---
title: "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible -  Isaiah 42"
description: "CHAPTER 42   :-. MESSIAH THE
ANTITYPE OF CYRUS. God"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/isaiah/42"
---

CHAPTER 42

. MESSIAH THE
ANTITYPE OF CYRUS.
God's description of His character
([Isaiah 42:1-4](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/1-4)). God
addresses Him directly ([Isaiah 42:1-23](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/1-23)). Address to the people to attend to the subject ([Isaiah 42:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/8);
[Isaiah 42:9](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/9)). Call to all, and
especially the exile Jews to rejoice in the coming deliverance ([Isaiah 42:9](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/9)).

**1. my servant**—The law of
prophetic suggestion leads Isaiah from Cyrus to the far greater
Deliverer, behind whom the former is lost sight of. The express
quotation in [Matthew 12:18-20](../../../kjv/matthew/12/18-20),
and the description can apply to *Messiah* alone ([Matthew 12:18-40](../../../kjv/matthew/12/18-40); with which compare [Exodus 21:6](../../../kjv/exodus/21/6);
[John 6:38](../../../kjv/john/6/38); [Philippians 2:7](../../../kjv/philippians/2/7)).
Israel, also, in its highest ideal, is called the "servant"
of God ([Isaiah 49:3](../../../kjv/isaiah/49/3)). But this
ideal is realized only in the antitypical Israel, its
representative-man and Head, Messiah (compare [Matthew 2:15](../../../kjv/matthew/2/15);
[Hosea 11:1](../../../kjv/hosea/11/1)). "Servant"
was the position assumed by the Son of God throughout His
humiliation.
**elect**—chosen by God
before the foundation of the world for an atonement ([1 Peter 1:20](../../../kjv/1-peter/1/20);
[Revelation 13:8](../../../kjv/revelation/13/8)). Redemption was no
afterthought to remedy an unforeseen evil ([Romans 16:25](../../../kjv/romans/16/25);
[Romans 16:26](../../../kjv/romans/16/26); [Ephesians 3:9](../../../kjv/ephesians/3/9);
[Ephesians 3:11](../../../kjv/ephesians/3/11); [2 Timothy 1:9](../../../kjv/2-timothy/1/9);
[2 Timothy 1:10](../../../kjv/2-timothy/1/10); [Titus 1:2](../../../kjv/titus/1/2);
[Titus 1:3](../../../kjv/titus/1/3)). In [Titus 1:3](../../../kjv/titus/1/3) it is rendered "My beloved"; *the only beloved
Son,* beloved in a sense distinct from all others. *Election*
and the *love* of God are inseparably joined.
**soul**—a human phrase
applied to God, because of the intended union of humanity with the
Divinity: "I Myself."
**delighteth**—is well
pleased with, and accepts, *as a propitiation.* God could have
"delighted" in no created being *as a mediator*
(compare [Isaiah 42:21](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/21); [Isaiah 63:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/63/5);
[Matthew 3:17](../../../kjv/matthew/3/17)).
**spirit upon him**—
([Isaiah 11:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/11/2); [Isaiah 61:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/61/1);
[Luke 4:18](../../../kjv/luke/4/18); [John 3:34](../../../kjv/john/3/34)).
**judgment**—the gospel
dispensation, founded on *justice,* the canon of the divine rule
and principle of judgment called "the law" ([John 3:34](../../../kjv/john/3/34); compare [Isaiah 42:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/4);
[Isaiah 51:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/51/4); [Isaiah 49:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/49/6)).
The Gospel has a discriminating *judicial* effect: *saving*
to penitents; *condemnatory* to Satan, the enemy ([John 12:31](../../../kjv/john/12/31);
[John 16:11](../../../kjv/john/16/11)), and the wilfully
impenitent ([John 9:39](../../../kjv/john/9/39)). [John 9:39](../../../kjv/john/9/39) has, "He shall *show,*" for "He shall
bring forth," or "*cause to go forth.*" Christ
both *produced* and *announced* His "judgment."
The *Hebrew* dwells most on His *producing* it; Matthew on
His *announcement* of it: the two are joined in Him.

**2.** Matthew [] marks the kind of "cry" as that of *altercation*
by quoting it, "He shall not *strive*" ().
**street**—the *Septuagint*
translates "outside." An image from an altercation in a
house, loud enough to be heard *in the street* outside:
appropriate of Him who "withdrew Himself" from the public
fame created by His miracles to privacy (; [Matthew 12:34](../../../kjv/matthew/12/34), there,
shows another and sterner aspect of His character, which is also
implied in the term "judgment").

**3. bruised**—"It pleased
the Lord to *bruise* Him" ([Isaiah 53:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/53/5);
[Isaiah 53:10](../../../kjv/isaiah/53/10); [Genesis 3:15](../../../kjv/genesis/3/15));
so He can feel for *the bruised.* As [Genesis 3:15](../../../kjv/genesis/3/15) described His unturbulent spirit towards His violent enemies
([Matthew 12:14-16](../../../kjv/matthew/12/14-16)), and
His utter freedom from love of notoriety, so [Matthew 12:14-40](../../../kjv/matthew/12/14-40), His tenderness in cherishing the first spark of grace in
the penitent ([Isaiah 40:11](../../../kjv/isaiah/40/11)).
**reed**—fragile: easily
"shaken with the wind" ([Isaiah 40:11](../../../kjv/isaiah/40/11)). Those who are at best feeble, and who besides are
oppressed by calamity or by the sense of sin.
**break**—entirely crush or
condemn. Compare "bind up the broken-hearted" ([Isaiah 50:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/50/4);
[Isaiah 61:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/61/1); [Matthew 11:28](../../../kjv/matthew/11/28)).
**flax**—put for the
lamp-*wick,* formed of flax. The believer is the *lamp* (so
the *Greek,* [Matthew 5:15](../../../kjv/matthew/5/15);
[John 5:35](../../../kjv/john/5/35)): his conscience
enlightened by the Holy Ghost is the *wick.* "Smoking"
means "dimly burning," "smouldering," the flame
not quite extinct. This expresses the positive side of the penitent's
religion; as "bruised reed," the negative. Broken-hearted
in himself, but not without some spark of flame: literally, "from
above." Christ will supply such a one with grace as with oil.
Also, the light of nature smouldering in the Gentiles amidst the
hurtful fumes of error. He not only did not quench, but cleared away
the mists and superadded the light of revelation. See JEROME,
*To Algasia,* Question 2.
**truth**—[John 5:35](../../../kjv/john/5/35) quotes it, "send forth judgment unto *victory.*"
Matthew, under the Spirit, gives the virtual sense, but varies the
word, in order to bring out a fresh aspect of the same thing. Truth
has in itself the elements of victory over all opposing forces. *Truth*
is the *victory* of Him who is "the truth" ([John 5:35](../../../kjv/john/5/35)). The *gospel judicial sifting* ("judgment")
of believers and unbelievers, begun already in part ([John 3:18](../../../kjv/john/3/18);
[John 3:19](../../../kjv/john/3/19); [John 9:39](../../../kjv/john/9/39)),
will be *consummated victoriously in truth* only at His second
coming; [Isaiah 42:13](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/13); [Isaiah 42:14](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/14),
here, and [Matthew 12:32](../../../kjv/matthew/12/32); [Matthew 12:36](../../../kjv/matthew/12/36);
[Matthew 12:41](../../../kjv/matthew/12/41); [Matthew 12:42](../../../kjv/matthew/12/42),
show that there is reference to the *judicial* aspect of the
Gospel, especially finally: besides the mild triumph of Jesus coming
in mercy to the penitent *now* ([Matthew 12:42](../../../kjv/matthew/12/42)), there shall be *finally* the judgment on His enemies,
when the "truth" shall be perfectly developed. Compare [Matthew 12:42](../../../kjv/matthew/12/42), where the two comings are similarly joined ([Psalms 2:4-6](../../../kjv/psalms/2/4-6);
[Psalms 2:8](../../../kjv/psalms/2/8); [Revelation 15:2](../../../kjv/revelation/15/2);
[Revelation 15:4](../../../kjv/revelation/15/4); [Revelation 15:19](../../../kjv/revelation/15/19)).
On "judgment," see on [Revelation 15:19](../../../kjv/revelation/15/19).

**4. fail**—faint; *man* in
religion may become as the almost expiring flax-wick (), but not so He in His purposes of grace.
**discouraged**—literally,
"broken," that is, checked in zeal by discouragements
(compare [Isaiah 49:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/49/4); [Isaiah 49:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/49/5)).
ROSENMULLER not so well
translates, "He shall not be too slow on the one hand, nor *run
too hastily* on the other."
**judgment**—His true
religion, the canon of His judgments and righteous reign.
**isles . . . wait,** c.—The
distant lands beyond sea shall put their *trust* in His gospel
way of salvation. [Matthew 12:21](../../../kjv/matthew/12/21)
virtually gives the sense, with the inspired addition of another
aspect of the same thing, "In his *name* shall the Gentiles
*trust*" (as "wait for" here means, [Matthew 12:21](../../../kjv/matthew/12/21)). "His law" is not something distinct from
Himself, but is indeed *Himself,* the manifestation of God's
character ("name") in Christ, who is the *embodiment of
the law* ([Isaiah 42:21](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/21) [Jeremiah 23:6](../../../kjv/jeremiah/23/6);
[Romans 10:4](../../../kjv/romans/10/4)). "Isles"
here, and in [Isaiah 42:12](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/12), may
refer to the fact that the populations of which the Church was
primarily formed were Gentiles of the countries bordering on the
Mediterranean.

**5.** Previously God had spoken *of*
Messiah; now ([Isaiah 42:5-7](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/5-7))
He speaks *to* Him. To show to all that He is able to sustain
the Messiah in His appointed work, and that all might accept Messiah
as commissioned by such a mighty God, He commences by announcing
Himself as the Almighty Creator and Preserver of all things.
**spread . . . earth**— ([Isaiah 42:5-23](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/5-23)).

**6. in righteousness**—rather,
"for a righteous purpose" [LOWTH].
(See [Isaiah 42:21](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/21)). God "set
forth" His Son "to be a propitiation (so as) to declare His
(God's) *righteousness,* that God might be just, and (yet) the
justifier of him which believeth in Jesus" ([Romans 3:25](../../../kjv/romans/3/25);
[Romans 3:26](../../../kjv/romans/3/26); compare see on [Romans 3:26](../../../kjv/romans/3/26); [Isaiah 45:13](../../../kjv/isaiah/45/13); [Isaiah 50:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/50/8);
[Isaiah 50:9](../../../kjv/isaiah/50/9)).
**hold . . . hand**—compare
as to Israel, the type of Messiah, [Isaiah 50:9](../../../kjv/isaiah/50/9).
**covenant**—the medium of
the covenant, originally made between God and Abraham ([Isaiah 50:9](../../../kjv/isaiah/50/9)). "The mediator of a better covenant" ([Isaiah 50:9](../../../kjv/isaiah/50/9)) than the law (see [Isaiah 49:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/49/8);
[Jeremiah 31:33](../../../kjv/jeremiah/31/33); [Jeremiah 50:5](../../../kjv/jeremiah/50/5)).
So the abstract "peace," for *peace-maker* ([Micah 5:5](../../../kjv/micah/5/5);
[Ephesians 2:14](../../../kjv/ephesians/2/14)).
**the people**—Israel; as
[Isaiah 49:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/49/8), compared with [Isaiah 49:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/49/8), proves ([Luke 2:32](../../../kjv/luke/2/32)).

**7. blind**—spiritually ([Isaiah 42:16](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/16);
[Isaiah 42:18](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/18); [Isaiah 42:19](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/19);
[Isaiah 35:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/35/5); [John 9:39](../../../kjv/john/9/39)).
**prison**— ([Isaiah 61:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/61/1);
[Isaiah 61:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/61/2)).
**darkness**—opposed to
"light" ([Isaiah 42:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/6);
[Ephesians 5:8](../../../kjv/ephesians/5/8); [1 Peter 2:9](../../../kjv/1-peter/2/9)).

**8.** God turns from addressing
Messiah to the people.
**Lord**—JEHOVAH:
God's distinguishing and incommunicable name, indicating essential
*being* and immutable faithfulness (compare [Exodus 6:3](../../../kjv/exodus/6/3);
[Psalms 83:18](../../../kjv/psalms/83/18); [Psalms 96:5](../../../kjv/psalms/96/5);
[Hosea 12:5](../../../kjv/hosea/12/5)).
**my**—that is due to Me,
and to Me alone.

**9. former things**—Former
predictions of God, which were now fulfilled, are here adduced as
proof that they ought to trust in Him alone as God; namely, the
predictions as to Israel's restoration from Babylon.
**new**—namely, predictions
as to Messiah, who is to bring all nations to the worship of Jehovah
([Isaiah 42:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/1); [Isaiah 42:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/4);
[Isaiah 42:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/6)).
**spring forth**—The same
image from plants *just beginning to germinate* occurs in
[Isaiah 43:19](../../../kjv/isaiah/43/19); [Isaiah 58:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/58/8).
Before there is *the slightest indication* to enable a sagacious
observer to infer the coming event, God *foretells* it.

**10. new song**—such as has never
before been sung, called for by a new manifestation of God's grace,
to express which no hymn for former mercies would be appropriate. The
new song shall be sung when the Lord shall reign in Jerusalem, and
all "nations shall flow unto it" ([Isaiah 2:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/2/2);
[Isaiah 26:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/26/1); [Revelation 5:9](../../../kjv/revelation/5/9);
[Revelation 14:3](../../../kjv/revelation/14/3)).
**ye that go down to the
sea**—whose conversion will be the means of diffusing the Gospel
to distant lands.
**all . . . therein**—all
the living creatures *that fill* the sea ([Revelation 14:3](../../../kjv/revelation/14/3)) [MAURER]. Or,
*all sailors and voyagers* [GESENIUS].
But these were already mentioned in the previous clause: there he
called on all who go *upon* the sea; in this clause all animals
*in* the sea; so in [Revelation 14:3](../../../kjv/revelation/14/3), he calls on the inanimate wilderness to lift up its voice.
External nature shall be so renovated as to be in unison with the
moral renovation.

**11. cities**—in a region not
wholly waste, but mainly so, with an oasis here and there.
**Kedar**—in Arabia-Deserta
([Isaiah 21:16](../../../kjv/isaiah/21/16); [Genesis 25:13](../../../kjv/genesis/25/13)).
The Kedarenians led a nomadic, wandering life. So Kedar is here put
in general for that class of men.
**rock**—*Sela,* that
is, Petra, the metropolis of Idumea and the Nabathoeligan
Ishmaelites. Or it may refer in general to those in Arabia-Petræa,
who had their dwellings cut out of the rock.
**the mountains**—namely,
of Paran, south of Sinai, in Arabia-Petræa [VITRINGA].

**12. glory . . . islands**— ().

**13-16.** Jehovah will no longer
restrain His wrath: He will go forth as a mighty warrior () to destroy His people's and His enemies, and to deliver
Israel (compare [Psalms 45:3](../../../kjv/psalms/45/3)).
**stir up jealousy**—rouse
His indignation.
**roar**—image from the
battle cry of a warrior.

**14. long time**—namely, during
the desolation of Israel ().
**holden my peace**—(Compare
[Psalms 50:21](../../../kjv/psalms/50/21); [Habakkuk 1:2](../../../kjv/habakkuk/1/2)).
**cry like a travailing woman,**
c.—Like a woman in parturition, who, after having restrained her
breathing for a time, at last, overcome with labor pain, lets out her
voice with a panting sigh so Jehovah will give full vent to His long
pent-up wrath. Translate, instead of "destroy . . . devour";
*I will at once breathe hard and pant,* namely, giving loose to
My wrath.

**15.** I will destroy all My foes.
**mountains**—in Palestine
usually planted with vines and olives in terraces, up to their tops.
**islands**—rather, "dry
lands." God will destroy His foes, the heathen, and their idols,
and "*dry up*" the fountains of their oracles, their
doctrines and institutions, the symbol of which is *water,* and
their schools which promoted idolatry [VITRINGA].

**16. blind**—God's people,
Israel, in captivity, needing a guide. In the ulterior sense the New
Testament Church, which was about to be led and enlightened by the
Son of God as its leader and shepherd in the wilderness of the Roman
empire, until it should reach a city of habitation. "A way . . .
they knew not," refers to the various means ployed by Providence
for the establishment of the Church in the world, such as would never
have occurred to the mind of mere man. "Blind," they are
called, as not having heretofore seen God's ways in ordering His
Church.
**make darkness light,**
c.—implies that the glorious issue would only be known by the event
itself [VITRINGA]. The
same holds good of the *individual* believer ([Isaiah 30:21](../../../kjv/isaiah/30/21)
[Psalms 107:7](../../../kjv/psalms/107/7); compare [Hosea 2:6](../../../kjv/hosea/2/6);
[Hosea 2:14](../../../kjv/hosea/2/14); [Ephesians 5:8](../../../kjv/ephesians/5/8);
[Hebrews 13:5](../../../kjv/hebrews/13/5)).

**17. turned back . . .
ashamed**—disappointed in their trust; the same phrase occurs in
[Psalms 35:4](../../../kjv/psalms/35/4).

**18. deaf**—namely, to the voice
of God.
**blind**—to your duty and
interest; wilfully so ([Isaiah 42:20](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/20)).
In this they differ from "the blind" ([Isaiah 42:20](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/20)). The Jews are referred to. He had said, God would destroy
the heathen idolatry; here he remembers that even Israel, His
"servant" ([Isaiah 42:19](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/19)),
from whom better things might have been expected, is tainted with
this sin.

**19. my servant**—namely, Israel.
Who of the heathen is so blind? Considering Israel's high privileges,
the heathen's blindness was as nothing compared with that of
Israelite idolaters.
**my messenger . . .
sent**—Israel was designed by God to be the herald of His truth
to other nations.
**perfect**—furnished with
institutions, civil and religious, suited to their *perfect*
well-being. Compare the title, "Jeshurun," the *perfect*
one, applied to Israel (compare ), as the type of Messiah [VITRINGA].
Or translate, the *friend* of God, which Israel was by virtue of
descent from Abraham, who was so called (), [GESENIUS]. The
language, "my servant" (compare ), "messenger" (), "perfect" ([Romans 10:4](../../../kjv/romans/10/4);
[Hebrews 2:10](../../../kjv/hebrews/2/10); [1 Peter 2:22](../../../kjv/1-peter/2/22)),
can, in the full antitypical sense, only apply to Christ. So [1 Peter 2:22](../../../kjv/1-peter/2/22) plainly refers to Him. "Blind" and "deaf"
in His case refer to His endurance of suffering and reproach, as
though He neither saw nor heard ([Psalms 38:13](../../../kjv/psalms/38/13);
[Psalms 38:14](../../../kjv/psalms/38/14)). Thus there is a
transition by contrast from the moral *blindness* of Israel ([Psalms 38:14](../../../kjv/psalms/38/14)) to the patient blindness and deafness of Messiah
[HORSLEY].

**20. observest**—Thou dost not
*keep* them. The "many things" are the many proofs
which all along from the first God had given Israel of His goodness
and His power ([Deuteronomy 4:32-38](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/4/32-38);
[Deuteronomy 29:2-4](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/29/2-4); [Psalms 78:1-72](../../../kjv/psalms/78/1-72);
[Psalms 105:1-45](../../../kjv/psalms/105/1-45)).
**he**—transition from the
second to the third person. "Opening . . . ears," that is,
though he (Israel) hath his ears open (see on [Psalms 105:1-19](../../../kjv/psalms/105/1-19)). This language, too (see on [Psalms 105:1-19](../../../kjv/psalms/105/1-19)), applies to Messiah as Jehovah's *servant* ([Isaiah 50:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/50/5);
[Psalms 40:6](../../../kjv/psalms/40/6)).

**21. his righteousness**—not His
people's, but His own; [Isaiah 42:24](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/24)
shows that they had no righteousness ([Isaiah 45:24](../../../kjv/isaiah/45/24);
[Isaiah 59:16](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/16)). God is *well
pleased* with His Son ("in whom My soul *delighteth,*"
[Isaiah 42:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/1)), "who fulfils
all *righteousness*" ([Isaiah 42:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/1)) for them, and with them for His sake (compare [Isaiah 42:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/6);
[Psalms 71:16](../../../kjv/psalms/71/16); [Psalms 71:19](../../../kjv/psalms/71/19);
[Matthew 5:17](../../../kjv/matthew/5/17); [Romans 10:3](../../../kjv/romans/10/3);
[Romans 10:4](../../../kjv/romans/10/4); [Philippians 3:9](../../../kjv/philippians/3/9)).
Perhaps in God's "righteousness" here is included His
*faithfulness to His promises* given to Israel's forefathers
[ROSENMULLER]; because of
this He is well pleased with Israel, even though displeased with
their sin, which He here reproves; but that promise could only be
based on the *righteousness of Messiah,* the promised seed,
which is *God's* righteousness.

**22. holes**—caught by their foes
in the *caverns* where they had sought refuge [BARNES].
Or bound in subterranean dungeons [MAURER].
**prison-houses**—either
literal prisons, or their own houses, whence they dare not go forth
for fear of the enemy. The connection is: Notwithstanding God's favor
to His people for His righteousness' sake (), they have fallen into misery (the Babylonish and Romish
captivities and their present dispersion), owing to their disregard
of the divine law: spiritual imprisonment is included ().
**none saith, Restore**—There
is no deliverer ([Isaiah 63:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/63/5)).

**23.** A call that they should be
warned by the past judgments of God to obey Him for the time to come.

**24. Who**—Their calamity was not
the work of chance, but *God's* immediate act for their sins.
**Jacob . . . Israel . . .
we**—change from the third to the first person; Isaiah first
speaking to them as a prophet, distinct from them; then identifying
himself with them, and acknowledging His share in the nation's sins
(compare [Joshua 5:1](../../../kjv/joshua/5/1)).

**25. him**—Israel ().
**strength of battle**—violence
of war.
**it**—the *battle* or
war (compare [Isaiah 10:16](../../../kjv/isaiah/10/16)).
**knew not**—knew not the
lesson of repentance which the judgment was intended to teach
([Isaiah 5:13](../../../kjv/isaiah/5/13); [Isaiah 9:13](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/13);
[Jeremiah 5:3](../../../kjv/jeremiah/5/3)).

```json
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