---
title: "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible -  2 Corinthians 3"
description: "CHAPTER 3   :-. THE SOLE
COMMENDATION HE
NEEDS TO PROVE
GOD"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/2-corinthians/3"
---

CHAPTER 3

. THE SOLE
COMMENDATION HE
NEEDS TO PROVE
GOD'S SANCTION
OF HIS MINISTRY
HE HAS
IN HIS CORINTHIAN
CONVERTS: HIS
MINISTRY EXCELS
THE MOSAIC, AS THE
GOSPEL OF LIFE
AND LIBERTY EXCELS
THE LAW OF
CONDEMNATION.

**1.** Are we beginning again to
recommend ourselves ([2 Corinthians 5:12](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/5/12))
(as some of them might say he had done in his first Epistle; or, a
reproof to "some" who had *begun* doing so)!
**commendation**—recommendation.
(Compare [2 Corinthians 10:18](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/10/18)). The
"some" refers to particular persons of the "many"
([2 Corinthians 2:17](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/2/17)) teachers who opposed
him, and who came to Corinth with letters of recommendation from
other churches; and when leaving that city obtained similar letters
from the Corinthians to other churches. The thirteenth canon of the
Council of Chalcedon (A.D.
451) ordained that "clergymen coming to a city where they were
unknown, should not be allowed to officiate without letters
commendatory from their own bishop." The history ([2 Corinthians 2:17](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/2/17)) confirms the existence of the custom here alluded to in
the Epistle: "When Apollos was disposed to pass into Achaia
[Corinth], *the brethren* [of Ephesus] *wrote,* exhorting
the disciples to receive him." This was about two years before
the Epistle,and is probably *one* of the instances to which Paul
refers, as many at Corinth boasted of their being followers of
Apollos ([1 Corinthians 1:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/12)).

**2. our epistle**—of
recommendation.
**in our hearts**—not
letters borne merely *in the hands.* Your conversion through my
instrumentality, and your faith which is "known of all men"
by widespread report (), and which is written by memory and affection on my inmost
heart and is borne about wherever I go, is my letter of
recommendation ([1 Corinthians 9:2](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/9/2)).
**known and read**—words
akin in root, sound, and sense (so [1 Corinthians 9:2](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/9/2)). "Ye are *known* to be my converts by general
knowledge: then ye are *known* more particularly by your
reflecting my doctrine in your Christian life." The handwriting
is first "known," then the Epistle is "read"
[GROTIUS] ([2 Corinthians 4:2](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/2);
[1 Corinthians 14:25](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/14/25)). There is not so
powerful a sermon in the world, as a consistent Christian life. The
eye of the world takes in more than the ear. Christians' lives are
the only religious books the world reads. IGNATIUS
[*Epistle to the Ephesians,* 10] writes, "Give unbelievers
the chance of believing through you. Consider yourselves employed by
God; your lives the form of language in which He addresses them. Be
mild when they are angry, humble when they are haughty; to their
blasphemy oppose prayer without ceasing; to their inconsistency, a
steadfast adherence to your faith."

**3. declared**—The letter is
written so legibly that it can be "read by all men" (). Translate, "Being manifestly shown to be an Epistle of
Christ"; a letter coming manifestly from Christ, and "ministered
by us," that is, carried about and presented by us as its
(ministering) bearers to those (the world) for whom it is intended:
Christ is the Writer and the Recommender, ye are the letter
recommending us.
**written not with ink, but
with the Spirit of the living God**—Paul was the ministering pen
or other instrument of writing, as well as the ministering bearer and
presenter of the letter. "Not with ink" stands in contrast
to the letters of commendation which "some" at Corinth () used. "Ink" is also used here to include all
outward materials for writing, such as the Sinaitic tables of stone
were. These, however, were not written with ink, but "graven"
by "the finger of God" ([Exodus 31:18](../../../kjv/exodus/31/18);
[Exodus 32:16](../../../kjv/exodus/32/16)). Christ's Epistle (His
believing members converted by Paul) is better still: it is written
not merely with the *finger,* but with the "*Spirit*
of the *living God*"; it is not the "ministration of
death" as the law, but of the "*living* Spirit"
that "giveth life" ([Exodus 32:16](../../../kjv/exodus/32/16)).
**not in**—not *on*
tables (tablets) of stone, as the ten commandments were written ([Exodus 32:16](../../../kjv/exodus/32/16)).
**in fleshy tables of the
heart**—ALL the best
manuscripts read, "On [your] *hearts* [which are] tables of
flesh." Once your hearts were spiritually what the tables of the
law were physically, tables of stone, but God has "taken away
the stony heart out of your flesh, given you a heart of flesh"
(*fleshy,* not *fleshly,* that is, carnal; hence it is
written, "out of your *flesh*" that is, your *carnal*
nature), [Ezekiel 11:19](../../../kjv/ezekiel/11/19); [Ezekiel 36:26](../../../kjv/ezekiel/36/26).
Compare [2 Corinthians 3:2](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/2), "As ye are
our Epistle written in our hearts," so Christ has in the first
instance made you "His Epistle written with the Spirit in (on)
your hearts." I bear on my heart, as a testimony to all men,
that which Christ has by His Spirit written in your heart [ALFORD].
(Compare [Proverbs 3:3](../../../kjv/proverbs/3/3); [Proverbs 7:3](../../../kjv/proverbs/7/3);
[Jeremiah 31:31-34](../../../kjv/jeremiah/31/31-34)). This passage
is quoted by PALEY [*Horæ
Paulinæ*] as illustrating one peculiarity of Paul's style,
namely, his *going off at a word into a parenthetic reflection:*
here it is on the word "Epistle." So "savor," [Jeremiah 31:31-24](../../../kjv/jeremiah/31/31-24).

**4. And**—*Greek,* "But."
"Such confidence, however (namely, of our 'sufficiency,' [2 Corinthians 3:5](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/5);
[2 Corinthians 3:6](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/6); [2 Corinthians 2:16](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/2/16)
—to which he reverts after the parenthesis—as ministers of the
New Testament, 'not hinting,' [2 Corinthians 2:16](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/2/16)), we have through Christ (not through ourselves, compare [2 Corinthians 2:16](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/2/16)) toward God" (that is, in our relation to God and His
work, the ministry committed by Him to us, for which we must render
an account to Him). Confidence toward God is solid and real, as
looking to Him for the strength needed now, and also for the reward
of grace to be given hereafter. Compare [2 Corinthians 2:16](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/2/16), "hope toward God." Human confidence is unreal in
that it looks to man for its help and its reward.

**5.** The *Greek* is, "Not
that we are (even yet after so long experience as ministers)
sufficient to think anything OF ourselves as (coming) FROM
ourselves; but our sufficiency is (derived) FROM
God." "*From*" more definitely refers to the
*source* out of which a thing comes; "of" is more
general.
**to think**—*Greek,*
to "reason out" or "devise"; *to attain to*
sound preaching *by our reasonings* [THEODORET].
The "we" refers here to *ministers* ().
**anything**—even the
least. We cannot expect too little from man, or too much from God.

**6. able**—rather, as the *Greek*
is the same, corresponding to , translate, "*sufficient* as ministers"
([Ephesians 3:7](../../../kjv/ephesians/3/7); [Colossians 1:23](../../../kjv/colossians/1/23)).
**the new testament**—"the
new *covenant*" as contrasted with the *Old* Testament
or covenant ([1 Corinthians 11:25](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/11/25); [Galatians 4:24](../../../kjv/galatians/4/24)).
He reverts here again to the contrast between the law on "tables
of stone," and that "written by the Spirit on fleshly
tables of the heart" ([2 Corinthians 3:3](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/3)).
**not of the letter**—joined
with "ministers"; ministers not of *the mere literal
precept,* in which the old law, as then understood, consisted;
"but of the Spirit," that is, *the spiritual holiness*
which lay under the old law, and which the new covenant brings to
light ([Matthew 5:17-48](../../../kjv/matthew/5/17-48)) with
new *motives* added, and a new *power* of obedience
imparted, namely, the Holy Spirit ([Matthew 5:17-40](../../../kjv/matthew/5/17-40)). Even in *writing the letter* of the New Testament,
Paul and the other sacred writers were ministers *not of the
letter, but of the spirit.* No piety of spirit could exempt a man
from the yoke of the letter of each legal ordinance under the Old
Testament; for God had appointed this as the way in which He chose a
devout Jew to express his state of mind towards God. Christianity, on
the other hand, makes the spirit of our outward observances
everything, and the letter a secondary consideration ([Matthew 5:17-40](../../../kjv/matthew/5/17-40)). Still the moral law of the ten commandments, being written
by the finger of God, is as obligatory now as ever; but put more on
the Gospel spirit of "love," than on the letter of a
servile obedience, and in a deeper and fuller spirituality ([Matthew 5:17-48](../../../kjv/matthew/5/17-48);
[Romans 13:9](../../../kjv/romans/13/9)). No literal precepts
could fully comprehend the wide range of holiness which LOVE, the
work of the Holy Spirit, under the Gospel, suggests to the believer's
heart instinctively from the word understood in its deep
spirituality.
**letter killeth**—by
bringing home the knowledge of guilt and its punishment, *death;*
[2 Corinthians 3:7](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/7), "ministration of
death" ([Romans 7:9](../../../kjv/romans/7/9)).
**spirit giveth life**—The
spirit of the Gospel when brought home to the heart by the Holy
Spirit, gives new spiritual life to a man ([Romans 6:4](../../../kjv/romans/6/4);
[Romans 6:11](../../../kjv/romans/6/11)). This "spirit of
life" is for us in Christ Jesus ([Romans 8:2](../../../kjv/romans/8/2);
[Romans 8:10](../../../kjv/romans/8/10)), who dwells in the
believer as a "quickening" or "life-giving Spirit"
([1 Corinthians 15:45](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/45)). Note, the
spiritualism of rationalists is very different. It would admit no
"stereotyped revelation," except so much as man's own inner
instrument of revelation, the conscience and reason, can approve of:
thus making the conscience judge of the written word, whereas the
apostles make the written word the judge of the conscience ([Acts 17:11](../../../kjv/acts/17/11);
[1 Peter 4:1](../../../kjv/1-peter/4/1)). True spirituality rests
on the whole written word, applied to the soul by the Holy Spirit as
the only infallible interpreter of its far-reaching spirituality. The
*letter* is nothing without the *spirit,* in a subject
essentially spiritual. The *spirit* is nothing without the
*letter,* in a record substantially historical.

**7. the ministration of death**—the
legal dispensation, summed up in the Decalogue, which denounces *death*
against man for transgression.
**written*****and*****engraven in stones**—There is no "and" in the *Greek.*
The literal translation is, "The ministration of death *in
letters,*" of which "engraven on stones" is an
explanation. The preponderance of oldest manuscripts is for the
*English Version* reading. But one (perhaps the oldest existing
manuscript) has "in the letter," which refers to the
preceding words ([2 Corinthians 3:6](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/6)), "*the
letter* killeth," and this seems the probable reading. Even
if we read as *English Version,* "The ministration of death
(written) in letters," alludes to *the literal precepts* of
the law as only bringing us the knowledge of sin and "*death,*"
in contrast to "*the Spirit*" in the Gospel bringing
us "*life*" ([2 Corinthians 3:6](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/6)). The opposition between "the letters" and "the
Spirit" ([2 Corinthians 3:8](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/8)) confirms
this. This explains why the phrase in *Greek* should be "in
letters," instead of the ordinary one which *English Version*
has substituted, "written *and.*"
**was glorious**—literally,
"was made (invested) in glory," glory was the atmosphere
with which it was encompassed.
**could not steadfastly
behold**—literally, "fix their eyes on." [2 Corinthians 3:8](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/8), "The skin of his face shone; and they were AFRAID
*to come nigh him.*" "Could not," therefore means
here, "for FEAR."
The "glory of Moses' countenance" on Sinai passed away when
the occasion was over: a type of the transitory character of the
dispensation which he represented ([2 Corinthians 3:8](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/8)), as contrasted with the permanency of the Christian
dispensation ([2 Corinthians 3:11](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/11)).

**8. be rather glorious**—literally,
"be rather (that is, still more, invested) in glory."
"Shall be," that is, shall be found to be in part now, but
fully when the glory of Christ and His saints shall be revealed.

**9. ministration of condemnation**—the
law regarded in the "letter" which "killeth"
([2 Corinthians 3:6](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/6); [Romans 7:9-11](../../../kjv/romans/7/9-11)).
The oldest existing manuscript seems to read as *English Version.*
But most of the almost contemporary manuscripts, versions, and
Fathers, read, "If to the ministration of condemnation there be
glory."
**the ministration of
righteousness**—the Gospel, which especially reveals the
righteousness of God ([Romans 1:17](../../../kjv/romans/1/17)),
and imputes righteousness to men through faith in Christ ([Romans 3:21-28](../../../kjv/romans/3/21-28);
[Romans 4:3](../../../kjv/romans/4/3); [Romans 4:22-25](../../../kjv/romans/4/22-25)),
and imparts righteousness by the Spirit ([Romans 4:22-45](../../../kjv/romans/4/22-45)).
**exceed**—"abound."

**10.** *For even* the
ministration of condemnation, the law, (*which has been glorified* at Sinai in Moses' person),
*has* now (*English Version* translates less fitly, "*was
made* . . . had") *lost its glory in this respect by reason
of the surpassing glory* (of the Gospel): as the light of the
stars and moon fades in the presence of the sun.

**11. was glorious**—literally,
"was with glory"; or "marked *by glory.*"
**that which remaineth**—abideth
([Revelation 14:6](../../../kjv/revelation/14/6)). Not "the
ministry," but the Spirit, and His accompaniments, life and
righteousness.
**is glorious**—literally,
"is *in glory.*" The *Greek* "with" or
"by" is appropriately applied to that of which the glory
was *transient.* "In" to that of which the glory is
permanent. The contrast of the Old and New Testaments proves that
Paul's chief opponents at Corinth were Judaizers.

**12. such hope**—of the future
glory, which shall result from the ministration of the Gospel
([2 Corinthians 3:8](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/8); [2 Corinthians 3:9](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/9)).
**plainness of speech**—openness;
without reserve ([2 Corinthians 2:17](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/2/17);
[2 Corinthians 4:2](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/2)).

**13.** We use no disguise, "as
Moses put a veil over his face, that the children of Israel might not
look steadfastly upon the end of that which was to be done away"
[ELLICOTT and others]. The
view of [Exodus 34:30-35](../../../kjv/exodus/34/30-35),
according to the *Septuagint* is adopted by Paul, that Moses in
going in to speak to God *removed the veil till he came out and had
spoken to the people;* and then *when he had done speaking,*
he put on the veil *that they might not look on the end,* or the
fading, *of that transitory glory.* The veil was the symbol of
*concealment,* put on directly after Moses' speaking; so that
God's revelations by him were interrupted by intervals of concealment
[ALFORD]. But ALFORD'S
view does not accord with [2 Corinthians 3:7](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/7);
the Israelites "could not look steadfastly on the face of Moses
for the glory of his countenance." Plainly Moses' veil was put
on *because of* their not having been able to "look
steadfastly at him." Paul here ([2 Corinthians 3:7](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/7)) passes from the literal fact to the truth symbolized by it,
the blindness of Jews and Judaizers to the ultimate end of the law:
stating that Moses *put on the veil that they might not look
steadfastly at* (Christ, [2 Corinthians 3:7](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/7)) *the end of that* (law) *which* (like Moses'
glory) *is done away.* Not that *Moses* had this *purpose;*
but often God attributes to His prophets the purpose which He has
Himself. Because the Jews *would not see,* God judicially gave
them up *so as not to see.* The glory of Moses' face is
antitypically Christ s glory shining behind the veil of legal
ordinances. The veil which has been taken off to the believer is left
on to the unbelieving Jew, so that he should not see ([Isaiah 6:10](../../../kjv/isaiah/6/10);
[Acts 28:26](../../../kjv/acts/28/26); [Acts 28:27](../../../kjv/acts/28/27)).
He stops short at the letter of the law, not seeing the end of it.
The evangelical glory of the law, like the shining of Moses' face,
cannot be borne by a carnal people, and therefore remains veiled to
them until the Spirit comes to take away the veil ([Acts 28:27](../../../kjv/acts/28/27)) [CAMERON].

**14-18.** Parenthetical: *Of
Christians in general.* He resumes the subject of *the ministry,*
[2 Corinthians 4:1](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/1).
**minds**—*Greek,*
"mental perceptions"; "understandings."
**blinded**—rather,
"hardened." The opposite to "looking steadfastly at
the end" of the law ([2 Corinthians 4:1](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/1)). *The veil on Moses' face* is further typical of *the
veil that is on their hearts.*
**untaken away . . . which*****veil*******—rather, "the same veil . . . remaineth untaken away
[literally, *not unveiled*], so that they do not see THAT
it (not the *veil* as *English Version,* but 'THE
OLD TESTAMENT,'
or covenant of legal ordinances) is done away ([2 Corinthians 3:7](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/7);
[2 Corinthians 3:11](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/11); [2 Corinthians 3:13](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/13))
in Christ" or, as BENGEL,
"Because it is done away in Christ," that is, it is not
done away save in Christ: the veil *therefore* remains untaken
away from them, *because* they will not come to Christ, who does
away, with the law as a mere letter. If they once saw that the law is
done away in Him, the veil would be no longer on their hearts in
reading it publicly in their synagogues (so "reading"
means, [Acts 15:21](../../../kjv/acts/15/21)). I prefer the
former.

**15. the veil is**—rather, "*a*
veil *lieth* upon their *heart*" (their understanding,
affected by the corrupt will, [John 8:43](../../../kjv/john/8/43);
[1 Corinthians 2:14](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/14)). The *Tallith* was
worn in the synagogue by every worshipper, and to this veil hanging
over the breast there may be an indirect allusion here (see on [1 Corinthians 2:14](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/2/14)): the apostle making it symbolize the spiritual veil on
their heart.

**16.** Moses took off the veil on
entering into the presence of the Lord. So as to the Israelites whom
Moses represents, "whensoever their heart (it) *turns* (not
as *English Version,* 'shall turn') to the Lord, the veil is (by
the very fact; not as *English Version,* '*shall be*')
taken away." [Exodus 34:34](../../../kjv/exodus/34/34) is
the allusion; not [Exodus 34:30](../../../kjv/exodus/34/30);
[Exodus 34:31](../../../kjv/exodus/34/31), as ALFORD
thinks. Whenever the Israelites turn to the Lord, who is the Spirit
of the law, the veil is taken off their hearts in the presence of the
Lord: as the literal veil was taken off by Moses in going before God:
no longer resting on the dead letter, *the veil,* they by the
Spirit commune with God and with the inner spirit of the Mosaic
covenant (which answers to the glory of *Moses' face unveiled*
in God's presence).

**17. the Lord**—Christ ([2 Corinthians 3:14](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/14);
[2 Corinthians 3:16](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/16); [2 Corinthians 4:5](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/5)).
**is that Spirit**—is THE
Spirit, namely, *that Spirit* spoken of in [2 Corinthians 4:5](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/5), and here resumed after the parenthesis ([2 Corinthians 4:5](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/5)): Christ is the Spirit and "end" of the Old
Testament, who giveth life to it, whereas "the letter killeth"
([1 Corinthians 15:45](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/45); [Revelation 19:10](../../../kjv/revelation/19/10),
end).
**where the Spirit of the Lord
is**—in a man's "heart" ([2 Corinthians 3:15](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/15);
[Romans 8:9](../../../kjv/romans/8/9); [Romans 8:10](../../../kjv/romans/8/10)).
**there is liberty**— ([Romans 8:10](../../../kjv/romans/8/10)). "There," and *there only.* Such cease to be
slaves to the letter, which they were while the veil was on their
heart. They are free to serve God in the Spirit, and rejoice in
Christ Jesus ([Philippians 3:3](../../../kjv/philippians/3/3)): they
have no longer the spirit of bondage, but of free sonship ([Romans 8:15](../../../kjv/romans/8/15);
[Galatians 4:7](../../../kjv/galatians/4/7)). "Liberty" is
opposed to the letter (of the legal ordinances), and to the veil, the
badge of slavery: also to the *fear* which the Israelites felt
in beholding Moses' *glory unveiled* ([Exodus 34:30](../../../kjv/exodus/34/30);
[1 John 4:18](../../../kjv/1-john/4/18)).

**18. But we all**—Christians, as
contrasted with the Jews who have a veil on their hearts, answering
to Moses' veil on his face. He does not resume reference to *ministers*
till [2 Corinthians 4:1](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/1).
**with open face**—Translate,
"with *unveiled* face" (the *veil* being removed
at conversion): contrasted with "hid" ([2 Corinthians 4:1](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/1)).
**as in a glass**—in a
mirror, namely, the Gospel which reflects the glory of God and Christ
([2 Corinthians 4:4](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/4); [1 Corinthians 13:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/13/12);
[James 1:23](../../../kjv/james/1/23); [James 1:25](../../../kjv/james/1/25)).
**are changed into the same
image**—namely, the image of Christ's glory, spiritually now
([Romans 8:29](../../../kjv/romans/8/29); [1 John 3:3](../../../kjv/1-john/3/3));
an earnest of the bodily change hereafter ([1 John 3:3](../../../kjv/1-john/3/3)). However many they be, believers all reflect the *same*
image of Christ more or less: a proof of the truth of Christianity.
**from glory to glory**—from
one degree of glory to another. As Moses' face caught a reflection of
God's glory from being in His presence, so believers are changed into
His image by beholding Him.
***even*****as,**
c.—Just such a transformation "*as*" was to be
expected from "the Lord the Spirit" (not as *English
Version,* "the Spirit of the Lord") [ALFORD]
([2 Corinthians 3:17](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/3/17)): "who receives
of the things of Christ, and shows them to us" ([John 16:14](../../../kjv/john/16/14)
[Romans 8:10](../../../kjv/romans/8/10); [Romans 8:11](../../../kjv/romans/8/11)).
(Compare as to hereafter, [Psalms 17:15](../../../kjv/psalms/17/15);
[Revelation 22:4](../../../kjv/revelation/22/4)).

```json
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