---
title: "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible -  1 Corinthians 2"
description: "CHAPTER 2   :-. PAUL"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/1-corinthians/2"
---

CHAPTER 2

. PAUL'S SUBJECT
OF PREACHING,
CHRIST CRUCIFIED,
NOT IN WORLDLY,
BUT IN HEAVENLY,
WISDOM AMONG THE PERFECT.

**1. And I**—"So I"
[CONYBEARE] as one of the
"foolish, weak, and despised" instruments employed by God
([1 Corinthians 1:27](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/27); [1 Corinthians 1:28](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/28));
"glorying in the Lord," not in man's wisdom ([1 Corinthians 1:28](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/28)). Compare [1 Corinthians 1:23](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/23),
"We."
**when I came**— ([1 Corinthians 1:23](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/23), c.). Paul might, had he pleased, have used an ornate style,
having studied secular learning at Tarsus of Cilicia, which STRABO
preferred as a school of learning to Athens or Alexandria here,
doubtless, he read the *Cilician* Aratus' poems (which he
quotes, [Acts 17:28](../../../kjv/acts/17/28)), and
Epimenides ([Titus 1:12](../../../kjv/titus/1/12)), and
Menander ([1 Corinthians 15:33](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/33)). Grecian
intellectual development was an important element in preparing the
way for the Gospel, but it failed to regenerate the world, showing
that for this a superhuman power is needed. Hellenistic (Grecizing)
Judaism at Tarsus and Alexandria was the connecting link between the
schools of Athens and those of the Rabbis. No more fitting birthplace
could there have been for the apostle of the Gentiles than Tarsus,
free as it was from the warping influences of Rome, Alexandria, and
Athens. He had at the same time *Roman citizenship,* which
protected him from sudden violence. Again, he was reared in the
*Hebrew divine law* at Jerusalem. Thus, as the three elements,
Greek cultivation, Roman polity ([1 Corinthians 15:33](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/33)), and the divine law given to the Jews, combined just at
Christ's time, to prepare the world for the Gospel, so the same
three, by God's marvellous providence, met together in the apostle to
the Gentiles [CONYBEARE
and HOWSON].
**testimony of God**—"the
testimony *of Christ*" ([1 Corinthians 15:33](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/33)); therefore Christ is God.

**2.** The *Greek* implies,
"The only definite thing that I made it my business to know
among you, was to know Jesus Christ (His person) and Him crucified
(His office)" [ALFORD],
not exalted on the earthly throne of David, but executed as the
vilest malefactor. The historical fact of Christ's crucifixion had
probably been put less prominently forward by the seekers after human
wisdom in the Corinthian church, to avoid offending learned heathens
and Jews. Christ's *person* and Christ's *office*
constitute the sum of the Gospel.

**3. I**—the *preacher:* as
[1 Corinthians 2:2](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/2) describes the *subject,*
"Christ crucified," and [1 Corinthians 2:2](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/2) the *mode* of preaching: "my speech . . . not with
enticing words," "but in demonstration of the Spirit."
**weakness**—personal and
bodily ([2 Corinthians 10:10](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/10/10); [2 Corinthians 12:7](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/12/7);
[2 Corinthians 12:9](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/12/9); [Galatians 4:13](../../../kjv/galatians/4/13)).
**trembling**—(compare [Galatians 4:13](../../../kjv/galatians/4/13)). Not *personal fear,* but a *trembling anxiety to
perform a duty;* anxious conscientiousness, as proved by the
contrast to "eye service" ([Galatians 4:13](../../../kjv/galatians/4/13)) [CONYBEARE and
HOWSON].

**4. my speech**—in private.
**preaching**—in public
[BENGEL]. ALFORD
explains it, *My discourse* on doctrines, and *my preaching*
or announcement of facts.
**enticing**—rather,
"persuasive."
**man's wisdom**—*man's*
is omitted in the oldest authorities. Still "wisdom" does
refer to "man's" wisdom.
**in demonstration of . . .
Spirit,** c.—*Persuasion* is man's means of moving his
fellow man. God's means is *demonstration,* leaving no doubt,
and inspiring implicit faith, by the powerful working of the Spirit
(then exhibited both outwardly by miracles, and inwardly by working
on the heart, now in the latter and the more important way only,
[Matthew 7:29](../../../kjv/matthew/7/29) [Acts 6:10](../../../kjv/acts/6/10);
[Hebrews 4:12](../../../kjv/hebrews/4/12); compare also [Hebrews 4:12](../../../kjv/hebrews/4/12)). The same simple power accompanies divine truth now,
producing certain persuasion and conversion, when the Spirit
demonstrates by it.

**5. stand in . . . wisdom of men**—rest
on it, owe its origin and continuance to it.

**6, 7.** Yet the Gospel preaching,
so far from being at variance with true "wisdom," is a
wisdom infinitely higher than that of the wise of the world.
**we speak**—resuming "we"
(preachers, I, Apollos, c.) from "we preach" (), only that here, "we speak" refers to something
less public (compare [1 Corinthians 2:7](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/7)
[1 Corinthians 2:13](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/13), "mystery . . .
hidden") than "we preach," which is public. For
"wisdom" here denotes not the whole of Christian doctrine,
but its sublimer and deeper principles.
**perfect**—Those *matured
in Christian experience and knowledge* alone can understand the
true superiority of the Christian wisdom which Paul preached.
Distinguished not only from *worldly* and *natural* men,
but also from *babes,* who though "in Christ" retain
much that is "carnal" ([1 Corinthians 3:1](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/1);
[1 Corinthians 3:2](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/2)), and cannot therefore
understand the deeper truths of Christianity ([1 Corinthians 14:20](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/14/20);
[Philippians 3:15](../../../kjv/philippians/3/15); [Hebrews 5:14](../../../kjv/hebrews/5/14)).
Paul does not mean by the "mystery" or "hidden wisdom"
([1 Corinthians 2:7](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/7)) some *hidden
tradition distinct from the Gospel* (like the Church of Rome's
*disciplina arcani* and doctrine of reserve), but the *unfolding*
of the treasures of knowledge, once hidden in God's counsels, but *now*
announced to all, which would be intelligently comprehended in
proportion as the hearer's inner life became perfectly transformed
into the image of Christ. Compare instances of such "mysteries,"
that is, deeper Christian truths, not preached at Paul's first coming
to Corinth, when he confined himself to the fundamental elements ([1 Corinthians 2:7](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/7)), but now spoken to the "perfect" ([1 Corinthians 15:51](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/51);
[Romans 11:25](../../../kjv/romans/11/25); [Ephesians 3:5](../../../kjv/ephesians/3/5);
[Ephesians 3:6](../../../kjv/ephesians/3/6)). "Perfect" is
used not of *absolute perfection,* but relatively to "babes,"
or those less ripe in Christian growth (compare [Philippians 3:12](../../../kjv/philippians/3/12);
[Philippians 3:15](../../../kjv/philippians/3/15); [1 John 2:12-14](../../../kjv/1-john/2/12-14)).
"God" ([1 Corinthians 2:7](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/7)) is
opposed to the world, the apostles to "the princes [great and
learned men] of this world" ([1 Corinthians 2:7](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/7); compare [1 Corinthians 1:20](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/20))
[BENGEL].
**come to naught**—nothingness
([1 Corinthians 1:28](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/28)). They are transient,
not immortal. Therefore, their wisdom is not real [BENGEL].
Rather, translate with ALFORD,
"Which *are being brought* to naught," namely, by
God's choosing the "things which are not (the *weak and
despised things of the Gospel*), to bring to naught (the same verb
as here) things that are" ([1 Corinthians 1:28](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/28)).

**7. wisdom of God**—emphatically
contrasted with the wisdom *of men* and *of this world*
([1 Corinthians 2:5](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/5); [1 Corinthians 2:6](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/6)).
**in a mystery**—connected
in construction with "we speak": We speak as dealing with a
mystery; that is not something *to be kept hidden,* but what
heretofore was so, but is *now revealed.* Whereas the pagan
mysteries were revealed only to a chosen few, the Gospel mysteries
were made known to all who would obey the truth. "If our Gospel
be *hid,* it is hid to them that are *lost*" ([1 Corinthians 2:6](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/6)), "whom the God of this world hath *blinded.*"
Ordinarily we use "mystery" in reference to those from whom
the knowledge is *withheld;* the apostles, in reference to those
to whom it is *revealed* [WHATELY].
It is hidden before it is brought forward, and when it is brought
forward it still remains hidden to those that are imperfect [BENGEL].
**ordained**—literally,
"foreordained" (compare [1 Corinthians 2:6](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/6)), "prepared for them that love Him."
**before the world**—rather,
"before *the ages*" (of time), that is, from eternity.
This infinitely antedates worldly wisdom in antiquity. It was before
not only the wisdom of the world, but eternally before the world
itself and its ages.
**to our glory**—ours both
now and hereafter, from "the Lord of *glory*" ([1 Corinthians 2:6](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/6)), who *brings to naught* "the princes of this
world."

**8. Which**—wisdom. The strongest
proof of the natural man's destitution of heavenly wisdom.
**crucified . . . Lord of
glory**—implying the inseparable connection of Christ's humanity
and His divinity. The Lord of glory (which He had in His own right
before the world was, [John 17:4](../../../kjv/john/17/4);
[John 17:24](../../../kjv/john/17/24)) was crucified.

**9. But**—(it has happened) as it
is written.
**Eye hath not seen,**
c.—ALFORD translates,
"The things which eye saw not . . . the things which God
prepared . . . to us God revealed through His Spirit." Thus,
however, the "but" of is ignored. Rather construe, as ESTIUS,
"('We speak,' supplied from ), things which eye saw not (heretofore), . . . things which
God prepared . . . But God revealed them to us," &c. The
quotation is not a verbatim one, but an inspired *exposition* of
the "wisdom" ([1 Corinthians 2:6](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/6),
from [Isaiah 64:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/64/4)). The exceptive
words, "O God, *beside* (that is, except) Thee," are
not quoted directly, but are virtually expressed in the exposition of
them ([1 Corinthians 2:10](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/10)), "None *but
thou,* O God, seest these mysteries, and *God hath revealed them
to us by His Spirit.*"
**entered**—literally,
"come up into the heart." A Hebraism (compare, [1 Corinthians 2:10](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/10), *Margin*). In [1 Corinthians 2:10](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/10) it is "Prepared (literally, 'will do') for him that
*waiteth for* Him" here, "for them that *love*
Him." For Isaiah spake to them who *waited for* Messiah's
appearance as future; Paul, to them *who love Him* as having
actually appeared ([1 John 4:19](../../../kjv/1-john/4/19));
compare [1 Corinthians 2:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/12), "the
things that are freely given to us of God"

**10. revealed . . . by . . .
Spirit**—The inspiration of thoughts (so far as truth essential
to salvation is concerned) makes the *Christian* ([1 Corinthians 3:16](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/16);
[1 Corinthians 12:3](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/12/3); [Matthew 16:17](../../../kjv/matthew/16/17);
[John 16:13](../../../kjv/john/16/13); [1 John 2:20](../../../kjv/1-john/2/20);
[1 John 2:27](../../../kjv/1-john/2/27)); that of *words,*
the PROPHET ([2 Samuel 23:1](../../../kjv/2-samuel/23/1);
[2 Samuel 23:2](../../../kjv/2-samuel/23/2); [1 Kings 13:1](../../../kjv/1-kings/13/1);
[1 Kings 13:5](../../../kjv/1-kings/13/5)), "by the *word*
of the Lord" ([1 Corinthians 2:13](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/13);
[John 20:30](../../../kjv/john/20/30); [John 20:31](../../../kjv/john/20/31);
[2 Peter 1:21](../../../kjv/2-peter/1/21)). The secrets of
revelation are secret to some, not because those who know them will
not reveal them (for indeed, the very notion of *revelation*
implies an unveiling of what had been veiled), but because those to
whom they are announced have not the will or power to comprehend
them. Hence the Spirit-taught alone know these secrets ([Psalms 25:14](../../../kjv/psalms/25/14);
[Proverbs 3:32](../../../kjv/proverbs/3/32); [John 7:17](../../../kjv/john/7/17);
[John 15:15](../../../kjv/john/15/15)).
**unto us**—the "perfect"
or fully matured in Christian experience ([John 15:15](../../../kjv/john/15/15)). Intelligent men may understand the outline of doctrines;
but without the Holy Spirit's revelation to the heart, these will be
to them a mere outline—a skeleton, correct perhaps, but wanting
life [WHATLEY, *Cautions
for the Times,* 14], ([John 15:15](../../../kjv/john/15/15)).
**the Spirit searcheth**—working
in us and with our spirits (compare [Romans 8:16](../../../kjv/romans/8/16);
[Romans 8:26](../../../kjv/romans/8/26); [Romans 8:27](../../../kjv/romans/8/27)).
The Old Testament shows us God (the Father) for us. The Gospels, God
(the Son) with us. The Acts and Epistles, God (the Holy Ghost) in us
[MONOD], ([Romans 8:27](../../../kjv/romans/8/27)).
**deep things of God**— ([Romans 8:27](../../../kjv/romans/8/27)). His divine nature, attributes, and counsels. The Spirit
delights to explore the infinite depths of His own divine mind, and
then reveal them to us, according as we are capable of understanding
them ([Deuteronomy 29:29](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/29/29)). This proves
the personality and Godhead of the Holy Ghost. Godhead cannot be
separated from the Spirit of God, as manhood cannot be separated from
the Spirit of man [BENGEL].

**11. what man,** &c.—literally,
"who of *men* knoweth the things of a *man,* save the
spirit of that man?"
**things of God knoweth no
man**—rather, "*none* knoweth," not angel or man.
This proves the impossibility of any knowing the things of God, save
by the Spirit of God (who alone knows them, since even in the case of
man, so infinitely inferior in mind to God, none of his fellow men,
but his own spirit alone knows the things hidden within him).

**12. we . . . received, not . . .
spirit of . . . world**—the personal evil "spirit that now
worketh in the children of disobedience" (). This spirit is natural in the unregenerate, and needs not
to be *received.*
**Spirit which is of God**—that
is, which comes from God. We have received it only by the *gift*
of God, whose Spirit it is, whereas our own spirit is the spirit that
is in us men ([1 Corinthians 2:11](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/11)).
**that we might know . . .
things . . . freely given . . . of God**—present experimental
knowledge, to our unspeakable comfort, of His deep mysteries of
wisdom, and of our future possession of the good "things which
God hath prepared for them that love Him" ([1 Corinthians 2:11](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/11)).

**13. also**—We not only *know*
by the Holy Ghost, but *we also speak* the "things freely
given to us of God" ().
**which the Holy Ghost
teacheth**—The old manuscripts read "the Spirit"
simply, without "Holy."
**comparing spiritual things
with spiritual**—expounding the Spirit-inspired Old Testament
Scripture, by comparison with the Gospel which Jesus by the same
Spirit revealed [GROTIUS];
and conversely illustrating the Gospel mysteries by comparing them
with the Old Testament types [CHRYSOSTOM].
So the *Greek* word is translated, "comparing" (). WAHL (*Key
of the New Testament*) translates, "*explaining* (as the
*Greek* is translated, [Genesis 40:8](../../../kjv/genesis/40/8),
the *Septuagint*) to spiritual (that is, Spirit-taught) men,
spiritual things (the things which we ourselves are taught by the
Spirit)." Spirit-taught men alone can comprehend spiritual
truths. This accords with [1 Corinthians 2:6](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/6);
[1 Corinthians 2:9](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/9); [1 Corinthians 2:10](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/10);
[1 Corinthians 2:14](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/14); [1 Corinthians 2:15](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/15);
[1 Corinthians 3:1](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/1). ALFORD
translates, "Putting together (combining) spirituals with
spirituals"; that is, attaching spiritual *words* to
spiritual *things,* which we should not do, if we were to use
words of worldly wisdom to expound spiritual things (so [1 Corinthians 2:1](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/1);
[1 Corinthians 2:4](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/4); [1 Peter 4:11](../../../kjv/1-peter/4/11)).
Perhaps the generality of the neuters is designed to comprehend these
several notions by implication. Comparing, or combining, spirituals
with spirituals; implying both that spiritual things are only suited
to spiritual persons (so "things" comprehended *persons,*
[1 Corinthians 1:27](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/27)), and also that
spiritual truths can only be combined with spiritual (not
worldly-wise) words; and lastly, spirituals of the Old and New
Testaments can only be understood by mutual comparison or
combination, not by combination with worldly "wisdom," or
natural perceptions ([1 Corinthians 1:21](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/21);
[1 Corinthians 1:22](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/22); [1 Corinthians 2:1](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/1);
[1 Corinthians 2:4-9](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/4-9); compare [1 Corinthians 2:4-46](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/4-46)).

**14. natural man**—literally, "a
man of animal soul." As contrasted with the *spiritual*
man, he is governed by the animal soul, which overbears his *spirit,*
which latter is without the Spirit of God (). So the *animal* (*English Version,* "natural")
body, or body led by the lower animal nature (including both the mere
human fallen *reason* and *heart*), is contrasted with the
Spirit-quickened body (). The *carnal* man (the man led by bodily
appetites, and also by a self-exalting spirit, estranged from the
divine life) is closely akin; so too the "earthly."
"Devilish," or "demon-like"; "led by an evil
spirit," is the awful character of such a one, in its worst type
([James 3:15](../../../kjv/james/3/15)).
**receiveth not**—though
they are offered to him, and are "worthy of being *received*
by all men" ([1 Timothy 1:15](../../../kjv/1-timothy/1/15)).
**they are foolishness unto
him**—whereas he seeks "wisdom" ([1 Timothy 1:15](../../../kjv/1-timothy/1/15)).
**neither can he**—Not only
*does* he not, but he *cannot* know them, and therefore has
no wish to "receive" them ([1 Timothy 1:15](../../../kjv/1-timothy/1/15)).

**15. He that is spiritual**—literally,
"*the* spiritual (man)." In , it is "*A* [not '*the,*' as *English
Version*] natural man." *The spiritual* is *the*
man distinguished above his fellow men, as he in whom the Spirit
rules. In the unregenerate, the spirit which ought to be the organ of
the Holy Spirit (and which is so in the regenerate), is overridden by
the animal soul, and is in abeyance, so that such a one is never
called "spiritual."
**judgeth all things**—and
persons, by their true standard (compare [1 Corinthians 6:2-4](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/6/2-4);
[1 John 4:1](../../../kjv/1-john/4/1)), in so far as he is
spiritual. "Discerneth . . . is discerned," would better
accord with the translation of the same *Greek* ([1 John 4:1](../../../kjv/1-john/4/1)). Otherwise for "discerned," in [1 John 4:1](../../../kjv/1-john/4/1), translate, "judged of," to accord with the
translation, "judgeth . . . is judged" in this fifteenth
verse. He has a practical insight into the verities of the Gospel,
though he is not infallible on all theoretical points. If an
individual may have the Spirit without being infallible, why may not
the Church have the Spirit, and yet not be infallible (a refutation
of the plea of Rome for the Church's infallibility, from [Matthew 28:20](../../../kjv/matthew/28/20);
[John 16:13](../../../kjv/john/16/13))? As the believer and
the Church have the Spirit, and are yet not therefore impeccable, so
he and the Church have the Spirit, and yet are not infallible or
impeccable. He and the Church are both infallible and impeccable,
only in proportion to the *degree* in which they are led by the
Spirit. The Spirit leads into all truth and holiness; but His
influence on believers and on the Church is as yet partial. Jesus
alone, who had the Spirit without measure ([John 16:13](../../../kjv/john/16/13)), is both infallible and impeccable. Scripture, because it
was written by men, who while writing were infallibly inspired, is
unmixed truth ([Proverbs 28:5](../../../kjv/proverbs/28/5); [1 John 2:27](../../../kjv/1-john/2/27)).

**16. For**—proof of , that the spiritual man "is judged of no man." In
order to judge the spiritual man, the ordinary man must "know
the mind of the Lord." But "who of ordinary men knows"
that?
**that he may instruct him**—that
is, so as to be able to set Him right as His counsellor (quoted from
[Isaiah 40:13](../../../kjv/isaiah/40/13); [Isaiah 40:14](../../../kjv/isaiah/40/14)).
So the *Septuagint* translates the *Greek* verb, which
means to "prove," in [Isaiah 40:14](../../../kjv/isaiah/40/14). Natural men who judge spiritual men, living according to
the mind of God ("We have the mind of Christ"), are
virtually wishing to instruct God, and bring Him to another mind, as
counsellors setting to right their king.
**we have the mind of Christ**—in
our degree of capability to apprehend it. [Isaiah 40:13](../../../kjv/isaiah/40/13);
[Isaiah 40:14](../../../kjv/isaiah/40/14) refers to JEHOVAH:
therefore, as it is applied here to *Christ,* He is Jehovah.

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