---
title: "Clarke"
description: "Verse Joel 2:1. Blow ye the trumpet in Zion — This verse also shows that the temple was still standing. All assemblies of the people were collected by the"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/clarkes-commentary/joel/2"
---

Verse [Joel 2:1](../../../kjv/joel/2/1). ***Blow ye the trumpet in Zion*** — This verse also shows that the temple was still standing. All assemblies of the people were collected by the sound of the *trumpet*.
***The day of the Lord cometh*** — This phrase generally means a day of judgment or punishment.

Verse [Joel 2:2](../../../kjv/joel/2/2). ***A day of darkness, c.*** — The depredations of the locusts are described from the *second* to the *eleventh* verse, and their destruction in the *twentieth*. Dr. *Shaw*, who saw locusts in Barbary in 1724 and 1725, thus describes them: -
"I never observed the *mantes*, bald *locusts*, to be gregarious. But the *locusts*, properly so called, which are so frequently mentioned by *sacred* as well as *profane* writers, are sometimes so beyond expression. Those which I saw in 1724 and 1725 were much bigger than our common grasshopper and had brown spotted wings, with legs and bodies of a bright yellow. Their first appearance was toward the latter end of *March*, the wind having been for some time south. In the middle of *April* their numbers were so vastly increased that, in the heat of the day, they formed themselves into large and numerous swarms; flew in the air like a succession of clouds; and, as the prophet Joel expresses it, ([Joel 2:10](../../../kjv/joel/2/10)) they darkened the sun. When the wind blew briskly, so that these swarms were crowded by others, or thrown one upon another, we had a lively idea of that comparison of the psalmist, ([Psalms 109:23](../../../kjv/psalms/109/23),) of being 'tossed up and down as the locust.' In the month of *May*, when the ovaries of those insects were ripe and turgid, each of these swarms began gradually to disappear; and retired into the *Mettijiah*, and other adjacent plains, where they deposited their eggs. These were no sooner hatched in *June*, than each of these broods collected itself into a compact body of a furlong or more in square; and, marching immediately forward in the direction of the sea, they let nothing escape them; eating up every thing that was green and juicy, not only the lesser kinds of vegetables, but the *vine* likewise; the *fig tree*, the *pomegranate*, the *palm*, and the *apple tree, even all the trees of the field*, [Joel 1:12](../../../kjv/joel/1/12); in doing which *they kept their ranks like men of war*; climbing over, as they advanced, every tree or wall that was in their way. Nay, they entered into our very houses and bedchambers, like *so many* *thieves*. The inhabitants, to stop their progress, made a variety of pits and trenches all over their fields and gardens, which they fined with water; or else they heaped up in them heath, stubble, and such like combustible matter, which were severally set on fire upon the approach of the *locusts*. But this was all to no purpose, for the trenches were quickly filled up, and the fires extinguished, by infinite swarms succeeding one another; while the front was regardless of danger, and the rear pressed on so close, that a retreat was altogether impossible. A day or two after one of these broods was in motion, others were already hatched to march and glean after them; gnawing off the very bark, and the young branches, of such trees as had before escaped with the loss only of their fruit and foliage. So justly have they been compared by the prophet *Joel* ([Joel 2:3](../../../kjv/joel/2/3)) to *a great army*; who further observes, that 'the land is as the garden of Eden before them and behind them a desolate wilderness.'
"Having lived near a month in this manner (like a μυριοστομον ξιφος, or *sword with ten thousand edges*, to which they have been compared,) upon the ruin and destruction of every vegetable substance which came in their way, they arrived at their full growth, and threw old their *nympha* state by casting their outward skin. To prepare themselves for this change, they clung by their hinder feet to some bush, twig, or corner of a stone; and immediately, by using an undulating motion, their heads would first break out, and then the rest of their bodies. The whole transformation was performed in seven or eight minutes, after which they lay for a short time in a torpid and seemingly languishing condition; but as soon ad the sun and air had hardened their wings, by drying up the moisture which remained upon them, after casting their sloughs, they reassumed their former voracity, with an addition both of strength and agility. Yet they did not continue long in this state before they were entirely dispersed, as their parents were before, after they had laid their eggs; and as the direction of the marches and flights of them both was always to the northward, and not having strength, as they have sometimes had, to reach the opposite shores of *Italy, France*, or *Spain*, it is probable they perished in the sea, a grave which, according to these people, they have in common with other winged creatures." - *Travels*, 4to. edition pp. 187, 188.
***A day of darkness*** — They sometimes obscure the sun. And *Thuanus* observes of an immense crowd, that "they darkened the sun at mid-day."
***As the morning spread upon the mountains*** — They appeared suddenly: as the sun, in rising behind the mountains, *shoots his* *rays* over them. *Adanson*, in his voyage to *Senegal*, says: "Suddenly there came over our heads a thick cloud which *darkened* *the air, and deprived us or the rays of the sun*. We soon found that it was owing to a cloud of *locusts*." Some clouds of them are said to have darkened the sun for a mile, and others for the space of *twelve miles*! See on [Joel 2:10](../../../kjv/joel/2/10).

Verse [Joel 2:3](../../../kjv/joel/2/3). ***A fire devoureth before them*** — They consume like a general conflagration. "They destroy the ground, not only for the time, but burn trees for two years after." Sir *Hans Sloane*, Nat. Hist. of Jamaica, vol. i., p. 29.
***Behind them a flame burneth*** — "Wherever they feed," says *Ludolf*, in his History of Ethiopia, "their leavings seem as if *parched* *with fire*."
***Nothing shall escape them.*** — "After devouring the herbage," says *Adanson*, "with the fruits and leaves of trees, they attacked even the *buds* and the very *bark*; they did not so much as spare the *reeds with which the huts were thatched*."

Verse 4. ***The appearance of horses*** — The *head* of the locust is remarkably like that of the *horse*; and so *Ray* on Insects describes them: *Caput oblongum, equi instar, prona spectans* - "They have an oblong head, like to that of a horse, bending downward." On this account the *Italians* call them *cavaletta*, cavalry. *Bochart* remarks, from an *Arabic writer*, that the *locusts* resemble *ten* different kinds of *animals*:
1. The HORSE in its *head*.
2. The ELEPHANT in its *eyes*.
3. The BULL in its *neck*.
4. The STAG in its *horns*.
5. The LION in its *breast*.
6. The SCORPION in its *belly*.
7. The EAGLE in its *wings*.
8. The CAMEL in its *thighs*.
9. The OSTRICH in its *feet*. And
10. The SERPENT in its *tail*.
*Vid.* *Hieroz*., vol. ii., p. 475, edit. 1692.
But its most prominent resemblance is to the *horse*, which the prophet mentions; and which the *Arabic writer* puts in the *first place*, as being the *chief*.

Verse 5. ***Like the noise of chariots*** — *Bochart* also remarks: - "The locusts fly with a *great noise*, so as to be heard *six miles off*, and while they are eating the fruits of the earth, the *sound* of them is like that of a *flame driven by the wind*." - *Ibid*., p. 478.

Verse 6. ***All faces shall gather blackness.*** — Universal mourning shall take place, because they know that such a plague is irresistible.

Verse 7. ***Like mighty men-like men of war*** (*and as horsemen*, [Joel 2:4](../../../kjv/joel/2/4))] The prophet does not say *they are such*, but they *resemble*. They are *locusts*; but in their operations they are LIKE the above.
***They shall not break their ranks*** — See the account on [Joel 2:2](../../../kjv/joel/2/2), from Dr. *Shaw*.

Verse 8. ***They shall not be wounded.*** — They have hard scales like a coat of mail; but the expression refers to the *utter uselessness* of all means to prevent their depredations. *See Shaw's* account above.

Verse 10. ***The earth shall quake - the heavens shall tremble*** — Poetical expressions, to point out *universal consternation* and *distress*. The *earth quaked* to see itself deprived of its *verdure*; the *heavens trembled* to find themselves deprived of their *light*.
***The sun and the moon shall be dark*** — *Bochart* relates that "their multitude is sometimes so immense as to obscure the heavens for the space of *twelve miles*!" - *Ibid*. p. 479.

Verse 11. ***The Lord shall utter his voice*** — Such a *mighty force* seems as if summoned by the Almighty, and the noise they make in coming announces their approach, while yet afar off.

Verse 12. ***Turn ye*****even*****to me*** — *Three means* of turning are recommended: *Fasting, weeping, mourning*, i.e., *continued sorrow*.

Verse 13. ***Rend your heart*** — Let it not be merely a rending of your *garments*, but let your *hearts* be truly contrite. Merely *external* worship and *hypocritical pretensions* will only increase the evil, and cause God to meet you with heavier judgments.
***For he*****is*****gracious*** — Good and benevolent in his own nature.
***Merciful*** — Pitying and forgiving, as the effect of *goodness* and *benevolence*.
***Slow to anger*** — He is not easily provoked to punish, because he is *gracious* and *merciful*.
***Of great kindness*** — Exuberant goodness to all them that return to him.
***And repenteth him of the evil.*** — Is ever ready to *change* his *purpose* to *destroy*, when he finds the culprit willing to be *saved*. [Exodus 34:6](../../../kjv/exodus/34/6); *"*[Exodus 34:7](../../../kjv/exodus/34/7)*"*.

Verse 14. ***Who knoweth*****if*****he will return*** — He may yet interpose and turn aside the calamity threatened, and so far preserve the land from these ravagers, that there will be food for *men* and *cattle*, and a sufficiency of *offerings* for the temple service. Therefore --

Verse 15. ***Blow the trumpet*** — Let no time be lost, let the alarm be sounded.

Verse 16. ***Gather the children*** — Let all share in the humiliation, for all must feel the judgment, should it come. Let no *state* nor *condition* among the people be exempted. The *elders*, the *young* *persons*, the *infants*, the *bridegroom*, and the *bride*; let all leave their houses, and go to the temple of God.

Verse 17. ***Let the priests - weep between the porch and the altar*** — The altar of burnt-offerings stood before the porch of the temple, [2 Chronicles 8:12](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/8/12), and between them there was an open space of *fifteen* or *twenty* cubits. It was there that the priests prostrated themselves on such occasions. It was into this place that the priests brought the *sacrifice* or *victim of atonement*; and where the high priest laid his hands on the head of the victim confessing his sins.
***Let them say*** — The following was the form to be used on this occasion, "Spare thy people," &c. And if this be done with a rent heart, &c., "then will the Lord be jealous for his land, and pity his people," [Joel 2:18](../../../kjv/joel/2/18). He will surely save, if ye seriously return to and penitently seek him.

Verse 19. ***Yea, the Lord will answer*** — It is not a *peradventure*; it will *surely* be done; if ye seek God as *commanded*, ye will find him as *promised*.
***I will send you corn and wine*** — He will either prevent the *total* ravaging of the land, or so bless it with extraordinary *vegetable* *strength*, that ye shall have plentiful crops.

Verse 20. ***I will remove far off from you the northern*****army**] "That is, the *locusts*; which might enter Judea by the *north*, as Circassia and Mingrelia abound with them. Or the locusts may be thus called, because they spread terror like the *Assyrian* armies, which entered Judea by the *north*. See [Zephaniah 2:13](../../../kjv/zephaniah/2/13)." - *Newcome*. Syria, which was *northward* of Judea, was infested with them; and it must have been a *northern* wind that brought them into Judea, in the time of *Joel*; as God promises to *change* this wind, and carry them into a *barren and desolate land*, Arabia Deserta. "And his face toward the east sea," i.e., the *Dead Sea*, which lay *eastward* of Jerusalem. "His hinder part toward the utmost sea," the *western sea*, i.e., the *Mediterranean*.
***And his stink shall come up*** — After having been drowned by millions in the Mediterranean, the reflux of the tide has often brought them back, and thrown there in heaps upon the shore, where they putrefied in such a manner as to infect the air and produce pestilence, by which both *men* and *cattle* have died in great multitudes. See *Bochart*, Hieroz., vol. ii., p. 481.
*Livy*, and St. *Augustine* after him, relate that there was such an immense crowd of locusts in Africa that, having eaten up every green thing, a wind arose that carried them into the sea, where they perished; but being cast upon the shore, they putrefied, and bred such a *pestilence*, that *eighty thousand* men died of it in the kingdom of *Massinissa*, and *thirty thousand* in the garrison of *Utica*, in which only *ten* remained alive. See *Calmet* and *Livy*, lib. xc., and *August. De Civitate Dei*, lib. iv., c. 31. We have many testimonies of a similar kind.
***Because he hath done great things*** — Or, כי *ki, although* he have done great things, or, *after* he has done them, i.e., in almost destroying the whole country.

Verse 21. ***Fear not - for the Lord will do great things.*** — The words are *repeated* from the preceding verse; Jehovah will do great things in *driving them away*, and supernaturally restoring the land to fertility.

Verse 23. ***The former rain moderately*** — המורה לצדקה *hammoreh* *litsedakah*, "the former rain in righteousness," that is, in *due* *time* and in *just proportion*. This rain fell after *autumn*, the other in *spring*. See [Hosea 6:3](../../../kjv/hosea/6/3).
***In the first*****month.**] בראשון *barishon*, "as aforetime." So Bp. *Newcome*. In the month *Nisan*. - Syriac.

Verse 25. ***I will restore - the years*** — It has already been remarked that the *locusts* not only destroyed the produce of *that year*, but so completely ate up all *buds*, and *barked the trees*, that they did not recover for *some years*. Here God promises that he would either *prevent* or *remedy* that evil; for he would *restore the years* that the *locusts, cankerworm, caterpillar*, and *palmerworm* had eaten.

Verse 26. ***Praise the name of the Lord your God, that hath dealt**********wondrously with you*** — In so destroying this formidable enemy; and so *miraculously* restoring the land to *fertility*, after so great a devastation.

Verse 28. ***Shall come to pass afterward*** — אחרי כן *acharey ken*, "after this;" the same, says *Kimchi*, as *in the latter days*, which always refers to the *days of the Messiah*; and thus this prophecy is to be interpreted: and we have the testimony of St. Peter, [Acts 2:17](../../../kjv/acts/2/17), that this prophecy relates to *that mighty effusion of the Holy Spirit* which took place after the day of pentecost. Nor is there any evidence that such an *effusion* took place, nor such effects were produced, from the days of this prophet till the day of *pentecost*. And the *Spirit* was poured out then *upon all flesh*, that is, on people of different countries, speaking the languages of almost all the people of the earth; which intimated that these were the *first-fruits* of the conversion of all the nations of the world. For there was scarcely a tongue in the universe that was not to be found among the *Parthians, Medes, Elamites, Mesopotamians, Jews, Cappadocians*, people of *Pontus*, of *Asia, Phrygia, Pamphylia, Egypt, Libya,* *Cyrene, Rome, Crete*, and *Arabia*, who were residents at Jerusalem at that time; and on whom this mighty gift was poured out, each hearing and apprehending the truths of the Gospel, in his own language wherein he was born. Thus we have Divine authority for saying, *that* was the fulfilment of *this* prophecy by *Joel*. And the mighty and rapid spread of the Gospel of Christ in the *present* *day*, by means of the translation of the Scriptures into almost all the regular languages of the world, and the sending *missionaries* to all nations, who preach the Gospel in those tongues, are farther proofs that the great promise is in the *fullest progress* to be speedily fulfilled, even in the utmost sense of the words.
***Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy*** — Shall *preach*-exhort, pray, and instruct, so as to benefit the Church.
***Your old men shall dream dreams*** — Have my will represented to them in this way, as the others by *direct inspiration*.
***Your young men shall see visions*** — Have true representations of Divine things made upon their imaginations by the power of God; that they shall have as full an evidence of them as they could have of any thing that came to the *mind* through the medium of the *senses*.

Verse 29. ***And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids*** — The gifts of teaching and instructing men shall not be *restricted* to any one *class* or *order* of people. He shall call and qualify the men of his own choice; and shall take such out of all *ranks,* *orders, degrees*, and offices in society. And he will pour out his Spirit upon them; and they shall be endowed with all the gifts and graces necessary to convert sinners, and build up the Church of Christ on its most holy faith.
And this God *has done*, and is *still doing*. He left the *line of* *Aaron*, and took his *apostles* indiscriminately from *any tribe*. He passed by the *regular order* of the *priesthood*, and the *public* *schools* of the most celebrated doctors, and took his *evangelists* from among *fishermen, tent-makers*, and even the *Roman* *tax-gatherers*. And he, lastly, passed by the *Jewish tribes*, and took the *Gentile converts*, and made *them* preachers of righteousness to the inhabitants of the whole earth. The same practice he continues to the present day; yet he did not then pass by a man *brought up at the feet of Gamaliel*, no more than he would now a man *brought up in a celebrated seminary of learning*. He is ever free to use his *own gifts*, in his *own way*; and when *learning* is sanctified, by being *devoted to the service of God*, and the *possessor* is humble and pious, and has those *natural gifts* necessary for a *public teacher*, perhaps we might safely say, God would in many cases *prefer such*: but he will have *others*, as intimated in the prophecy, that we may see the conversion of men is not by *human might*, nor *power*, but *by the Spirit of the Lord of* *hosts*. The learned man can do nothing without his *Spirit*; the *unlearned* must have his *gifts* and *graces*, without which both their labours would be unprofitable; and thus the *excellency of* *the power is of God*, and no *flesh can glory in his presence*. See my sermon on this passage.

Verse [Joel 2:30](../../../kjv/joel/2/30). ***Wonders in the heavens and in the earth*** — This refers to those dreadful sights, dreadful portents, and destructive commotion, by which the Jewish polity was finally overthrown, and the Christian religion established in the Roman empire. See how our Lord applies this prophecy, [Matthew 24:29](../../../kjv/matthew/24/29), and the parallel texts.

Verse [Joel 2:31](../../../kjv/joel/2/31). ***The sun shall be turned into darkness*** — The Jewish polity, civil and ecclesiastical, shall be entirely destroyed.
***Before the great and the terrible day of the Lord come.*** — In the taking and sacking of Jerusalem, and burning of the temple, by the Romans, under *Titus*, the son of Vespasian. This was, perhaps, the *greatest* and most *terrible day* of God's vengeance ever shown to the world, or that ever will be shown, till the great day of the general judgment. For a full view of this subject, I wish to refer the reader to the notes on [Matthew 24:1-51](../../../kjv/matthew/24/1-51).

Verse [Joel 2:32](../../../kjv/joel/2/32). ***Whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord*** — כל אשר יקרא בשם יהוה *col asher yikra beshem Yehovah*, "All who shall *invoke* in the name of Jehovah." That CHRIST is the *Jehovah* here mentioned appears plain from [Romans 10:13-15](../../../kjv/romans/10/13-15), where the reader had better consult the notes. "This refers," says Bp. *Newcome*, "to the safety of the Christians during the Jewish and the Roman war." It may: but it has a much more extensive meaning, as the use of it by St. Paul, as above, evidently shows. *Every man who invokes* *Jehovah* for mercy and salvation *by* or *in the name, JESUS*-that very name given under heaven among men for this purpose-*shall be* *saved*. Nor is there salvation in any other; and those who reject *him* had better lay these things to heart before it be too late.
***For in Mount Zion and in Jerusalem*** — Our blessed Lord first began to preach the Gospel in *Mount Zion*, in the *temple*, and throughout *Jerusalem*. *There* he formed his Church, and *thence* he sent his apostles and evangelists to every part of the globe: "Go ye into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature." Of the Jews there was but a *remnant*, a very small number, that received the doctrine of the Gospel, here termed the remnant that the Lord should call; קרא *kore, whom he calleth*. Many were called who would not obey: but those who obeyed the call were saved; and still he *delivers* those who *call upon him*; and he is still calling on men to come to him that they may be saved.

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