---
title: "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible -  Obadiah 1"
description: "CHAPTER 1   :-. DOOM OF EDOM
FOR CRUELTY TO
JUDAH, EDOM"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/obadiah/1"
---

CHAPTER 1

. DOOM OF EDOM
FOR CRUELTY TO
JUDAH, EDOM'S
BROTHER; RESTORATION
OF THE JEWS.

**1. Obadiah**—that is, servant of
Jehovah; same as *Abdeel* and *Arabic Abd-allah.*
**We**—I and my people.
**heard**— ().
**and an ambassador is
sent**—Yea, an ambassador is *already* sent, namely, an
angel, to stir up the Assyrians (and afterwards the Chaldeans)
against Edom. The result of the ambassador's message on the heathen
is, they simultaneously exclaim, "Arise ye, and let us (with
united strength) rise," &c. quotes this.

**2. I have made thee small**—Thy
reduction to insignificance is *as sure as if it were already
accomplished;* therefore the past tense is used [MAURER].
Edom then extended from Dedan of Arabia to Bozrah in the north
([Jeremiah 49:8](../../../kjv/jeremiah/49/8); [Jeremiah 49:13](../../../kjv/jeremiah/49/13)).
CALVIN explains it,
"Whereas thou wast made by Me an insignificant people, why art
thou so *proud*" ([Obadiah 1:3](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/3))?
But if so, why should the heathen peoples be needed to subdue one so
insignificant? [Jeremiah 49:15](../../../kjv/jeremiah/49/15),
confirms MAURER'S view.

**3. clefts of . . . rock**—
([Song of Solomon 2:14](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/2/14); [Jeremiah 48:28](../../../kjv/jeremiah/48/28)).
The cities of Edom, and among them Petra (*Hebrew, sela,*
meaning "rock," [2 Kings 14:7](../../../kjv/2-kings/14/7),
*Margin*), the capital, in the Wady Musa, consisted of houses
mostly cut in the rocks.

**4. exalt*****thyself*******—or supply from the second clause, "thy nest"
[MAURER] (Compare [Job 20:6](../../../kjv/job/20/6);
[Jeremiah 49:16](../../../kjv/jeremiah/49/16); [Amos 9:2](../../../kjv/amos/9/2)).
**set . . . nest among . . .
stars**—namely, on the loftiest hills which seem to reach the
very stars. Edom is a type of Antichrist ([Isaiah 14:13](../../../kjv/isaiah/14/13);
[Daniel 8:10](../../../kjv/daniel/8/10); [Daniel 11:37](../../../kjv/daniel/11/37)).
**thence will I bring thee
down**—in spite of thy boast ([Daniel 11:37](../../../kjv/daniel/11/37)), "*Who* shall bring me down?"

**5.** The spoliation which thou
shalt suffer shall not be such as that which thieves cause, bad as
that is, for these when they have seized enough, or all they can get
in a hurry, leave the rest—nor such as grape-gatherers cause in a
vineyard, for they, when they have gathered most of the grapes, leave
gleanings behind—but it shall be utter, so as to leave thee
nothing. The exclamation, "How art thou cut off!" bursting
in amidst the words of the image, marks strongly excited feeling. The
contrast between Edom where no gleanings shall be left, and Israel
where at the worst a gleaning is left ([Isaiah 17:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/17/6);
[Isaiah 24:13](../../../kjv/isaiah/24/13)), is striking.

**6. How are*****the things of*****Esau searched out!**—by hostile soldiers seeking booty. Compare
with [Obadiah 1:5](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/5); [Obadiah 1:6](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/6);
[Jeremiah 49:9](../../../kjv/jeremiah/49/9); [Jeremiah 49:10](../../../kjv/jeremiah/49/10).
**hidden things**—or
"places." Edom abounded in such hiding-places, as caves,
clefts in the rock, &c. None of these would be left unexplored by
the foe.

**7. Men of thy confederacy**—that
is, thy confederates.
**brought thee . . . to the
border**—that is, when Idumean ambassadors shall go to
confederate states seeking aid, these latter shall conduct them with
due ceremony to their border, giving them empty compliments, but not
the aid required [DRUSIUS].
This view agrees with the context, which speaks of false friends
*deceiving* Edom: that is, failing to give help in need (compare
[Job 6:14](../../../kjv/job/6/14); [Job 6:15](../../../kjv/job/6/15)).
CALVIN translates, "have
*driven,*" that is, *shall drive thee;* shall help to
drive thee *to thy border* on thy way into captivity in foreign
lands.
**the men that were at peace
with thee**—literally, "the men of thy peace." Compare
[Psalms 41:9](../../../kjv/psalms/41/9); [Jeremiah 38:22](../../../kjv/jeremiah/38/22),
*Margin,* where also the same formula occurs, "prevailed
against thee."
**they that eat thy bread**—the
poorer tribes of the desert who subsisted on the bounty of Edom.
Compare again [Psalms 41:9](../../../kjv/psalms/41/9), which
seems to have been before Obadiah's mind, as his words were before
Jeremiah's.
**have laid a wound under
thee**—"laid" implies that their intimacy was used as a
SNARE *laid* with a
view to wound; also, these guest friends of Edom, instead of the
cushions ordinarily *laid* under guests at table, *laid*
snares to wound, that is, had a secret understanding with Edom's foe
for that purpose. MAURER
translates, "a snare." But *English Version* agrees
with the *Hebrew,* which means, literally, "a bandage for a
wound."
**none understanding**—none
of the wisdom for which Edom was famed (see [Psalms 41:9](../../../kjv/psalms/41/9)) to extricate him from his perilous position.
**in him**—instead of "in
thee." The change implies the alienation of God from Edom: Edom
has so estranged himself from God, that He speaks now *of* him,
not *to* him.

**8.** (; compare [Job 5:12](../../../kjv/job/5/12);
[Job 5:13](../../../kjv/job/5/13); [Isaiah 19:3](../../../kjv/isaiah/19/3);
[Jeremiah 19:7](../../../kjv/jeremiah/19/7)).
**in that day . . . even
destroy**—Heretofore Edom, through its intercourse with Babylon
and Egypt, and from its means of information through the many
caravans passing to and fro between Europe and India, has been famed
for knowledge; but in that day *at last* ("even") I
will destroy its wise men.
**mount of Esau**—that is,
Idumea, which was a mountainous region.

**9. cut off by slaughter**—MAURER
translates, "on account of the slaughter," namely, that
inflicted on Judea by Edom (compare ). The *Septuagint, Syriac,* and *Vulgate* connect
these words with [Obadiah 1:10](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/10), "for
the slaughter, for the violence (of which thou art guilty) against
thy brother Jacob." *English Version,* "cut off *by
slaughter*" (that is, an *utter* cutting off), answers
well to "cut off *for ever*" ([Obadiah 1:10](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/10)). However, the arrangement of the *Septuagint* gives a
better parallelism in [Obadiah 1:10](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/10).
"For the *slaughter*" (1) being balanced in just
retribution by "thou shalt be *cut off* for ever" (4);
as "For thy *violence* (not so bad as *slaughter*)
against thy brother Jacob" (2) is balanced by "*shame*
(not so bad as being *cut off*) shall cover thee" (3).
Shame and extinction shall repay violence and slaughter ([Matthew 26:52](../../../kjv/matthew/26/52);
[Revelation 13:10](../../../kjv/revelation/13/10)). Compare as to Edom's
violence, [Psalms 137:7](../../../kjv/psalms/137/7); [Ezekiel 25:12](../../../kjv/ezekiel/25/12);
[Amos 1:11](../../../kjv/amos/1/11).

**10. against thy brother**—This
aggravates the sin of Esau, that it was against him who was his
brother by birth and by circumcision. The posterity of Esau followed
in the steps of their father's hatred to Jacob by violence against
Jacob's seed ([Genesis 27:41](../../../kjv/genesis/27/41)).
**Jacob**—not merely his
own brother, but his *twin* brother; hence the name *Jacob,*
not Israel, is here put emphatically. Compare [Genesis 27:41](../../../kjv/genesis/27/41) for the opposite feeling which Jacob's seed was commanded to
entertain towards Edom's.
**shame . . . cover thee**—
([Psalms 35:26](../../../kjv/psalms/35/26); [Psalms 69:7](../../../kjv/psalms/69/7)).
**for ever**— ([Isaiah 34:10](../../../kjv/isaiah/34/10);
[Ezekiel 35:9](../../../kjv/ezekiel/35/9); [Malachi 1:4](../../../kjv/malachi/1/4)).
Idumea, *as a nation,* should be "cut off for ever,"
though the land should be again inhabited.

**11. thou stoodest on the other
side**—in an attitude of hostility, rather than the sympathy
which became a brother, feasting thine eyes (see ) with the misery of Jacob, and eagerly watching for his
destruction. So Messiah, the antitype to Jerusalem, abandoned by His
kinsmen ([Psalms 38:11](../../../kjv/psalms/38/11)).
**strangers**—the
Philistines, Arabians in the reign of Jehoram, c. ([Psalms 38:11](../../../kjv/psalms/38/11)) the Syrians in the reign of Joash of Judah ([Psalms 38:11](../../../kjv/psalms/38/11)); the Chaldeans ([Psalms 38:11](../../../kjv/psalms/38/11)).
**carried . . . captive his
forces**—his "host" ([Psalms 38:11](../../../kjv/psalms/38/11)): the multitude of Jerusalem's inhabitants.
**cast lots upon Jerusalem**—
([Joel 3:3](../../../kjv/joel/3/3)). So Messiah,
Jerusalem's antitype, had lots cast for His only earthly possessions
([Psalms 22:18](../../../kjv/psalms/22/18)).

**12. looked on**—with malignant
pleasure, and a brutal stare. So the antitypes, Messiah's foes (). MAURER
translates, as the *Margin,* "thou shouldest not look"
any more. *English Version* agrees with the context better.
**the day of thy brother**—his
day of calamity.
**became a stranger**—that
is, was banished as an alien from his own land. God sends heavy
calamities on those who rejoice in the calamities of their enemies
([Proverbs 17:5](../../../kjv/proverbs/17/5); [Proverbs 24:17](../../../kjv/proverbs/24/17);
[Proverbs 24:18](../../../kjv/proverbs/24/18)). Contrast the opposite
conduct of David and of the divine Son of David in a like case ([Proverbs 24:18](../../../kjv/proverbs/24/18)).
**spoken proudly**—literally,
"made great the mouth"; proudly insulting the fallen ([Proverbs 24:18](../../../kjv/proverbs/24/18), *Margin;* compare [1 Samuel 2:8](../../../kjv/1-samuel/2/8);
[Revelation 13:6](../../../kjv/revelation/13/6)).

**13. substance**—translated
"forces" in [Obadiah 1:11](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/11).

**14. stood in the crossway, to cut
off those of his**—Judah's.
**that did escape**—The
Jews naturally fled by the crossways. (MAURER
translates, "narrow mountain passes") well known to them,
to escape to the desert, and through Edom to Egypt; but the Edomites
stood ready to intercept the fugitives and either kill or "deliver
them up" to the foe.

**15. For**—resumptive in
connection with [Obadiah 1:10](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/10), wherein
Edom was threatened with *cutting off for ever.*
**the day of the Lord**—the
day in which He will manifest Himself as the Righteous Punisher of
the ungodly peoples ([Joel 3:14](../../../kjv/joel/3/14)).
The "all" shows that the fulfilment is not exhausted in the
punishment inflicted on the surrounding nations by the
instrumentality of Nebuchadnezzar; but, as in [Joel 3:14](../../../kjv/joel/3/14);
[Zechariah 12:3](../../../kjv/zechariah/12/3), that the last judgment
to come on the nations confederate against Jerusalem is referred to.
**as thou hast done, it shall
be done unto thee**—the righteous principle of retribution in
kind ([Leviticus 24:17](../../../kjv/leviticus/24/17); [Matthew 7:2](../../../kjv/matthew/7/2);
compare [Judges 1:6](../../../kjv/judges/1/6); [Judges 1:7](../../../kjv/judges/1/7);
[Judges 8:19](../../../kjv/judges/8/19); [Esther 7:10](../../../kjv/esther/7/10)).
**thy reward**—the reward
of thy deed (compare [Esther 7:10](../../../kjv/esther/7/10)).

**16. ye . . . upon my holy mountain**—a
periphrasis for, "ye Jews" [MAURER],
whom Obadiah now by a sudden apostrophe addresses. The clause, "upon
My holy mountain," expresses the reason of the vengeance to be
taken on Judah's foes; namely, that Jerusalem is God's holy mountain,
the seat of His temple, and Judah His covenant-people. , which is copied from Obadiah, establishes this view
(compare [1 Peter 4:17](../../../kjv/1-peter/4/17)).
**as ye have drunk,**
c.—namely, the cup of wrath, being dispossessed of your goods and
places as a nation, by Edom and all the heathen so shall all the
heathen (Edom included) drink the same cup ([Psalms 60:3](../../../kjv/psalms/60/3);
[Isaiah 51:17](../../../kjv/isaiah/51/17); [Isaiah 51:22](../../../kjv/isaiah/51/22);
[Jeremiah 13:12](../../../kjv/jeremiah/13/12); [Jeremiah 13:13](../../../kjv/jeremiah/13/13);
[Jeremiah 25:15-33](../../../kjv/jeremiah/25/15-33); [Jeremiah 49:12](../../../kjv/jeremiah/49/12);
[Jeremiah 51:7](../../../kjv/jeremiah/51/7); [Lamentations 4:21](../../../kjv/lamentations/4/21);
[Lamentations 4:22](../../../kjv/lamentations/4/22) [Nahum 3:11](../../../kjv/nahum/3/11);
[Habakkuk 2:16](../../../kjv/habakkuk/2/16)).
**continually**—whereas
Judah's calamity shall be temporary ([Habakkuk 2:16](../../../kjv/habakkuk/2/16)). The foes of Judah shall never regain their former position
([Obadiah 1:18](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/18); [Obadiah 1:19](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/19)).
**swallow down**—so as not
to leave anything in the cup of calamity; not merely "drink"
([Psalms 75:8](../../../kjv/psalms/75/8)).
**be as though they had not
been**—not a trace left of their national existence ([Job 10:19](../../../kjv/job/10/19);
[Psalms 37:36](../../../kjv/psalms/37/36); [Ezekiel 26:21](../../../kjv/ezekiel/26/21)).

**17. upon . . . Zion . . .
deliverance**—both in the literal sense and spiritual sense
([Joel 2:32](../../../kjv/joel/2/32); [Isaiah 46:13](../../../kjv/isaiah/46/13);
[Isaiah 59:20](../../../kjv/isaiah/59/20); [Romans 11:26](../../../kjv/romans/11/26)).
MAURER as the *Margin*
explains it, "there shall be a remnant that shall escape."
Compare [Isaiah 37:32](../../../kjv/isaiah/37/32); to the
deliverance from Sennacherib there described GROTIUS
thinks Obadiah here refers. "Jerusalem shall not be taken, and
many of the neighboring peoples also shall find deliverance there."
Unlike Judah's heathen foes of whom no remnant shall escape ([Obadiah 1:9](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/9);
[Obadiah 1:16](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/16)), a remnant of Jews
shall escape when the rest of the nation has perished, and shall
regain their ancient "possessions."
**there shall be holiness**—that
is, Zion shall be sacrosanct or inviolable: no more violated by
foreign invaders ([Isaiah 42:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/42/1);
[Joel 3:17](../../../kjv/joel/3/17)).

**18. fire**—See the same figure,
[Numbers 21:28](../../../kjv/numbers/21/28); [Isaiah 5:24](../../../kjv/isaiah/5/24);
[Isaiah 10:17](../../../kjv/isaiah/10/17).
**house of Jacob . . .
Joseph**—that is, the two kingdoms, Judah and Ephraim or Israel
[JEROME]. The two shall
form one kingdom, their former feuds being laid aside ([Isaiah 11:12](../../../kjv/isaiah/11/12);
[Isaiah 11:13](../../../kjv/isaiah/11/13); [Isaiah 37:22-28](../../../kjv/isaiah/37/22-28);
[Jeremiah 3:18](../../../kjv/jeremiah/3/18); [Hosea 1:11](../../../kjv/hosea/1/11)).
The Jews returned with some of the Israelites from Babylon; and,
under John Hyrcanus, so subdued and, compelling them to be
circumcised, incorporated the Idumeans with themselves that they
formed part of the nation [JOSEPHUS,
*Antiquities,* 13.17; 12.11]. This was but an earnest of the
future union of Israel and Judah in the possession of the enlarged
land as one kingdom ([Ezekiel 37:16](../../../kjv/ezekiel/37/16),
&c.).
**stubble**— ([Ezekiel 37:16](../../../kjv/ezekiel/37/16)).

**19. they of the south**—The Jews
who in the coming time are to occupy the south of Judea shall
possess, in addition to their own territory, the adjoining
*mountainous region of Edom.*
**they of the plain**—The
Jews who shall occupy the low country along the Mediterranean, south
and southwest of Palestine, shall possess, in addition to their own
territory, the land of "the Philistines," which runs as a
long strip between the hills and the sea.
**and they shall possess the
fields of Ephraim**—that is, the rightful owners shall be
restored, the Ephraimites to the fields of Ephraim.
**Benjamin shall possess
Gilead**—that is, the region east of Jordan, occupied formerly by
Reuben, Gad, and half Manasseh. Benjamin shall possess besides its
own territory the adjoining territory eastward, while the two and a
half tribes shall in the redistribution occupy the adjoining
territory of Moab and Ammon.

**20. the captivity of this host**—that
is, the captives of this multitude of Israelites.
**shall possess that of the
Canaanites**—MAURER
translates, "the captives . . . whom the Canaanites (carried
away captive into Phoelignicia) even unto Zarephath, shall possess
the south," namely, Idumea as well as the south (). HENDERSON,
similarly, "the captives that are among the Canaanites," c.
But the corresponding clauses of the parallelism are better balanced
in *English Version,* "the ten tribes of Israel shall
possess the territory of the Canaanites," namely, Western
Palestine and Phoelignicia ([Judges 3:3](../../../kjv/judges/3/3)).
"And the captives of Jerusalem (and Judah) shall possess the
southern cities," namely, Edom, &c. Each has the region
respectively adjoining assigned to it Israel has the western
Canaanite region; Judah, the southern.
**even unto Zarephath**—near
Zidon; called Sarepta in [Luke 4:26](../../../kjv/luke/4/26).
The name implies it was a place for smelting metals. From this
quarter came the "woman of Canaan" ([Matthew 15:21](../../../kjv/matthew/15/21);
[Matthew 15:22](../../../kjv/matthew/15/22)). Captives of the Jews
had been carried into the coasts of Palestine or Canaan, about Tyre
and Zidon ([Joel 3:3](../../../kjv/joel/3/3); [Joel 3:4](../../../kjv/joel/3/4);
[Amos 1:9](../../../kjv/amos/1/9)). The Jews when restored
shall possess the territory of their ancient oppressors.
**in Sepharad**—that is,
the Bosphorus [JEROME,
from his *Hebrew Instructor*]. Sephar, according to others ([Amos 1:9](../../../kjv/amos/1/9)). Palæography confirms JEROME.
In the cuneiform inscription containing a list of the tribes of
Persia [NIEBUHR, *Tab.*
31.1], before Ionia and Greece, and after Cappadocia, comes the name
CPaRaD. It was therefore a district of Western Asia Minor, about
Lydia, and near the Bosphorus. It is made an appellative by MAURER.
"The Jerusalem captives *of the dispersion*" (compare
[James 1:1](../../../kjv/james/1/1)), wherever they be
dispersed, shall return and possess the southern cities. Sepharad,
though literally the district near the Bosphorus, represents the
Jews' far and wide dispersion. JEROME
says the name in Assyrian means a *boundary,* that is, "the
Jews scattered in all boundaries and regions."

**21. saviours**—There will be in
the kingdom yet to come no king, but a prince; the sabbatic period of
the judges will return (compare the phrase so frequent in Judges,
only once found in the times of the kings, , "the land had *rest*"), when there was no
visible king, but God reigned in the theocracy. Israelites, not
strangers, shall dispense justice to a God-fearing people ([Isaiah 1:26](../../../kjv/isaiah/1/26);
[Ezekiel 45:1-25](../../../kjv/ezekiel/45/1-25)). The judges
were not such a burden to the people as the kings proved afterwards
([1 Samuel 8:11-20](../../../kjv/1-samuel/8/11-20)). In their
time the people more readily repented than under the kings (compare
[2 Chronicles 15:17](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/15/17)), [ROOS].
Judges were from time to time raised up as *saviours* or
*deliverers* of Israel from the enemy. These, and the similar
deliverers in the long subsequent age of Antiochus, the Maccabees,
who conquered the *Idumeans* (as here foretold, compare 2
Maccabees 10:15,23), were types of the peaceful period yet to
come to Israel.
**to judge . . . Esau**—*to
punish* (so "judge," [2 Chronicles 15:17](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/15/17)) . . . Edom (compare [Obadiah 1:1-9](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/1-9);
[Obadiah 1:15-19](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/15-19)). Edom is the
type of Israel's and God's last foes ([Obadiah 1:15-31](../../../kjv/obadiah/1/15-31)).
**kingdom shall be the
Lord's**—under Messiah ([Daniel 2:44](../../../kjv/daniel/2/44);
[Daniel 7:14](../../../kjv/daniel/7/14); [Daniel 7:27](../../../kjv/daniel/7/27);
[Zechariah 14:9](../../../kjv/zechariah/14/9); [Luke 1:33](../../../kjv/luke/1/33);
[Revelation 11:15](../../../kjv/revelation/11/15); [Revelation 19:6](../../../kjv/revelation/19/6)).

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