---
title: "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible -  Isaiah 9"
description: "CHAPTER 9   :-. CONTINUATION OF THE
PROPHECY IN THE EIGHTH
CHAPTER. 1. Nevertheless, c.—rather,
\"For darkness shall not (continually) be on it (that is,
t"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/isaiah/9"
---

CHAPTER 9

. CONTINUATION OF THE
PROPHECY IN THE EIGHTH
CHAPTER.

**1. Nevertheless,** c.—rather,
"*For* darkness shall not (continually) be on it (that is,
the land) on which there is (now) distress" [HENGSTENBERG
and MAURER]. The "for"
refers, not to the words immediately preceding, but to the
consolations in [Isaiah 8:9](../../../kjv/isaiah/8/9) [Isaiah 8:10](../../../kjv/isaiah/8/10);
[Isaiah 8:17](../../../kjv/isaiah/8/17); [Isaiah 8:18](../../../kjv/isaiah/8/18).
Do not despair, *for,* c.
**when at the first,**
&c.—rather, "as the former time has brought contempt on
the land of Zebulun and Naphtali (namely, the deportation of their
inhabitants under Tiglath-pileser, [Isaiah 8:18](../../../kjv/isaiah/8/18), a little before the giving of this prophecy) so shall the
after-coming time bring honor to the way of the sea (the district
around the lake of Galilee), the land beyond (but HENGSTENBERG,
"by the side of") Jordan (*Perea,* east of Jordan,
belonging to Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh), the circle (but
HENGSTENBERG, "Galilee")
(that is, region) of the "Gentiles" [MAURER,
HENGSTENBERG, c.]. *Galil*
in *Hebrew* is a "circle," "circuit," and
from it came the name Galilee. North of Naphtali, inhabited by a
mixed race of Jews and Gentiles of the bordering Phoelignician race
([Judges 1:30](../../../kjv/judges/1/30) [1 Kings 9:11](../../../kjv/1-kings/9/11)).
Besides the recent deportation by Tiglath-pileser, it had been sorely
smitten by Ben-hadad of Syria, two hundred years before ([1 Kings 9:11](../../../kjv/1-kings/9/11)). It was after the Assyrian deportation colonized with
heathens, by Esar-haddon ([1 Kings 9:11](../../../kjv/1-kings/9/11)). Hence arose the contempt for it on the part of the
southern Jews of purer blood ([John 1:46](../../../kjv/john/1/46);
[John 7:52](../../../kjv/john/7/52)). The same region which
was so darkened once, shall be among the first to receive Messiah's
light ([Matthew 4:13](../../../kjv/matthew/4/13); [Matthew 4:15](../../../kjv/matthew/4/15);
[Matthew 4:16](../../../kjv/matthew/4/16)). It was in despised
Galilee that He first and most publicly exercised His ministry; from
it were most of His apostles. Foretold in [Deuteronomy 33:18](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/33/18);
[Deuteronomy 33:19](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/33/19); [Acts 2:7](../../../kjv/acts/2/7);
[Psalms 68:27](../../../kjv/psalms/68/27); [Psalms 68:28](../../../kjv/psalms/68/28),
Jerusalem, the theocratic capital, might readily have known Messiah;
to compensate less favored Galilee, He ministered mostly there;
Galilee's very debasement made it feel its need of a Saviour, a
feeling not known to the self-righteous Jews ([Psalms 68:28](../../../kjv/psalms/68/28)). It was appropriate, too, that He who was both "the
Light to lighten the Gentiles, and the Glory of His people Israel,"
should minister chiefly on the border land of *Israel,* near the
*Gentiles.*

**2. the people**—the whole
nation, Judah and Israel.
**shadow of death**—the
darkest misery of captivity.

**3. multiplied . . .
nation**—primarily, the rapid *increase* of Israelites after
the return from Babylon; more fully and exhaustively the rapid spread
of Christianity at first.
**not increased the joy**—By
a slight change in the *Hebrew, its* (joy) is substituted by
some for *not,* because "not increased the joy" seems
opposite to what immediately follows, "the joy," c.
HENGSTENBERG, retains *not*
thus: "Whose joy thou hadst not increased," (that is, hadst
*diminished*). Others, "Hast thou not increased the joy?"
The very difficulty of the reading, *not,* makes it less likely
to be an interpolation. HORSLEY
best explains it: The prophet sees in vision a shifting scene,
comprehending at one glance the history of the Christian Church to
remotest times—a land dark and thinly peopled—lit up by a sudden
light—filled with new inhabitants—then struggling with
difficulties, and again delivered by the utter and final overthrow of
their enemies. The influx of Gentile converts (represented here by
"Galilee of the Gentiles") soon was to be followed by the
growth of corruption, and the final rise of Antichrist, who is to be
destroyed, while God's people is delivered, as in the case of
Gideon's victory over Midian, not by man's prowess, but by the
special interposition of God.
**before thee**—a phrase
taken from sacrificial feasts the tithe of harvest was eaten *before
God* ([Deuteronomy 12:7](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/12/7); [Deuteronomy 14:26](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/14/26)).
**as men rejoice . . . divide .
. . spoil**—referring to the judgments on the enemies of the Lord
and His people, which usually accompany revelations of His grace.

**4.** The occasion of the "joy,"
the deliverance not only of Ahaz and Judah from the Assyrian tribute
([2 Kings 16:8](../../../kjv/2-kings/16/8)), and of Israel's ten
tribes from the oppressor ([2 Kings 16:8](../../../kjv/2-kings/16/8)), but of the Jewish Christian Church from its last great
enemy.
**hast**—the past time for
the future, in prophetic vision; it expresses the *certainty* of
the event.
**yoke of his burden**—the
yoke with which he was burdened.
**staff of . . . shoulder**—the
staff which strikes his shoulder [MAURER];
or the wood, like a yoke, on the neck of slaves, the badge of
servitude [ROSENMULLER].
**day of Midian**— ([2 Kings 16:8](../../../kjv/2-kings/16/8)). As Gideon with a handful of men conquered the hosts of
Midian, so Messiah the "child" ([2 Kings 16:8](../../../kjv/2-kings/16/8)) shall prove to be the "Prince of peace," and the
small Israel under Him shall overcome the mighty hosts of Antichrist
(compare [Micah 5:2-5](../../../kjv/micah/5/2-5)),
containing the same contrast, and alluding also to "the
Assyrian," the then enemy of the Church, as here in Isaiah, the
type of the last great enemy. For further analogies between Gideon's
victory and the Gospel, compare [2 Corinthians 4:7](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/7);
[Judges 7:22](../../../kjv/judges/7/22). As the "dividing of
the spoil" ([Isaiah 9:3](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/3)) was
followed by that which was "not joy," the making of the
idolatrous ephod ([Isaiah 9:3](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/3)), so the gospel victory was soon followed by apostasy at
the first, and shall be so again after the millennial overthrow of
Antichrist ([Revelation 20:3](../../../kjv/revelation/20/3); [Revelation 20:7-9](../../../kjv/revelation/20/7-9)),
previous to Satan's last doom ([Revelation 20:7-66](../../../kjv/revelation/20/7-66)).

**5. every battle,** c.—rather,
"every greave of (the warrior who is) armed with greaves in the
din of battle, and the martial garment (or cloak, called by the
Latins *sagum*) rolled in blood, shall be for burning, (and)
fuel for fire" [MAURER].
All warlike accoutrements shall be destroyed, as no longer required
in the new era of peace ([Isaiah 2:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/2/4)
[Isaiah 11:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/11/6); [Isaiah 11:7](../../../kjv/isaiah/11/7);
[Psalms 46:9](../../../kjv/psalms/46/9); [Ezekiel 39:9](../../../kjv/ezekiel/39/9);
[Micah 5:5](../../../kjv/micah/5/5); [Micah 5:10](../../../kjv/micah/5/10);
[Zechariah 9:9](../../../kjv/zechariah/9/9); [Zechariah 9:10](../../../kjv/zechariah/9/10)).
Compare [Malachi 4:1](../../../kjv/malachi/4/1), as to the
previous *burning* up of the wicked.

**6. For**—the ground of these
great expectations,
**unto us**—for the benefit
of the Jews first, and then the Gentiles (compare "unto *you,*"
[Luke 2:11](../../../kjv/luke/2/11)).
**son . . . given**— ([Luke 2:11](../../../kjv/luke/2/11)). God's gratuitous gift, on which man had no claim ([John 3:16](../../../kjv/john/3/16);
[Romans 6:23](../../../kjv/romans/6/23)).
**government . . . upon . . .
shoulder**—The ensign of office used to be worn *on the
shoulder,* in token of *sustaining* the government ([Romans 6:23](../../../kjv/romans/6/23)). Here *the government on* Messiah's *shoulder*
is in marked antithesis to the "yoke and staff" of the
oppressor on Israel's "shoulder" ([Romans 6:23](../../../kjv/romans/6/23)). He shall receive the kingdom of the earth from the Father,
to vindicate it from the misrule of those to whom it was entrusted to
hold it for and under the Most High, but who sought to hold it in
defiance of His right; the Father asserts His right by the Son, the
"Heir of all things," who will hold it for Him ([Daniel 7:13](../../../kjv/daniel/7/13);
[Daniel 7:14](../../../kjv/daniel/7/14)).
**name . . . called**—His
*essential characteristics shall be.*
**Wonderful**—(See on [Daniel 7:14](../../../kjv/daniel/7/14); [Judges 13:18](../../../kjv/judges/13/18), *Margin;*
[1 Timothy 3:16](../../../kjv/1-timothy/3/16)).
**Counsellor**— ([Psalms 16:7](../../../kjv/psalms/16/7);
[Romans 11:33](../../../kjv/romans/11/33); [Romans 11:34](../../../kjv/romans/11/34);
[1 Corinthians 1:24](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/1/24); [Colossians 2:3](../../../kjv/colossians/2/3)).
**mighty God**— ([Isaiah 10:21](../../../kjv/isaiah/10/21);
[Psalms 24:8](../../../kjv/psalms/24/8); [Titus 2:13](../../../kjv/titus/2/13))
HORSLEY translates: "God
the mighty man." "Unto us . . . God" is equivalent to
"Immanuel" ([Isaiah 7:14](../../../kjv/isaiah/7/14)).
**everlasting Father**—This
marks Him as "Wonderful," that He is "a child,"
yet the "everlasting *Father*" ([John 10:30](../../../kjv/john/10/30);
[John 14:9](../../../kjv/john/14/9)). Earthly kings leave
their people after a short reign; He will reign over and bless them
*for ever* [HENGSTENBERG].
**Prince of Peace**—(See on
[Isaiah 9:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/5); [Isaiah 9:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/5); *Shiloh,* "The Tranquillizer"). Finally ([Isaiah 9:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/5)). Even already He is "our peace" ([Luke 2:14](../../../kjv/luke/2/14);
[Ephesians 2:14](../../../kjv/ephesians/2/14)).

**7. Of . . . increase . . . no
end**—His princely rule shall perpetually increase and be
unlimited ([Daniel 2:44](../../../kjv/daniel/2/44)).
**throne of David**—
([1 Kings 8:25](../../../kjv/1-kings/8/25); [Psalms 2:6](../../../kjv/psalms/2/6);
[Psalms 132:11](../../../kjv/psalms/132/11); [Jeremiah 3:17](../../../kjv/jeremiah/3/17);
[Jeremiah 3:18](../../../kjv/jeremiah/3/18) [Ezekiel 34:23-26](../../../kjv/ezekiel/34/23-26);
[Ezekiel 37:16](../../../kjv/ezekiel/37/16); [Ezekiel 37:22](../../../kjv/ezekiel/37/22);
[Luke 1:32](../../../kjv/luke/1/32); [Luke 1:33](../../../kjv/luke/1/33);
[Acts 2:30](../../../kjv/acts/2/30)).
**judgment . . . justice**—It
is not a kingdom of mere might, and triumph of force over enemies,
but of righteousness ([Isaiah 42:21](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/21);
[Psalms 45:6](../../../kjv/psalms/45/6); [Psalms 45:7](../../../kjv/psalms/45/7)),
attainable only in and by Messiah.
**zeal,** c.—including not
only Christ's hidden spiritual victory over Satan at the first
coming, but the open one accompanied with "judgments" on
Antichrist and every enemy at the second coming ([Isaiah 59:17](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/17)
[Psalms 9:6-8](../../../kjv/psalms/9/6-8)).
[Psalms 9:6-19](../../../kjv/psalms/9/6-19). PROPHECY AS TO THE
TEN TRIBES.
Delivered a little later than the
previous one. The ninth and tenth chapters ought to have been so
divided. The present division into *chapters* was made by
Cardinal Hugo, in A.D.
1250; and into *verses,* by Robert Stephens, the famous printer
of Paris, in 1551. After the Assyrian invasion of Syria, that of
Ephraim shall follow ([2 Kings 16:9](../../../kjv/2-kings/16/9));
[Isaiah 9:8-11](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/8-11); [Isaiah 9:17-20](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/17-20),
foretell the intestine discords in Israel after Hoshea had slain
Pekah (A.D. 739), that is,
just after the Assyrian invasions, when for seven years it was
stripped of magistrates and torn into factions. There are four
strophes, each setting forth Ephraim's *crime* and consequent
*punishment,* and ending with the formula, "For all this
His anger is not turned away," c. ([Isaiah 9:12](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/12)
[Isaiah 9:17](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/17); [Isaiah 9:21](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/21);
[Isaiah 10:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/10/4)).

**8.** *Heading of the prophecy;*
([Isaiah 9:8-12](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/8-12)), the *first*
strophe.
**unto Jacob**—*against*
the ten tribes [LOWTH].
**lighted upon**—fallen
from heaven by divine revelation ([Isaiah 9:8-23](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/8-23)).

**9. know**—to their cost:
experimentally ([Hosea 9:7](../../../kjv/hosea/9/7)).
**Samaria**—the capital of
Ephraim (compare as to phrase, [Hosea 9:7](../../../kjv/hosea/9/7)).

**10. bricks**—in the East
generally sun-dried, and therefore soon dissolved by rain. Granting,
say the Ephraimites to the prophet's threat, that our affairs are in
a ruinous state, we will restore them to more than their former
magnificence. Self-confident unwillingness to see the judgments of
God ([Isaiah 26:11](../../../kjv/isaiah/26/11)).
**hewn stones**— ([Isaiah 26:11](../../../kjv/isaiah/26/11)).
**sycamores**—growing
abundantly on the low lands of Judea, and though useful for building
on account of their antiseptic property (which induced the Egyptians
to use them for the cases of their mummies), not very valuable. The
*cedar,* on the other hand, was odorous, free from knots,
durable, and precious ([1 Kings 10:27](../../../kjv/1-kings/10/27)).
"We will replace cottages with palaces."

**11. adversaries of Rezin**—the
Assyrians, who shall first attack Damascus, shall next advance
"against *him*" (Ephraim). This is the punishment of
Ephraim's pride in making light () of the judgment already inflicted by God through
Tiglath-pileser ([2 Kings 15:29](../../../kjv/2-kings/15/29)). A
*second* Assyrian invasion (see on [2 Kings 15:29](../../../kjv/2-kings/15/29)) shall follow. The reading "princes" for
"adversaries" in uncalled for.
**join**—rather, "arm";
cover with armor [MAURER].
**his**—Rezin's.

**12. Syrians**—Though now allies
of Ephraim, after Rezin's death they shall join the Assyrians against
Ephraim. "Together," in , refers to this. Conquering nations often enlist in their
armies the subject races ([Isaiah 22:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/22/6);
compare [2 Kings 16:9](../../../kjv/2-kings/16/9); [Jeremiah 35:11](../../../kjv/jeremiah/35/11)),
[ABEN EZRA,
GESENIUS]. HORSLEY
less probably takes "Syrians before," as *the Syrians to
the east,* that is, not Rezin's subjects, but the *Assyrians:*
"Aram" being the common name of Syrians and Assyrians.
**Philistines**—of
Palestine.
**behind**—from the *west:*
in marking the points of the compass, Orientalists face the east,
which is *before* them: the west is *behind. The right hand*
is the south: *the left,* the north.
**devour**—as a ravenous
beast ([Isaiah 1:20](../../../kjv/isaiah/1/20); [Jeremiah 10:25](../../../kjv/jeremiah/10/25);
[Jeremiah 30:16](../../../kjv/jeremiah/30/16); [Numbers 14:9](../../../kjv/numbers/14/9)).
**For all this,** &c.—The
burden of each strophe.

**13-17.** Second strophe.
**turneth not**—the design of
God's chastisements; not fulfilled in their case; a new cause for
punishment ([Jeremiah 2:20](../../../kjv/jeremiah/2/20); [Jeremiah 5:3](../../../kjv/jeremiah/5/3)).

**14. head and tail**—proverbial
for *the highest and lowest* ([Deuteronomy 28:13](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/28/13);
[Deuteronomy 28:44](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/28/44)).
**branch and rush**—another
image for the same thought ([Deuteronomy 28:44](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/28/44)). The branch is *elevated* on the top of the tree: the
rush is coarse and *low.*

**15. ancient**—the older.
**honourable**—the man of
rank.
**prophet . . . lies, . . .
tail**—There were many such in Samaria ([1 Kings 22:6](../../../kjv/1-kings/22/6);
[1 Kings 22:22](../../../kjv/1-kings/22/22); [1 Kings 22:23](../../../kjv/1-kings/22/23);
compare as to "tail," [1 Kings 22:23](../../../kjv/1-kings/22/23)).

**16. leaders,** &c.—(See , *Margin,* and see on .)

**17. no joy**—the parallelism,
"neither . . . mercy," shows that this means, He shall have
*no such delight* in their youthful warriors, however much they
be the nation's delight and reliance, as to *save* them from the
enemy's sword ([Isaiah 31:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/31/8);
compare [Jeremiah 18:21](../../../kjv/jeremiah/18/21)).
**fatherless,** c.—not even
the usual objects of His pity ([Psalms 10:14](../../../kjv/psalms/10/14)
[Psalms 10:18](../../../kjv/psalms/10/18); [Psalms 68:5](../../../kjv/psalms/68/5);
[Jeremiah 49:11](../../../kjv/jeremiah/49/11); [Hosea 14:3](../../../kjv/hosea/14/3))
shall be spared.
**hypocrite**—rather, a
libertine, polluted [HORSLEY].
**folly**—wickedness ([Hosea 14:3](../../../kjv/hosea/14/3)).
**still**—Notwithstanding
all these judgments, more remain.

**18-21.** Third strophe.
**burneth**—maketh
consumption, not only *spreading* rapidly, but also *consuming*
like fire: sin is its own punishment.
**briers . . . thorns**—emblem
of the wicked; especially those of low rank ([Isaiah 27:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/27/4);
[2 Samuel 23:6](../../../kjv/2-samuel/23/6)).
**forest**—from the humble
*shrubbery* the flame spreads to the vast *forest;* it
reaches *the high,* as well as *the low.*
**mount up like . . .
smoke**—rather. "They (*the thickets of the forest*)
shall *lift themselves proudly aloft* [the *Hebrew* is from
a *Syriac* root, *a cock,* expressing stateliness of
motion, from his strutting gait, HORSLEY],
in (in passing into) volumes of ascending smoke" [MAURER].

**19. darkened**—namely, with
smoke ([Isaiah 9:18](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/18)). The
*Septuagint* and *Chaldee* render it, "is burnt up,"
so MAURER, from an *Arabic*
root meaning "suffocating heat."
**no man . . . spare . . .
brother**—intestine discord snapping asunder the dearest ties of
nature.

**20. hungry**—not literally.
Image from unappeasable hunger, to picture internal factions,
reckless of the most tender ties (), and insatiably spreading misery and death on every side
([Jeremiah 19:9](../../../kjv/jeremiah/19/9)).
**eat**—not literally, but
*destroy* ([Psalms 27:2](../../../kjv/psalms/27/2);
[Job 19:22](../../../kjv/job/19/22)).
**flesh of . . . arm**—those
nearest akin: their former support (helper) ([Job 19:22](../../../kjv/job/19/22)) [MAURER].

**21. Manasseh, Ephraim**—the two
sons of Joseph. So closely united as to form between them but one
tribe; but now about to be rent into factions, thirsting for each
other's blood. Disunited in all things else, but united "together
against their brother Judah" ([2 Kings 15:10](../../../kjv/2-kings/15/10);
[2 Kings 15:30](../../../kjv/2-kings/15/30)).

```json
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