---
title: "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible -  Jeremiah 48"
description: "CHAPTER 48   :-. PROPHECY AGAINST
MOAB. It had taken part with the
Chaldeans against Judea (2 Kings 24:2).
Fulfilled by Nebuchadnezzar five years after th"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/jeremiah/48"
---

CHAPTER 48

. PROPHECY AGAINST
MOAB.
It had taken part with the
Chaldeans against Judea ([2 Kings 24:2](../../../kjv/2-kings/24/2)).
Fulfilled by Nebuchadnezzar five years after the destruction of
Jerusalem, when also he attacked Egypt ([2 Kings 24:2](../../../kjv/2-kings/24/2)) and Ammon ([2 Kings 24:2](../../../kjv/2-kings/24/2)). [JOSEPHUS,
*Antiquities,* 10:9,7]. Jeremiah in this prophecy uses that of
[Isaiah 15:1-16](../../../kjv/isaiah/15/1-16),
amplifying and adapting it to his purpose under inspiration, at the
same time confirming its divine authority. Isaiah, however, in his
prophecy refers to the devastation of Moab by the Assyrian king,
*Shalmaneser;* Jeremiah refers to that by *Nebuchadnezzar.*

**1. Nebo**—a mountain and town of
Moab; its meaning is "that which fructifies."
**Kiriathaim**—a city of
Moab, *consisting of two cities,* as the word signifies;
originally held by the Emim ().
**Misgab**—meaning
"elevation." It lay on an elevation.

**2. no more praise**— ().
**in Heshbon**—The foe
having taken Heshbon, the chief city of Moab (), in it *devise* evil against *Moab* ("it")
saying, Come, c. Heshbon was midway between the rivers Arnon and
Jabbok it was the residence of Sihon, king of the Amorites, and
afterwards a Levitical city in Gad (). There is a play on words in the *Hebrew,* "*Heshbon,
Hashbu.*" *Heshbon* means a place of *devising* or
*counsel.* The city, heretofore called the *seat of counsel,*
shall find other *counsellors,* namely, those who devise its
destruction.
**thou shall be cut down . . .
Madmen**—rather, by a play on words on the meaning of *madmen*
("silence"), *Thou shalt be brought to silence,* so as
well to deserve thy name (). Thou shalt not dare to utter a sound.

**3. Horonaim**—the same as the
city Avara, mentioned by PTOLEMY.
The word means "double caves" ([Nehemiah 2:10](../../../kjv/nehemiah/2/10);
[Isaiah 15:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/15/5)).

**4. little ones . . . cry**—heightening
the distress of the scene. The foe does not spare even infants.

**5. going up of Luhith . . . going
down of Horonaim**—Horonaim lay in a plain, Luhith on a height.
To the latter, therefore, the Moabites would flee with "continual
*weeping,*" as a place of safety from the Chaldeans.
Literally, "Weeping shall go up upon weeping."

**6.** They exhort one another to
flee.
**heath**—or the juniper
(see on [Jeremiah 48:1](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/1)). MAURER
translates, "Be like one *naked* in the wilderness."
But the sense is, Live *in the wilderness like the heath,* or
juniper; do not "*trust in*" walls ([Jeremiah 48:1](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/1)) [GROTIUS].
(Compare [Matthew 24:16-18](../../../kjv/matthew/24/16-18)).

**7. thy works**—namely,
fortifications built by thy work. Moab was famous for its fortresses
([Jeremiah 48:18](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/18)). The antithesis is
to [Jeremiah 48:6](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/6), "Be . . . in
the wilderness," where there are no fortified cities.
**thou . . . also**—like
the rest of the surrounding peoples, Judah, c.
**Chemosh**—the tutelary
god of Moab ([Numbers 21:29](../../../kjv/numbers/21/29) [Judges 11:24](../../../kjv/judges/11/24);
[1 Kings 11:7](../../../kjv/1-kings/11/7); [2 Kings 23:13](../../../kjv/2-kings/23/13)).
When a people were vanquished, their gods also were taken away by the
victors ([Jeremiah 43:12](../../../kjv/jeremiah/43/12)).

**8. the valley . . . shall
perish**—that is, those dwelling in the valley.

**9. Give wings,** c.— (). Unless it get wings, it cannot escape the foe. "Wings,"
the *Hebrew* root meaning is a "flower" () so the flower-like *plumage* of a bird.

**10. work of . . . Lord**—the
divinely appointed utter devastation of Moab. To represent how
entirely this is God's will, a curse is pronounced on the Chaldeans,
the instrument, if they do it *negligently* (*Margin*) or
by halves ([Judges 5:23](../../../kjv/judges/5/23)); compare
Saul's sin as to Amalek ([1 Samuel 15:3](../../../kjv/1-samuel/15/3);
[1 Samuel 15:9](../../../kjv/1-samuel/15/9)), and Ahab's as to Syria
([1 Kings 20:42](../../../kjv/1-kings/20/42)).

**11. settled on . . . lees**—(See
on ; ). As wine left to settle on its own lees retains its flavor
and strength (which it would lose by being poured from one vessel
into another), so Moab, owing to its never having been dislodged from
its settlements, retains its pride of strength unimpaired.
**emptied from vessel,**
&c.—To make it fit for use, it used to be filtered from vessel
to vessel.
**scent**—retaining the
image: the bouquet or perfume of the wine.

**12. wanderers**—rather, "pourers
out," retaining the image of , that is, the Chaldeans who shall remove Moab from his
settlements, as men pour wine from off the lees into other vessels.
"His vessels" are the cities of Moab; the broken "bottles"
the men slain [GROTIUS].
The *Hebrew* and the kindred *Arabic* word means, "to
turn on one side," so as to empty a vessel [MAURER].

**13. ashamed**—have the shame of
disappointment as to the hopes they entertained of aid from Chemosh,
their idol.
**Beth-el**— ([1 Kings 12:27](../../../kjv/1-kings/12/27);
[1 Kings 12:29](../../../kjv/1-kings/12/29)) —that is, *the
golden calf* set up there by Jeroboam.

**15. gone up . . . gone down**—in
antithesis.
**out of her cities**—Rather,
"Moab . . . and her cities are gone up," namely, pass away
in the ascending smoke of their conflagration ([Joshua 8:20](../../../kjv/joshua/8/20);
[Joshua 8:21](../../../kjv/joshua/8/21); [Judges 20:40](../../../kjv/judges/20/40)).
When this took place, the young warriors would *go down* from
the burning citadels only to meet their own *slaughter*
[GROTIUS]. *English
Version* is somewhat favored by the fact that "gone out"
is *singular,* and "cities" *plural.* The
antithesis favors GROTIUS.

**16. near**—to the prophet's eye,
though probably twenty-three years elapsed between the utterance of
the prophecy in the fourth year of Jehoiakim () and its fulfilment in the fifth year of Nebuchadnezzar.

**17. bemoan**—Not that Moab
deserves pity, but this mode of expression pictures more vividly the
grievousness of Moab's calamities.
**all ye that know his
name**—those at a greater distance whom the fame of Moab's "name"
had reached, as distinguished from those "about him," that
is, near.
**strong staff . . . rod**—Moab
is so called as striking terror into and oppressing other peoples
([Isaiah 9:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/9/4); [Isaiah 14:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/14/4);
[Isaiah 14:5](../../../kjv/isaiah/14/5)); also because of its
dignity and power ([Psalms 110:2](../../../kjv/psalms/110/2);
[Zechariah 11:7](../../../kjv/zechariah/11/7)).

**18.** ().
**dost inhabit**—now so
securely settled as if in a lasting habitation.
**thirst**—Dibon, being
situated on the Arnon, abounded in water (). In sad contrast with this, and with her "glory"
in general, she shall be reduced not only to shame, but to the want
of the commonest necessaries ("thirst") in the arid
wilderness ([Jeremiah 48:6](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/6)).

**19. Aroer**—on the north bank of
the Arnon, a city of Ammon ([Deuteronomy 2:36](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/2/36);
[Deuteronomy 3:12](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/3/12)). As it was on "*the
way*" of the Moabites who fled into the desert, its
inhabitants "ask" what is the occasion of Moab's flight,
and so learn the lot that awaits themselves (compare [1 Samuel 4:13](../../../kjv/1-samuel/4/13);
[1 Samuel 4:16](../../../kjv/1-samuel/4/16)).

**20.** Answer of the fleeing
Moabites to the Ammonite inquirers ([Jeremiah 48:19](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/19);
[Isaiah 16:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/16/2)). He enumerates the
Moabite cities at length, as it seemed so incredible that all should
be so utterly ruined. Many of them were assigned to the Levites,
while Israel stood.
**in Arnon**—the north
boundary between Moab and Ammon ([Jeremiah 48:19](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/19);
[Numbers 21:13](../../../kjv/numbers/21/13)).

**21. plain**— (). Not only the mountainous regions, but also the plain,
shall be wasted.
**Holon**—(Compare ).
**Jahazah**— ([Numbers 21:23](../../../kjv/numbers/21/23);
[Isaiah 15:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/15/4)).
**Mephaath**— ([Joshua 13:18](../../../kjv/joshua/13/18);
[Joshua 21:37](../../../kjv/joshua/21/37)).

**22. Beth-diblathaim**—"the
house of Diblathaim": Almon-diblathaim (); "Diblath" (); not far from Mount Nebo ([Numbers 33:46](../../../kjv/numbers/33/46);
[Numbers 33:47](../../../kjv/numbers/33/47)).

**23. Beth-gamul**—meaning "the
city of camels."
**Beth-meon**—"the
house of habitation": Beth-baalmeon (). Now its ruins are called Miun.

**24. Kerioth**— ([Joshua 15:25](../../../kjv/joshua/15/25);
[Amos 2:2](../../../kjv/amos/2/2)).
**Bozrah**—(See on [Amos 2:2](../../../kjv/amos/2/2)); at one time under the dominion of Edom, though belonging
originally to Moab ([Genesis 36:33](../../../kjv/genesis/36/33);
[Isaiah 63:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/63/1)). Others think the
Bozrah in Edom distinct from that of Moab. "Bezer" ([Isaiah 63:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/63/1)).

**25. horn**—the emblem of
strength and sovereignty: it is the horned animal's means of offense
and defense ([Psalms 75:5](../../../kjv/psalms/75/5); [Psalms 75:10](../../../kjv/psalms/75/10);
[Lamentations 2:3](../../../kjv/lamentations/2/3)).

**26. drunken**—(see on ; [Jeremiah 25:17](../../../kjv/jeremiah/25/17)).
Intoxicated with the cup of divine wrath, so as to be in helpless
distraction.
**magnified . . . against . . .
Lord**—boasted arrogantly against *God's people,* that
whereas Israel was fallen, Moab remained flourishing.
**wallow in . . .
vomit**—following up the image of a drunken man, that is, shall
be so afflicted by God's wrath as to *disgorge* all his past
pride, riches, and vainglory, and *fall* in his shameful
abasement.
**he also . . . derision**—He
in his disaster shall be an object of derision to us, as we in ours
have been to him ([Jeremiah 48:27](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/27)).
Retribution in kind.

**27.** ().
**a derision**—The *Hebrew*
has the article: referring to , "Was not Israel (*the whole* nation) *the*
object of derision to thee?" Therefore, Moab is to suffer as
formerly for its exultation over the calamity () of the ten tribes under the Assyrian Shalmaneser (), so now for its exultation over the fall of Judah,
under the Chaldean Nebuchadnezzar. God takes up His people's cause as
His own ([Obadiah 1:10-13](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/10-13)).
**was he . . . among thieves**—
([Jeremiah 2:26](../../../kjv/jeremiah/2/26)). Proverbial. What
did Israel do to deserve such derision? *Was he detected in theft,*
that thou didst so *exult* over him *in speaking of him?*
Though guilty before God, Israel was guiltless towards thee.
**since**—"since ever"
thou didst begin speaking of him.
**skippedst for joy**—at
Israel's calamity [CALVIN];
or, "thou didst *shake thy head*" in "derision"
[MAURER].

**28.** Doves often have their nests
in the "sides" of caverns. No longer shalt thou have cities
to shelter thee: thou shalt have to flee for shelter to caves and
deserts ([Psalms 55:6](../../../kjv/psalms/55/6); [Psalms 55:8](../../../kjv/psalms/55/8);
[Song of Solomon 2:14](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/2/14)).

**29. pride**— ([Isaiah 16:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/16/6);
[Isaiah 16:7](../../../kjv/isaiah/16/7)). Moab was the trumpeter
of his own fame. Jeremiah adds "loftiness and arrogancy" to
Isaiah's picture, so that Moab had not only not been bettered by the
chastisement previously endured as foretold by Isaiah, but had even
become worse; so that his guilt, and therefore his sentence of
punishment, are increased now. Six times Moab's pride (or the
synonyms) are mentioned, to show the exceeding hatefulness of his
sin.

**30. I know**—Moab's "proud
arrogancy" ([Jeremiah 48:29](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/29)) or
"wrath," against My people, is not unknown to Me.
**it shall not be so**—The
result shall *not* be so as he thinks: *his lies shall not so
effect* what he aims at by them. CALVIN
translates, "his lies are not right (that is, his vauntings are
vain because God will not give them effect); they shall not do so"
as they project in their minds, for God will set at naught their
plans.

**31. I will cry . . . for . . .
Moab**—Not that it deserves pity, but the prophet's "crying"
for it vividly represents the greatness of the calamity.
**Kir-heres**—Kir-hareseth,
in [Isaiah 16:7](../../../kjv/isaiah/16/7); see on [Isaiah 16:7](../../../kjv/isaiah/16/7). It means "the city of potters," or else "the
city of the sun" [GROTIUS].
Here "the *men* of Kir-heres" are substituted for "the
*foundations* of Kir-hareseth," in [Isaiah 16:7](../../../kjv/isaiah/16/7). The change answers probably to the different bearing of the
disaster under Nebuchadnezzar, as compared with that former one under
Shalmaneser.

**32. with the weeping**—with the
same weeping as Jazer, now vanquished, wept with for the destruction
of its vines. The same calamity shall befall thee, Sibmah, as befell
Jazer. The *Hebrew* preposition here is different from that in
[Isaiah 16:9](../../../kjv/isaiah/16/9), for which reason
MAURER translates, "with
*more than* the weeping of Jazer." *English Version*
understands it of the *continuation* of the weeping; after they
have wept for Jazer, fresh subject of lamentation will present itself
for the wasting of the vine-abounding Sibmah.
**plants . . . gone over . . .
sea of Jazer**—As the *Septuagint* reads "*cities*
of Jazer," and as no traces of a lake near Jazer are found, the
reading of *English Version* is doubtful. Retaining the present
reading, we avoid the difficulty by translating [GROTIUS],
"Thy plants (that is, *citizens:* alluding to the 'vine')
are gone over the sea (that is, shall be transported beyond the sea
to Cyprus, and such distant lands subject to Babylon; and this, too,
in summertime), whereas Jazer (that is, the men of Jazer) reached the
sea" (shore only, but are not transported beyond the sea); so
that worse shall befall thee than befalls Jazer.
**spoiler**—Nebuzara-dan.

**33. the plentiful field**—rather,
"Carmel": as the parallel "land of Moab"
requires, though in [Isaiah 16:10](../../../kjv/isaiah/16/10),
it is "the plentiful field." Joy is taken away as from the
nearer regions (Canaan and Palestine), so from the farther "land
of Moab"; what has happened to Judah shall befall Moab, too
([Jeremiah 48:26](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/26); [Jeremiah 48:27](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/27))
[MAURER]. However, Moab
alone seems to be spoken of here; nor does the parallelism forbid
"plentiful field" answering to "Moab." *English
Version* is therefore better.
**shouting**—repeated; as
at the conclusion of the vintage, men sing over and over again the
same cry of joy. A shouting shall be heard, but not the joyous
shouting of laborers treading the grapes, but the terrible battle cry
of the foe.

**34. From the cry of Heshbon,**
&c.—Those who fly from Heshbon on its capture shall continue
the cry even as far as Elealeh . . . . There will be continued cries
in all quarters, from one end to the other, everywhere slaughter and
wasting.
**as an heifer of three years
old**—Moab heretofore not having known foreign yoke, and in its
full strength, is compared to an heifer of three years old, never yet
yoked, nor as yet worn out with many birth-givings (compare *Note,*
see on ).
**waters . . . of Nimrim**—that
is, the *well-watered* and therefore luxuriant *pastures*
of Nimrim.
**desolate**—The *Hebrew*
is stronger: not merely shall be "desolate," but *desolation*
itself multiplied: *plural,* "desolations." The most
fertile tracts shall be dried up.

**35. him that offereth**—namely,
*whole burnt offerings* as the *Hebrew* requires [GROTIUS].
Compare the awful burnt offering of the king of Moab ().
**high places**— ().

**36.** (See on ; ).
**like pipes**—a plaintive
instrument, therefore used at funerals and in general mourning.
**riches . . .
gotten**—literally, *the abundance . . . that which is over and
above* the necessaries of life. GROTIUS
translates, "They who have been left remaining shall perish";
they who have not been slain by the enemy shall perish by disease and
famine.

**37.** (See on ; [Isaiah 15:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/15/2); [Isaiah 15:3](../../../kjv/isaiah/15/3)).
**upon all . . . hands**—that
is, arms, in which such cuttings used to be made in token of grief
(compare [Zechariah 13:6](../../../kjv/zechariah/13/6)).

**38. vessel . . . no pleasure**—(See
on [Jeremiah 48:2](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/2)); a vessel cast
aside by the potter as refuse, not answering his design.

**39. it**—Moab.
**How . . . how**—prodigious,
yet sure to happen.
**turned the back**—not
daring to show her face.
**derision . . . dismaying to
all**—a derision to some; a dismaying to others in beholding such
a judgment of God, fearing a like fate for themselves.

**40. he**—Nebuzara-dan, the
captain of Nebuchadnezzar.
**as . . . eagle**—not to
bear them "on eagles' wings" ([Exodus 19:4](../../../kjv/exodus/19/4);
[Deuteronomy 32:11](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/32/11); [Deuteronomy 32:12](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/32/12)),
as God does His people, but to pounce on them as a prey ([Jeremiah 49:22](../../../kjv/jeremiah/49/22);
[Deuteronomy 28:49](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/28/49); [Habakkuk 1:8](../../../kjv/habakkuk/1/8)).

**41. as . . . woman in . . . pangs**—
([Isaiah 13:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/13/8)).

**42.** (See on ).

**43, 44.** (See on ).

**44.** When thou thinkest thou hast
escaped one kind of danger, a fresh one will start up.

**45. under . . . shadow of
Heshbon**—They thought that they would be safe in Heshbon.
**because of the force**—that
is, "they that fled because of the force" of *the enemy:*
they that fled *from* it. GLASSIUS
translates, "through want of strength." So the *Hebrew*
particle is translated (), "faileth of fatness," that is, "faileth
through *want* of fatness"; also .
**but a fire,** c.—copied
in part from Sihon's hymn of victory ([Numbers 21:27](../../../kjv/numbers/21/27)
[Numbers 21:28](../../../kjv/numbers/21/28)). The old "proverb"
shall hold good again. As in ancient times Sihon, king of the
Amorites, issued forth from his city, Heshbon, as a devouring "flame"
and consumed Moab, so now the Chaldeans, making Heshbon their
starting-point, shall advance to the destruction of Moab.
**midst of Sihon**—that is,
the city of Sihon.
**corner of Moab**—that is,
Moab from one corner to the other.
**crown of . . . head**—the
most *elevated* points of Moab. Making some alterations, he here
copies Balaam's prophecy ([Numbers 21:28](../../../kjv/numbers/21/28)). *Margin* there translates "princes" for
corners; if so, "crown of . . . head" here refers to the
nobles.
**tumultuous ones**—*sons
of tumult;* those who have tumultuously revolted from Babylon.
Heshbon passed from the Amorite to the Israelite sway. Moab had
wrested it from Israel and helped the Chaldeans against the Jews; but
revolting from Babylon, they brought ruin on themselves in turn.

**46.** Copied from .

**47.** Restoration promised to
Moab, for the sake of righteous Lot, their progenitor ([Genesis 19:37](../../../kjv/genesis/19/37);
[Exodus 20:6](../../../kjv/exodus/20/6); [Psalms 89:30-33](../../../kjv/psalms/89/30-33)).
Compare as to Egypt, [Jeremiah 46:26](../../../kjv/jeremiah/46/26);
Ammon, [Jeremiah 49:6](../../../kjv/jeremiah/49/6); Elam, [Jeremiah 49:6](../../../kjv/jeremiah/49/6). Gospel blessings, temporal and spiritual, to the Gentiles
in the last days, are intended.

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