---
title: "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible -  1 Corinthians 3"
description: "CHAPTER 3   :-. PAUL COULD
NOT SPEAK
TO THEM OF DEEP
SPIRITUAL TRUTHS,
AS THEY WERE
CARNAL, CONTENDING
FOR THEIR SEVERAL
TEACHERS; THESE
ARE NOTHING
BUT W"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/1-corinthians/3"
---

CHAPTER 3

. PAUL COULD
NOT SPEAK
TO THEM OF DEEP
SPIRITUAL TRUTHS,
AS THEY WERE
CARNAL, CONTENDING
FOR THEIR SEVERAL
TEACHERS; THESE
ARE NOTHING
BUT WORKERS FOR
GOD, TO WHOM
THEY MUST
GIVE ACCOUNT
IN THE DAY OF FIERY
JUDGMENT. THE
HEARERS ARE
GOD'S TEMPLE,
WHICH THEY
MUST NOT
DEFILE BY CONTENTIONS
FOR TEACHERS, WHO,
AS WELL AS ALL
THINGS, ARE
THEIRS, BEING
CHRIST'S.

**1. And I**—that is, as the
natural (animal) man cannot receive, so *I also could not speak
unto you* the deep things of God, *as* I would *to the
spiritual; but* I was compelled to speak to you *as* I would
*to* MEN OF FLESH.
The oldest manuscripts read this for "carnal." The former
(literally, "fleshy") implies men wholly *of flesh,*
or *natural. Carnal,* or *fleshly,* implies not they were
*wholly natural* or unregenerate (), but that they had much of a *carnal tendency;* for
example their divisions. Paul had to speak to them as he would to men
*wholly natural,* inasmuch as they are *still carnal* () in many respects, notwithstanding their conversion ().
**babes**—contrasted with
the *perfect* (fully matured) *in Christ* (; compare [Hebrews 5:13](../../../kjv/hebrews/5/13);
[Hebrews 5:14](../../../kjv/hebrews/5/14)). This implies they were
not men wholly *of flesh,* though carnal in tendencies. They had
life in Christ, but it was weak. He blames them for being still in a
degree (not *altogether,* compare [1 Corinthians 1:5](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/5);
[1 Corinthians 1:7](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/7); therefore he says *as*)
*babes* in Christ, when by this time they ought to have "come
unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of
Christ" ([Ephesians 4:13](../../../kjv/ephesians/4/13)). In [Ephesians 4:13](../../../kjv/ephesians/4/13), also the oldest manuscripts read, "I am a man *of
flesh.*"

**2.** ().
**milk**—the elementary
"principles of the doctrine of Christ."

**3. envying**—jealousy, *rivalry.*
As this refers to their *feelings,* "strife" refers to
their *words,* and "divisions" to their *actions*
[BENGEL]. There is a
gradation, or ascending climax: *envying* had produced *strife,*
and strife *divisions* (factious parties) [GROTIUS].
His language becomes severer now as He proceeds; in he had only said "contentions," he now multiplies
the words (compare the stronger term, , than in [1 Corinthians 3:21](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/21)).
**carnal**—For "strife"
is a "work of the flesh" ([1 Corinthians 3:21](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/21)). The "flesh" includes all feelings that aim not
at the glory of God, and the good of our neighbor, but at gratifying
self.
**walk as men**—as
unregenerate men (compare [1 Corinthians 3:21](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/21)). "After the flesh, not after the Spirit" of God,
as becomes you as regenerate by the Spirit ([Romans 8:4](../../../kjv/romans/8/4);
[Galatians 5:25](../../../kjv/galatians/5/25); [Galatians 5:26](../../../kjv/galatians/5/26)).

**4.** ().
**are ye not carnal**—The
oldest manuscripts read, "Are ye not *men?*" that is,
"walking as men" unregenerate ().

**5. Who then**—Seeing then that
ye severally strive so for your favorite teachers, "Who is (of
what intrinsic power and dignity) Paul?" If so great an apostle
reasons so of himself, how much more does humility, rather than
self-seeking, become ordinary ministers!
**Paul . . . Apollos**—The
oldest manuscripts read in the reverse order, "Apollos," c.
Paul." He puts Apollos before himself in humility.
**but ministers,** &c.—The
oldest manuscripts have no "but." "Who is Apollos . .
. Paul? (mere) ministers (a lowly word appropriate here, *servants*),
by whom (not "*in whom*" *by whose ministrations*)
ye believed."
**as . . . Lord gave to every
man**—that is, to the several hearers, for it was GOD
that "gave the increase" ().

**6. I . . . planted, Apollos watered**—
([Acts 18:1](../../../kjv/acts/18/1); [Acts 19:1](../../../kjv/acts/19/1)).
Apollos at his own desire ([Acts 19:1](../../../kjv/acts/19/1)) was sent by the brethren to Corinth, and there followed up
the work which Paul had begun.
**God gave the increase**—that
is, the growth ([1 Corinthians 3:10](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/10);
[Acts 18:27](../../../kjv/acts/18/27)). "Believed
through *grace.*" Though ministers are nothing, and God all
in all, yet God works by instruments, and promises the Holy Spirit in
the faithful use of means. This is the dispensation of the Spirit,
and ours is the ministry of the Spirit.

**7. neither is he that . . . anything
. . . but God**—namely, is all in all. "God" is
emphatically last in the *Greek,* "He that giveth the
increase (namely), GOD."
Here follows a parenthesis, , where "Let no man glory in men" stands in
antithetic contrast to "God" here.

**8. one**—essentially in their
aim they are *one,* engaged in one and the same ministry;
therefore they ought not to be made by you the occasion of forming
separate parties.
**and every man**—rather
"*but* every man." Though in their service or
ministry, they are essentially "one," yet every minister is
separately responsible in "*his own*" work, and "shall
receive *his own* (emphatically repeated) reward, according to
*his own* labor." The *reward* is something over and
above personal salvation ([1 Corinthians 3:14](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/14);
[1 Corinthians 3:15](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/15); [2 John 1:8](../../../kjv/2-john/1/8)).
He shall be rewarded according to, not his success or the amount of
work done, but "according to his own labor." It shall be
said to him, "Well done, thou good and (not *successful,*
but) *faithful* servant, enter thou into the joy of thy Lord"
([Matthew 25:23](../../../kjv/matthew/25/23)).

**9.** Translate, as the *Greek*
collocation of words, and the emphasis on "God" thrice
repeated, requires, "For (in proof that "each shall receive
reward according to his own labor," namely, from God) it is of
God that we are the fellow workers (laboring *with,* but *under,*
and *belonging* to Him as His servants, [2 Corinthians 5:20](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/5/20);
[2 Corinthians 6:1](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/6/1); compare [2 Corinthians 6:1](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/6/1); see on [2 Corinthians 6:1](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/6/1)) of God
that ye are the field (or tillage), of God that ye are the building"
[ALFORD]. "Building"
is a new image introduced here, as suited better than that of
husbandry, to set forth the different kinds of teaching and their
results, which he is now about to discuss. "To edify" or
"build up" the Church of Christ is similarly used ([Ephesians 2:21](../../../kjv/ephesians/2/21);
[Ephesians 2:22](../../../kjv/ephesians/2/22); [Ephesians 4:29](../../../kjv/ephesians/4/29)).

**10. grace . . . given unto me**—Paul
puts this first, to guard against seeming to want humility, in
pronouncing himself "a WISE
master builder," in the clause following [CHRYSOSTOM].
The "grace" is that "given" to him in common with
all Christians ([1 Corinthians 3:5](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/5)), only
proportioned to the work which God had for him to do [ALFORD].
**wise**—that is, skilful.
His *skill* is shown in his *laying a foundation.* The
unskilful builder lays none ([1 Corinthians 3:5](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/5)). Christ is the foundation ([1 Corinthians 3:5](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/5)).
**another**—who ever comes
after me. He does not name *Apollos;* for he speaks generally of
*all successors,* whoever they be. His warning, "Let every
man (every *teacher*) take heed how," c., refers to other
successors rather than Apollos, who doubtless did not, as they, build
wood, hay, &c., on the foundation (compare [1 Corinthians 3:5](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/5)). "I have done my part, let them who follow me see (so
the *Greek* for 'take heed') to theirs" [BENGEL].
**how**—with what material
[ALFORD]. How far *wisely,*
and in builder-like style ([1 Corinthians 3:5](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/5)).
**buildeth thereupon**—Here
the *building* or *superstructure* raised *on* Christ
the "foundation," laid by Paul ([1 Corinthians 3:5](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/5)) is not, as in [Ephesians 2:20](../../../kjv/ephesians/2/20)
[Ephesians 2:21](../../../kjv/ephesians/2/21), the Christian Church
made up of believers, the "lively stones" ([Ephesians 2:21](../../../kjv/ephesians/2/21)), but *the doctrinal and practical teaching* which the
teachers who succeeded Paul, superadded to his first teaching; not
that they taught what was false, but their teaching was subtle and
speculative reasoning, rather than solid and simple truth.

**11.** ([Isaiah 28:16](../../../kjv/isaiah/28/16);
[Acts 4:12](../../../kjv/acts/4/12); [Ephesians 2:20](../../../kjv/ephesians/2/20)).
**For**—my warning ("take
heed," c. [1 Corinthians 3:10](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/10)) is as
to the superstructure ("buildeth *thereupon*"), not as
to *the foundation:* "For other *foundation* can no
man lay, than that which has (already) been laid (by God) Jesus
Christ," the person, not the mere abstract doctrine about Him,
though the latter also is included *Jesus,* GOD-SAVIOUR;
*Christ,* MESSIAH or
ANOINTED.
**can**—A man *can*
not lay any other, since the only one recognized by God has been
already laid.

**12. Now**—rather, "But."
The image is that of a building on a solid foundation, and partly
composed of durable and precious, partly of perishable, materials.
The "gold, silver, precious stones," which all can
withstand fire ([Revelation 21:18](../../../kjv/revelation/21/18);
[Revelation 21:19](../../../kjv/revelation/21/19)), are *teachings*
that will stand the fiery test of judgment; "wood, hay,
stubble," are those which cannot stand it; not positive heresy,
for that would destroy the foundation, but teaching mixed up with
human philosophy and Judaism, curious rather than useful. Besides the
*teachings,* the superstructure represents also the *persons*
cemented to the Church by them, the reality of whose conversion,
through the teachers' instrumentality, will be tested at the last
day. Where there is the least grain of real gold of faith, it shall
never be lost ([1 Peter 1:7](../../../kjv/1-peter/1/7); compare
[1 Corinthians 4:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/4/12)). On the other hand,
the lightest straw feeds the fire [BENGEL]
([Matthew 5:19](../../../kjv/matthew/5/19)).

**13. Every man's work**—each
teacher's superstructure on the foundation.
**the day**—of the Lord
([1 Corinthians 1:8](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/8); [Hebrews 10:25](../../../kjv/hebrews/10/25);
[1 Thessalonians 5:4](../../../kjv/1-thessalonians/5/4)). The article is
emphatic, "*The* day," that is, the great day of days,
the long expected day.
**declare it**—*old*
English for "make it clear" ([1 Thessalonians 5:4](../../../kjv/1-thessalonians/5/4)).
**it shall be revealed by
fire**—it, that is, "every man's work." Rather, "*He,*"
the Lord, whose day it is ([2 Thessalonians 1:7](../../../kjv/2-thessalonians/1/7);
[2 Thessalonians 1:8](../../../kjv/2-thessalonians/1/8)). Translate literally,
"*is being revealed* (the present in the *Greek*
implies the *certainty* and *nearness* of the event,
[Revelation 22:10](../../../kjv/revelation/22/10); [Revelation 22:20](../../../kjv/revelation/22/20))
in fire" ([Malachi 3:3](../../../kjv/malachi/3/3); [Malachi 4:1](../../../kjv/malachi/4/1)).
The *fire* (probably *figurative* here, as the *gold,
hay,* c.) is not *purgatory* (as Rome teaches, that is,
*purificatory* and *punitive*), but *probatory,* not
restricted to those dying in "venial sin" the supposed
*intermediate class* between those entering heaven at once, and
those dying in mortal sin who go to hell, but *universal,*
testing the godly and ungodly alike ([Malachi 4:1](../../../kjv/malachi/4/1); compare [Mark 9:49](../../../kjv/mark/9/49)).
This fire is not till the *last* day, the supposed fire of
purgatory begins *at death.* The fire of Paul is to try the
*works,* the fire of purgatory the *persons,* of men.
Paul's fire causes "loss" to the sufferers; Rome's
purgatory, great gain, namely, heaven at last to those purged by it,
if only it were true. Thus this passage, quoted by Rome for, is
altogether against, purgatory. "It was not this doctrine that
gave rise to prayers for the dead; but the practice of praying for
the dead [which crept in from the affectionate but mistaken
solicitude of survivors] gave rise to the doctrine" [WHATELY].

**14. abide**—abide the testing
fire ([Matthew 3:11](../../../kjv/matthew/3/11); [Matthew 3:12](../../../kjv/matthew/3/12)).
**which he hath built
thereupon**—which he built *on the foundation.*
**reward**—*wages,* as
a builder, that is, teacher. His converts built on Christ the
foundation, through his faithful teaching, shall be his "crown
of rejoicing" ([2 Corinthians 1:14](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/1/14);
[Philippians 2:16](../../../kjv/philippians/2/16); [1 Thessalonians 2:19](../../../kjv/1-thessalonians/2/19)).

**15. If . . . be burnt**—if any
*teacher's* work consist of such materials as the fire will
destroy [ALFORD].
**suffer loss**—that is,
forfeit the special "reward"; not that he shall lose
salvation (which is altogether a *free gift,* not a "reward"
or wages), for he remains still on the foundation ([1 Corinthians 3:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/12);
[2 John 1:6](../../../kjv/2-john/1/6)).
**saved; yet so as by
fire**—rather, "so as *through* fire" ([Zechariah 3:2](../../../kjv/zechariah/3/2);
[Amos 4:11](../../../kjv/amos/4/11); [Judges 1:23](../../../kjv/judges/1/23)).
"Saved, yet *not without* fire" ([Judges 1:23](../../../kjv/judges/1/23)) [BENGEL]. As a
builder whose building, not the foundation, is consumed by fire,
escapes, but with the loss of his work [ALFORD];
as the shipwrecked merchant, though he has lost his merchandise, is
saved, though having to pass *through* the waves [BENGEL];
[Malachi 3:1](../../../kjv/malachi/3/1); [Malachi 3:2](../../../kjv/malachi/3/2);
[Malachi 4:1](../../../kjv/malachi/4/1), give the key to explain
the imagery. The "Lord suddenly coming to His temple" in
flaming "fire," all the parts of the building which will
not stand that fire will be consumed; the builders will escape with
personal salvation, but with the loss of their work, through the
midst of the conflagration [ALFORD].
Again, a distinction is recognized between minor and fundamental
doctrines (if we regard the superstructure as representing the
*doctrines* superadded to the elementary essentials); a man may
err as to the former, and yet be saved, but not so as to the latter
(compare [Philippians 3:15](../../../kjv/philippians/3/15)).

**16. Know ye not**—It is no new
thing I tell you, in calling you "God's building"; ye know
and ought to remember, ye are the noblest kind of building, "the
temple of God."
**ye**—all Christians form
together one vast temple. The expression is not, "ye are
*temples,*" but "ye are *the temple*"
collectively, and "lively stones" () individually.
**God . . . Spirit**—God's
indwelling, and that of the Holy Spirit, are one; therefore the Holy
Spirit is God. No literal "temple" is recognized by the New
Testament in the Christian Church. The only one is the spiritual
temple, the whole body of believing worshippers in which the Holy
Spirit dwells ([1 Corinthians 6:19](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/6/19); [John 4:23](../../../kjv/john/4/23);
[John 4:24](../../../kjv/john/4/24)). The *synagogue,*
not the temple, was the model of the Christian house of worship. The
temple was the *house of sacrifice,* rather than of prayer.
Prayers in the temple were silent and individual ([Luke 1:10](../../../kjv/luke/1/10);
[Luke 18:10-13](../../../kjv/luke/18/10-13)), not joint
and public, nor with reading of Scripture, as in the synagogue. The
temple, as the name means (from a *Greek* root "to dwell"),
was the earthly *dwelling-place of God,* where alone He put His
name. The synagogue (as the name means an *assembly*) was the
place for assembling men. God now too has His earthly temple, not one
of wood and stone, but the congregation of believers, the "living
stones" on the "spiritual house." Believers are all
spiritual priests in it. Jesus Christ, our High Priest, has the only
literal priesthood ([Malachi 1:11](../../../kjv/malachi/1/11);
[Matthew 18:20](../../../kjv/matthew/18/20); [1 Peter 2:5](../../../kjv/1-peter/2/5))
[VITRINGA].

**17. If any . . . defile . . .
destroy**—rather as the *Greek* verb is the same in both
cases, "*destroy* . . . destroy." God repays in kind
by a righteous retaliation. The destroyer shall himself be destroyed.
As temporal death was the penalty of marring the material temple
([Leviticus 16:2](../../../kjv/leviticus/16/2); [Daniel 5:2](../../../kjv/daniel/5/2);
[Daniel 5:3](../../../kjv/daniel/5/3); [Daniel 5:30](../../../kjv/daniel/5/30)),
so eternal death is the penalty of marring the spiritual temple—the
Church. The *destroyers* here ([1 Corinthians 3:16](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/16);
[1 Corinthians 3:17](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/17)), are distinct from the
*unwise* or unskilful builders ([1 Corinthians 3:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/12);
[1 Corinthians 3:15](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/15)); the latter held fast
the "foundation" ([1 Corinthians 3:15](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/15)), and, therefore, though they lose their work of
superstructure and the special reward, yet they are themselves saved;
the destroyers, on the contrary, assailed with false teaching the
foundation, and so subvert the temple itself, and shall therefore be
destroyed. (See on [1 Corinthians 3:10](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/10)),
[ESTIUS and NEANDER].
I think Paul passes here from the teachers to all the members of the
Church, who, by profession, are "priests unto God" ([Exodus 19:6](../../../kjv/exodus/19/6);
[1 Peter 2:9](../../../kjv/1-peter/2/9); [Revelation 1:6](../../../kjv/revelation/1/6)).
As the Aaronic priests were doomed to die if they violated the old
temple ([Exodus 28:43](../../../kjv/exodus/28/43)), so any
Christian who violates the sanctity of the spiritual temple, shall
perish eternally ([Hebrews 12:14](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/14);
[Hebrews 10:26](../../../kjv/hebrews/10/26); [Hebrews 10:31](../../../kjv/hebrews/10/31)).
**holy**—inviolable ([Hebrews 10:31](../../../kjv/hebrews/10/31)).
**which*****temple*****ye are**—rather, "the which (that is, holy) are ye"
[ALFORD], and, therefore,
want of holiness on the part of any of you (or, as ESTIUS,
"to tamper with *the foundation* in *teaching* you")
is a violation of the temple, which cannot be let to pass with
impunity. GROTIUS supports
*English Version.*

**18. seemeth**—that is, *is,
and is regarded by* himself and others.
**wise in this world**—wise
in mere worldly wisdom ([1 Corinthians 1:20](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/20)).
**let him become a fool**—by
receiving the Gospel in its unworldly simplicity, and so *becoming
a fool in the world's sight* [ALFORD].
Let him *no longer think* himself wise, but seek the true wisdom
from God, bringing his understanding into captivity to the obedience
of faith [ESTIUS].

**19. with God**—*in the
judgment of God.*
**it is written**—in . The formula of quoting SCRIPTURE
used here, establishes the canonicity of Job.
**He taketh . . . wise in . . .
own craftiness**—proving the "foolishness" of the
world's wisdom, since it is made by God the very snare to catch those
who think themselves so wise. Literally, "He who taketh . . .
the whole of the sentence not being quoted, but only the part which
suited Paul's purpose.

**20.** Quotation from . There it is *of men;* here it is "of the wise."
Paul by inspiration states the class of men whose "thoughts"
(or rather, "reasonings," as suits the *Greek* and the
sense of the context) the Spirit designated in the Psalm, "vanity,"
namely, the "proud" () and worldly-wise, whom God in calls "fools," though they "boast themselves"
of their *wisdom* in pushing their interests ().

**21. let no man glory in men**—resuming
the subject from [1 Corinthians 3:4](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/4);
compare [1 Corinthians 1:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/12); [1 Corinthians 1:31](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/31),
where the true object of glorying is stated: "He that glorieth,
let him glory in THE LORD."
Also [1 Corinthians 4:6](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/4/6), "That no one
of you be puffed up for one against another."
**For all things**—not only
*all men.* For you to glory thus in men, is lowering yourselves
from your high position as heirs of *all things.* All men
(including your teachers) belong to Christ, and therefore to you, by
your union with Him; He makes them and all things work together for
your good ([Romans 8:28](../../../kjv/romans/8/28)). Ye are not
for the sake of them, but they for the sake of you ([2 Corinthians 4:5](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/5);
[2 Corinthians 4:15](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/15)). They belong to you,
not you to them.

**22.** Enumeration of some of the
"all things." The teachers, in whom they gloried, he puts
first ([1 Corinthians 1:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/12)). He omits
after "Cephas" *or Christ* (to whom exclusively some
at Corinth, [1 Corinthians 1:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/12), professed
to belong); but, instead, substitutes "ye are Christ's"
([1 Corinthians 3:23](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/23)).
**world . . . life . . . death
. . . things present . . . things to come**—Not only shall they
not "separate you from the love of God in Christ" ([Romans 8:38](../../../kjv/romans/8/38);
[Romans 8:39](../../../kjv/romans/8/39)), but they "all are
yours," that is, are for you ([Romans 8:39](../../../kjv/romans/8/39)), and belong to you, as they belong to Christ your Head ([Romans 8:39](../../../kjv/romans/8/39)).
**things present**—"things
*actually* present" [ALFORD].

**23. ye are Christ's**—not
Paul's, or Apollos,' or Cephas' ([1 Corinthians 11:3](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/11/3);
[Matthew 23:8-10](../../../kjv/matthew/23/8-10)). "Neither
be ye called masters; for one is your Master, even Christ" ([Matthew 23:8-40](../../../kjv/matthew/23/8-40)). Not merely a particular section of you, but ye all are
Christ's ([1 Corinthians 1:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/12)).
**Christ is God's**— ([1 Corinthians 1:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/12)). God is the ultimate end of all, even of Christ, His
co-equal Son ([1 Corinthians 15:28](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/28); [Philippians 2:6-11](../../../kjv/philippians/2/6-11)).

```json
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