---
title: "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible -  Revelation 21"
description: "CHAPTER 21   :-. THE NEW
HEAVEN AND EARTH:
NEW JERUSALEM
OUT OF HEAVEN. The remaining two chapters
describe the eternal and consummated kingdom of God and"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/revelation/21"
---

CHAPTER 21

. THE NEW
HEAVEN AND EARTH:
NEW JERUSALEM
OUT OF HEAVEN.
The remaining two chapters
describe the eternal and consummated kingdom of God and the saints on
the new earth. As the world of nations is to be pervaded by divine
influence in the millennium, so the world of nature shall be, not
annihilated, but transfigured universally in the eternal state which
follows it. The earth was cursed for man's sake; but is redeemed by
the second Adam. *Now* is the Church; in the millennium shall be
the kingdom; and after that shall be the new world wherein God shall
be all in all. The "day of the Lord" and the conflagration
of the earth are in [2 Peter 3:10](../../../kjv/2-peter/3/10);
[2 Peter 3:11](../../../kjv/2-peter/3/11) spoken of as if
connected together, from which many argue against a millennial
interval between His coming and the general conflagration of the old
earth, preparatory to the new; but "day" is used often of a
whole period comprising events intimately connected together, as are
the Lord's second advent, the millennium, and the general
conflagration and judgment. Compare [2 Peter 3:11](../../../kjv/2-peter/3/11) as to the wide use of "day." Man's *soul* is
redeemed by regeneration through the Holy Spirit now; man's *body*
shall be redeemed at the resurrection; man's *dwelling-place,*
His inheritance, the earth, shall be redeemed perfectly at the
creation of the new heaven and earth, which shall exceed in glory the
first Paradise, as much as the second Adam exceeds in glory the first
Adam before the fall, and as man regenerated in body and soul shall
exceed man as he was at creation.

**1. the first**—that is the
former.
**passed away**—*Greek,*
in A and B is "were departed" (*Greek,* "*apeelthon,*"
not as in *English Version,* "*pareelthe*").
**was**—*Greek,* "is,"
which graphically sets the thing before our eyes as present.
**no more sea**—The sea is
the type of perpetual unrest. Hence our Lord rebukes it as an unruly
hostile troubler of His people. It symbolized the political tumults
out of which "the beast" arose, . As the physical corresponds to the spiritual and moral
world, so the absence of *sea,* after the metamorphosis of the
earth by *fire,* answers to the unruffled state of solid peace
which shall then prevail. The *sea,* though severing lands from
one another, is now, by God's eliciting of good from evil, made the
medium of communication between countries through navigation. Then
man shall possess inherent powers which shall make the sea no longer
necessary, but an element which would detract from a perfect state. A
"river" and "water" are spoken of in [Revelation 22:1](../../../kjv/revelation/22/1);
[Revelation 22:2](../../../kjv/revelation/22/2), probably literal (that
is, with such changes of the natural properties of water, as
correspond analogically to man's own transfigured body), as well as
symbolical. The sea was once the element of the world's destruction,
and is still the source of death to thousands, whence after the
millennium, at the general judgment, it is specially said, "The
*sea* gave up the dead . . . in it." Then it shall cease to
destroy, or disturb, being removed altogether on account of its past
destructions.

**2. And I John**—"John"
is omitted in A, B, *Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic,* and ANDREAS;
also the "I" in the *Greek* of these authorities is
not emphatic. The insertion of "I John" in the *Greek*
would somewhat interfere with the close connection which subsists
between "the new heaven and earth," , and the "new Jerusalem" in this verse.
**Jerusalem . . . out of
heaven**— ([Revelation 3:12](../../../kjv/revelation/3/12); [Galatians 4:26](../../../kjv/galatians/4/26),
"Jerusalem which is above"; [Hebrews 11:10](../../../kjv/hebrews/11/10);
[Hebrews 12:22](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/22); [Hebrews 13:14](../../../kjv/hebrews/13/14)).
The *descent* of the new Jerusalem *out of heaven* is
plainly distinct from the *earthly* Jerusalem in which Israel in
the flesh shall dwell during the millennium, and follows on the
creation of the new heaven and earth. John in his Gospel always
writes [*Greek*] *Hierosoluma* of the old city; in the
Apocalypse always *Hierousaleem* of the heavenly city ([Hebrews 13:14](../../../kjv/hebrews/13/14)). *Hierousaleem* is a *Hebrew* name, the original
and holy appellation. *Hierosoluma* is the common *Greek*
term, used in a political sense. Paul observes the same distinction
when refuting Judaism ([Galatians 4:26](../../../kjv/galatians/4/26);
compare [Galatians 1:17](../../../kjv/galatians/1/17); [Galatians 1:18](../../../kjv/galatians/1/18);
[Galatians 2:1](../../../kjv/galatians/2/1); [Hebrews 12:22](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/22)),
though not so in the Epistles to Romans and Corinthians [BENGEL].
**bride**—made up of the
blessed citizens of "the holy city." There is no longer
merely a Paradise as in Eden (though there is that also, [Hebrews 12:22](../../../kjv/hebrews/12/22)), no longer a mere garden, but now *the city of* God on
earth, costlier, statelier, and more glorious, but at the same time
the result of labor and pains such as had not to be expended by man
in dressing the primitive garden of Eden. "The lively stones"
were severally in time laboriously chiselled into shape, after the
pattern of "the Chief corner-stone," to prepare them for
the place which they shall everlastingly fill in the heavenly
Jerusalem.

**3. out of heaven**—so ANDREAS.
But A and *Vulgate* read, "out of the throne."
**the tabernacle**—alluding
to the tabernacle of God in the wilderness (wherein many signs of His
presence were given): of which this is the antitype, having
previously been in heaven: , "the temple of the tabernacle of the testimony
in heaven"; also [Revelation 13:6](../../../kjv/revelation/13/6).
Compare the contrast in [Hebrews 9:23](../../../kjv/hebrews/9/23);
[Hebrews 9:14](../../../kjv/hebrews/9/14), between "the
patterns" and "the heavenly things themselves,"
between "the figures" and "the true." The earnest
of the true and heavenly tabernacle was afforded in the Jerusalem
temple described in [Hebrews 9:14](../../../kjv/hebrews/9/14), as about to be, namely, during the millennium.
**dwell with them**—literally,
"*tabernacle* with them"; the same *Greek* word
as is used of the divine Son "*tabernacling* among us."
Then He was in the weakness of the *flesh:* but at the new
creation of heaven and earth He shall tabernacle among us in the
glory of His manifested Godhead ([Hebrews 9:14](../../../kjv/hebrews/9/14)).
**they**—in *Greek*
emphatic, "*they*" (in particular).
**his people**—*Greek,*
"His *peoples*": "the nations of the saved"
being all peculiarly His, as Israel was designed to be. So A reads.
But B, *Vulgate, Syriac,* and *Coptic* read, "His
*people*": singular.
**God himself . . . with
them**—realizing fully His name Immanuel.

**4. all tears**—*Greek,*
"every tear."
**no more death**—*Greek,*
"death shall be no more." Therefore it is not the
millennium, for in the latter there is *death* ([Isaiah 65:20](../../../kjv/isaiah/65/20);
[1 Corinthians 15:26](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/26); [1 Corinthians 15:54](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/54),
"the *last* enemy . . . destroyed is *death,*" [1 Corinthians 15:54](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/54), *after* the millennium).
**sorrow**—*Greek,*
"mourning."
**passed away**—*Greek,*
"departed," as in [1 Corinthians 15:54](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/54).

**5. sat**—*Greek,*
"sitteth."
**all things new**—not
recent, but *changed from the old* (*Greek,* "*kaina,*"
not "*nea*"). An earnest of this regeneration and
transfiguration of nature is given already in the regenerate soul.
**unto me**—so *Coptic*
and ANDREAS. But A, B,
*Vulgate,* and *Syriac* omit.
**true and faithful**—so
ANDREAS. But A, B,
*Vulgate, Syriac,* and *Coptic* transpose, "faithful
and true" (literally, "genuine").

**6. It is done**—the same *Greek*
as in [Revelation 16:17](../../../kjv/revelation/16/17). "It is
come to pass." So *Vulgate* reads with *English Version.*
But A reads, "They ('*these words,*' [Revelation 16:17](../../../kjv/revelation/16/17)) are come to pass." All is as sure as if it actually
had been fulfilled for it rests on the word of the unchanging God.
When the consummation shall be, God shall rejoice over the work of
His own hands, as at the completion of the first creation God *saw
everything that He had made, and behold it was very good* ([Revelation 16:17](../../../kjv/revelation/16/17)).
**Alpha . . . Omega**—*Greek*
in A and B, "*the* Alpha . . . *the* Omega" ([Revelation 16:17](../../../kjv/revelation/16/17)).
**give unto . . . athirst . . .
water of life**— ([Revelation 22:17](../../../kjv/revelation/22/17);
[Isaiah 12:3](../../../kjv/isaiah/12/3); [Isaiah 55:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/55/1);
[John 4:13](../../../kjv/john/4/13); [John 4:14](../../../kjv/john/4/14);
[John 7:37](../../../kjv/john/7/37); [John 7:38](../../../kjv/john/7/38)).
This is added lest any should despair of attaining to this exceeding
weight of glory. In our present state we may drink of the stream,
then we shall drink at the *Fountain.*
**freely**—*Greek,*
"gratuitously": the same Greek as is translated, "(They
hated Me) without a cause," [John 7:38](../../../kjv/john/7/38). As *gratuitous* as was man's hatred of God, so
*gratuitous* is God's love to man: there was every cause in
Christ why man should love Him, yet man hated Him; there was every
cause in man why (humanly speaking) God should have hated man, yet
God loved man: the very reverse of what might be expected took place
in both cases. Even in heaven our drinking at the Fountain shall be
God's *gratuitous* gift.

**7. He that overcometh**—another
aspect of the believer's life: a conflict with sin, Satan, and the
world is needed. *Thirsting* for salvation is the first
beginning of, and continues for ever (in the sense of an appetite and
relish for divine joys) a characteristic of the believer. In a
different sense, the believer "shall never thirst."
**inherit all things**—A,
B, *Vulgate,* and CYPRIAN
read, "*these* things," namely, the blessings
described in this whole passage. With "all things," compare
[1 Corinthians 3:21-23](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/21-23).
**I will be his God**—*Greek,*
"I will be to him a God," that is, all that is implied of
blessing in the name "God."
**he shall be my son**—"He"
is emphatic: *He* in particular and in a peculiar sense, above
others: *Greek,* "shall be *to me* a son," in
fullest realization of the promise made in type to Solomon, son of
David, and antitypically to the divine Son of David.

**8. the fearful**—*Greek,*
"the cowardly," who do not *quit themselves like men*
so as to "overcome" in the good fight; who have the spirit
of slavish "fear," not love, towards God; and who through
fear of man are not bold for God, or "draw back." Compare
[Revelation 21:27](../../../kjv/revelation/21/27); [Revelation 22:15](../../../kjv/revelation/22/15).
**unbelieving**—*Greek,*
"faithless."
**abominable**—who have
drank of the harlot's "cup of abominations."
**sorcerers**—one of the
characteristics of Antichrist's time.
**all liars**—*Greek,*
"all *the* liars": or else "all *who are*
liars"; compare [1 Timothy 4:1](../../../kjv/1-timothy/4/1);
[1 Timothy 4:2](../../../kjv/1-timothy/4/2), where similarly *lying*
and dealings with *spirits* and *demons,* are joined
together as features of "the latter times."
**second death**— [1 Timothy 4:2](../../../kjv/1-timothy/4/2): "*everlasting* destruction," [2 Thessalonians 1:9](../../../kjv/2-thessalonians/1/9);
[Mark 9:44](../../../kjv/mark/9/44); [Mark 9:46](../../../kjv/mark/9/46);
[Mark 9:48](../../../kjv/mark/9/48), "Where THEIR
worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched."

**9.** The same angel who had shown
John *Babylon the harlot,* is appropriately employed to show him
in contrast *new Jerusalem, the Bride* (). The angel so employed is the one that had the last seven
plagues, to show that the ultimate blessedness of the Church is one
end of the divine judgments on her foes.
**unto me**—A, B, and
*Vulgate* omit.
**the Lamb's wife**—in
contrast to her *who sat on many waters* (), (that is, intrigued with many peoples and nations of the
world, instead of giving her undivided affections, as the Bride does,
to the Lamb.

**10.** The words correspond to , to heighten the contrast of the bride and harlot.
**mountain**—Compare , where a similar vision is given from a *high mountain.*
**that great**—omitted in
A, B, *Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic,* and CYPRIAN.
Translate then, "the holy city Jerusalem."
**descending**—Even in the
millennium the earth will not be a suitable abode for transfigured
saints, who therefore shall then reign in heaven over the earth. But
after the renewal of the earth at the close of the millennium and
judgment, they shall *descend* from heaven to dwell on an earth
assimilated to heaven itself. "From God" implies that "we
(the city) are God's workmanship."

**11. Having the glory of God**—not
merely the Shekinah-cloud, but God Himself as her glory dwelling in
the midst of her. Compare the type, the earthly Jerusalem in the
millennium ([Zechariah 2:5](../../../kjv/zechariah/2/5); compare [Zechariah 2:5](../../../kjv/zechariah/2/5), below).
**her light**—*Greek,*
"light-giver": properly applied to the heavenly *luminaries*
which diffuse light. Compare *Note,* see on [Zechariah 2:5](../../../kjv/zechariah/2/5), the only other passage where it occurs. The "and"
before "her light' is omitted in A, B, and *Vulgate.*
**even like**—*Greek,*
"as it were."
**jasper**—representing
*watery crystalline brightness.*

**12. And**—A and B omit. , has a similar description, which implies that the
millennial Jerusalem shall have its exact antitype in the heavenly
Jerusalem which shall descend on the finally regenerated earth.
**wall great and high**—setting
forth the security of the Church. Also, the exclusion of the ungodly.
**twelve angels**—guards of
the twelve gates: an additional emblem of perfect security, while the
gates being never shut ([Revelation 21:25](../../../kjv/revelation/21/25))
imply perfect liberty and peace. Also, angels shall be the brethren
of the heavenly citizens.
**names of . . . twelve
tribes**—The inscription of the names on the gates implies that
none but the spiritual Israel, God's elect, shall enter the heavenly
city. As the millennium wherein *literal* Israel *in the flesh*
shall be the mother Church, is the antitype to the Old Testament
*earthly* theocracy in the Holy Land, so the *heavenly* new
*Jerusalem* is the consummation antitypical to the *spiritual*
Israel, the elect Church of Jews and Gentiles being now gathered out:
as the spiritual Israel now is an advance upon the previous literal
and carnal Israel, so the heavenly Jerusalem shall be much in advance
of the millennial Jerusalem.

**13. On the north . . . on the
south**—A, B, *Vulgate, Syriac,* and *Coptic* read,
"*And* on the north *and* on the *south.*"
In Ezekiel, Joseph, Benjamin, Dan (for which Manasseh is substituted
in [Revelation 7:6](../../../kjv/revelation/7/6)), are on the east ([Revelation 7:6](../../../kjv/revelation/7/6)); Reuben, Judah, Levi, are on the *north* ([Revelation 7:6](../../../kjv/revelation/7/6)); Simeon, Issachar, Zebulun, on the *south* ([Revelation 7:6](../../../kjv/revelation/7/6)); Gad, Asher, Naphtali, on the *west* ([Revelation 7:6](../../../kjv/revelation/7/6)). In Numbers, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun are on the east
([Numbers 2:3](../../../kjv/numbers/2/3); [Numbers 2:5](../../../kjv/numbers/2/5);
[Numbers 2:7](../../../kjv/numbers/2/7)). Reuben, Simeon, Gad, on
the south ([Numbers 2:10](../../../kjv/numbers/2/10); [Numbers 2:12](../../../kjv/numbers/2/12);
[Numbers 2:14](../../../kjv/numbers/2/14)). Ephraim, Manasseh,
Benjamin, on the *west* ([Numbers 2:18](../../../kjv/numbers/2/18);
[Numbers 2:20](../../../kjv/numbers/2/20); [Numbers 2:22](../../../kjv/numbers/2/22)).
Dan, Asher, Naphtali, on the *north* ([Numbers 2:25](../../../kjv/numbers/2/25);
[Numbers 2:27](../../../kjv/numbers/2/27); [Numbers 2:29](../../../kjv/numbers/2/29)).

**14. twelve foundations**—Joshua,
the type of Jesus, chose twelve men out of the people, to carry
twelve stones over the Jordan with them, as Jesus chose twelve
apostles to be the twelve foundations of the heavenly city, of which
He is Himself the Chief corner-stone. Peter is not the only apostolic
rock on whose preaching Christ builds His Church. Christ Himself is
the true foundation: the twelve are foundations only in regard to
their apostolic testimony concerning Him. Though Paul was an apostle
besides the twelve, yet the mystical number is retained, twelve
representing the Church, namely thirty the divine number, multiplied
by four, the world number.
**in them the names,** &c.—As
architects often have their names inscribed on their great works, so
the names of the apostles shall be held in everlasting remembrance.
*Vulgate* reads, "*in* them." But A, B, *Syriac,
Coptic,* and ANDREAS
read, "*upon* them." These authorities also insert
"twelve" before "names."

**15. had a golden reed**—so
*Coptic.* But A, B, *Vulgate,* and *Syriac* read, "had
(as) *a measure,* a golden reed." In the non-measuring of the outer courts of the temple implied
its being given up to secular and heathen desecration. So here, on
the contrary, the city being measured implies the entire consecration
of every part, all things being brought up to the most exact standard
of God's holy requirements, and also God's accurate guardianship
henceforth of even the most minute parts of His holy city from all
evil.

**16. twelve thousand
furlongs**—literally, "*to twelve thousand stadii*":
one thousand furlongs being the space between the several twelve
gates. BENGEL makes the
length of *each side* of the city to be twelve thousand stadii.
The stupendous height, length, and breadth being exactly alike, imply
its faultless symmetry, transcending in glory all our most glowing
conceptions.

**17. hundred . . . forty . . . four
cubits**—twelve times twelve: the Church-number squared. The wall
is far beneath the height of the city.
**measure of a man, that is, of
the angel**—The ordinary measure used by *men* is the
measure here used by the *angel,* distinct from "the
measure of the sanctuary." Men shall then be *equal to the
angels.*

**18. the building**—"the
structure" [TREGELLES],
*Greek,* "*endomeesis.*"
**gold, like . . . clear
glass**—Ideal gold, transparent as no gold here is [ALFORD].
Excellencies will be combined in the heavenly city which now seem
incompatible.

**19. And**—so *Syriac, Coptic,*
and ANDREAS. But A, B, and
*Vulgate* omit. Compare [Revelation 21:9](../../../kjv/revelation/21/9);
[Revelation 21:14](../../../kjv/revelation/21/14) with this verse; also
[Isaiah 54:11](../../../kjv/isaiah/54/11).
**all manner of precious
stones**—Contrast [Revelation 18:12](../../../kjv/revelation/18/12)
as to the harlot, Babylon. These precious stones constituted the
"foundations."
**chalcedony**—agate from
Chalcedon: semi-opaque, sky-blue, with stripes of other colors
[ALFORD].

**20. sardonyx**—a gem having the
redness of the cornelian, and the whiteness of the onyx.
**sardius**—(See on ).
**chrysolite**—described by
PLINY as transparent and
of a golden brightness, like our topaz: different from our pale green
crystallized *chrysolite.*
**beryl**—of a sea-green
color.
**topaz**—PLINY
[37.32], makes it *green* and transparent, like our chrysolite.
**chrysoprasus**—somewhat
pale, and having the purple color of the amethyst [PLINY,
37, 20, 21].
**jacinth**—The flashing
violet brightness in the amethyst is diluted in the jacinth [PLINY,
37.41].

**21. every several**—*Greek,*
"each one severally."

**22. no temple . . . God . . . the
temple**—As God now dwells in the spiritual Church, His "temple"
(*Greek,* "*naos,*" "shrine"; [1 Corinthians 3:17](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/3/17);
[1 Corinthians 6:19](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/6/19)), so the Church when
perfected shall dwell in Him as her "temple" (*naos:*
the same *Greek*). As the Church was "His sanctuary,"
so He is to be their sanctuary. Means of grace shall cease when the
end of grace is come. Church ordinances shall give place to the God
of ordinances. Uninterrupted, immediate, direct, communion with Him
and the Lamb (compare [John 4:23](../../../kjv/john/4/23)),
shall supersede intervening ordinances.

**23. in it**—so *Vulgate.*
But A, B, and ANDREAS
read, "(shine) *on* it," or literally, "*for*
her."
**the light**—*Greek,*
"the lamp" ([Isaiah 60:19](../../../kjv/isaiah/60/19);
[Isaiah 60:20](../../../kjv/isaiah/60/20)). The direct light of
God and the Lamb shall make the saints independent of God's
creatures, the sun and moon, for light.

**24. of them which are saved . . .
in**—A, B, *Vulgate, Coptic,* and ANDREAS
read "(the nations shall walk) *by means* of her light":
omitting "of them which are saved." Her brightness shall
supply them with light.
**the kings of the earth**—who
once had regard only to their glory, having been converted, now in
the new Jerusalem do bring their glory into it, to lay it down at the
feet of their God and Lord.
**and honour**—so B,
*Vulgate,* and *Syriac.* But A omits the clause.

**25. not be shut . . . by
day**—therefore shall never be shut: for it shall *always*
be day. Gates are usually shut by night: but in it shall be no night.
There shall be continual free ingress into it, so as that all which
is blessed and glorious may continually be brought into it. So in the
millennial type.

**26.** All that was truly glorious
and excellent in the earth and its converted *nations* shall be
gathered into it; and while all shall form *one* Bride, there
shall be various orders among the redeemed, analogous to the
divisions of *nations* on earth constituting the one great human
family, and to the various orders of angels.

**27. anything that defileth**—*Greek,*
"*koinoun.*" A and B read [*koinon,*] "anything
*unclean.*"
**in the Lamb's book of
life**—(See on [Revelation 21:2](../../../kjv/revelation/21/2); [Revelation 21:2](../../../kjv/revelation/21/2)). As all the filth of the old Jerusalem was carried outside
the walls and burnt there, so nothing defiled shall enter the
heavenly city, but be burnt *outside* (compare [Revelation 21:2](../../../kjv/revelation/21/2)). It is striking that the apostle of love, who shows us the
glories of the heavenly city, is he also who speaks most plainly of
the terrors of hell. On [Revelation 21:26](../../../kjv/revelation/21/26);
[Revelation 21:27](../../../kjv/revelation/21/27), ALFORD
writes a Note, rash in speculation, about the heathen *nations,*
above what is written, and not at all required by the sacred text:
compare *Note,* see on [Revelation 21:27](../../../kjv/revelation/21/27).

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