find שביסים *shebisim* in any of them, nor any thing belonging to it; so that no help is to be had from that language towards clearing up the meaning of this difficult word. But what the *Arabic* denies, the *Syriac* perhaps may afford; in which I find the verb שבש *shabas*, to *entangle* or *interweave*, an etymology which is equally favourable to our marginal translation, *net-works*, with שבץ *shabats, to make chequer work*, or *embroider*, (the word by which *Kimchi* and others have explained שביס *shabis*;) and has moreover this advantage over it, that the letters ש *sin* and ס *samech* are very frequently put for each other, but צ *tsaddi* and ס *samech* scarcely ever. Aben Ezra joins שביסים *shebisim* and עכסים *achasim*, which immediately precedes it, together; and says that שביס *shabis* was *the ornament of the legs*, as עכס *eches* was *of the feet*. His words are, שביס תכשיט של שוקים כמו עכס של רגלים - L."

Verse [Isaiah 3:20](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/20). ***The tablets*** — The words בתי הנפש *bottey hannephesh*, which we translate *tablets*, and Bishop *Lowth, perfume boxes*, literally signify *houses of the soul*; and may refer to strong-scented bottles used for pleasure and against fainting; similar to bottles with *otto of roses*, worn by the ladies of the East to the present time.

Verse [Isaiah 3:21](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/21). ***Nose-jewels*** - "The jewels of the nostril."] נזמי האף *nizmey haaph*. *Schroederus* explains this, as many others do, of jewels, or strings of pearl hanging from the forehead, and reaching to the upper part of the nose; than which nothing can be more ridiculous, as such are seldom seen on an Asiatic face. But it appears from many passages of Holy Scripture that the phrase is to be literally and properly understood of nose-jewels, rings set with jewels hanging from the nostrils, as ear-rings from the ears, by holes bored to receive them.
Ezekiel, enumerating the common ornaments of women of the first rank, has not omitted this particular, and is to be understood in the same manner, [Ezekiel 16:11-12](../../../kjv/ezekiel/16/11-12). See also [Genesis 24:47](../../../kjv/genesis/24/47): -
It is the left nostril that is bored and ornamented with rings and jewels. More than *one hundred* drawings from life of Eastern ladies lie now before me, and scarcely *one* is without the nose-jewel: both the arms and wrists are covered with bracelets, arm-circles, c., as also their legs and feet the soles of their feet and palms of their hands coloured beautifully red with *henna*, and their hair plaited and ornamented superbly. These beautiful drawings are a fine comment on this chapter.

Verse [Isaiah 3:23](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/23). ***The glasses*** — The conjunction ו *vau, and* - AND *the* *glasses*, is added here by *forty-three* of *Kennicott's* and *thirty-four* of *De Rossi's* MSS., and one of my own, ancient, as well as by many *editions*.
***And the veils***. - "*The transparent garments*."] Τα διαφανη Λακωνικα, *Sept*. A kind of silken dress, transparent, like gauze; worn only by the most elegant women, and such as dressed themselves elegantius quam necesse esset probis, "more elegantly than modest women should." Such garments are worn to the present day; garments that not only show the shape of every part of the body, but the very colour of the skin. This is evidently the case in some scores of drawings of Asiatic females now before me. This sort of garments was afterwards in use among the Greeks. *Prodicus*, in his celebrated fable (Xenoph. Memorab. Socr. lib. ii.) exhibits the personage of Sloth in this dress: Εσθητα δε, εξ ἡς αν μαλιστα ὡρα διαλαμποι: -
"Her robe betray'd
Through the clear texture every tender limb,
Height'ning the charms it only seem'd to shade;
And as it flow'd adown so loose and thin,
Her stature show'd more tall, more snowy white her skin."

They were called *multitia* and *coa* (*scil, vestimenta*) by the Romans, from their being invented, or rather introduced into Greece, by one *Pamphila* of the island of Cos. This, like other Grecian fashions, was received at Rome, when luxury began to prevail under the emperors. It was sometimes worn even by the men, but looked upon as a mark of extreme effeminacy. See Juvenal, Sat. ii., 65, &c. *Publius Syrus*, who lived when the fashion was first introduced, has given a humorous satirical description of it in two lines, which by chance have been preserved: -
"AEquum est, induere nuptam ventum textilem?
Palam prostare nudam in nebula linea?"

Verse [Isaiah 3:24](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/24). ***Instead of sweet smell*** - "perfume."] A principal part of the delicacy of the Asiatic ladies consists in the use of baths, and of the richest oils and perfumes; an attention to which is in some degree necessary in those hot countries. Frequent mention is made of the rich ointments of the spouse in the Song of Solomon, [Song of Solomon 4:10-11](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/10-11): -
***Burning instead of beauty*** - "A sunburnt skin."] *Gaspar Sanctius* thinks the words כי תחת *ki thachath* an interpolation, because the *Vulgate* has omitted them. The clause כי תחת יפי *ki thachath* *yophi* seems to me rather to be imperfect at the end. Not to mention that כי *ki*, taken as a noun for *adustio, burning*, is without example, and very improbable. The passage ends abruptly, and seems to want a fuller conclusion.
In agreement with which opinion, of the defect of the Hebrew text in this place, the Septuagint, according to MSS. Pachom. and 1 D. ii., and Marchal., which are of the best authority, express it with the same evident marks of imperfection at the end of the sentence; thus: ταυτα σοι αντι καλλωπισμου - The two latter add δου. This chasm in the text, from the loss probably of three or four words, seems therefore to be of long standing.
Taking כי *ki* in its usual sense, as a particle, and supplying לך *lech* from the σοι of the *Septuagint*, it might possibly have been originally somewhat in this form: -
כי תחת יפי ki thachath yophi (q. יחת *yachath*,) "for beauty *shall be destroyed*." *Syr*. חתת chathath or נחת *nachath*. - Dr. DURELL.
"May it not be כהי *cohey*, 'wrinkles instead of beauty?' as from יפה *yaphah* is formed יפי *yephi, yophi*; from מרה *marah*, מרי meri, c. so from כהה *cahah, to be wrinkled*, כהי cohey." - Dr. JUBB. The כי *ki* is wanting in one MS., and has been omitted by several of the ancients.

Verse [Isaiah 3:25](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/25). ***Thy mighty men.*** — For גבורתך *geburathech* an ancient MS. has גבורך *gibborech*. The true reading, from the *Septuagint,* *Vulgate, Syriac*, and *Chaldee*, seems to be גבוריך *gibborayich*.

Verse [Isaiah 3:26](../../../kjv/isaiah/3/26). ***Sit upon the ground.*** — Sitting on the ground was a posture that denoted mourning and deep distress. The prophet Jeremiah ([Lamentations 2:8](../../../kjv/lamentations/2/8)) has given it the first place among many indications of sorrow, in the following elegant description of the same state of distress of his country: -
Several of the coins mentioned here by Mr. *Addison* are in my own collection: and to such I have already referred in this work. I shall describe one here. On the obverse a fine head of the emperor *Vespasian* with this legend, *Imperator Julius Caesar Vespasianus* *Augustus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribunitia Potestate Pater Patriae,* *Consul* VIII.
On the reverse a tall palm tree, emblem of the land of *Palestine*, the emperor standing on the left, close to the tree, with a trophy behind him; on the right, Judea under the figure of a female captive sitting on the ground, with her head resting on her hand, the elbow on her knee, weeping. Around is this legend, *Judea Capta. Senates Consulto*. However this prediction may refer proximately to the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar, I am fully of opinion that it ultimately refers to the final ruin of the Jewish state by the Romans. And so it has been understood by the general run of the best and most learned interpreters and critics.

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