---
title: "Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible -  Song of Solomon 4"
description: "CHAPTER 4   :-. 1. Contrast with the bride"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/commentary-critical-and-explanatory-on-the-whole-bible/song-of-solomon/4"
---

CHAPTER 4

.

**1.** Contrast with the bride's
state by nature ([Isaiah 1:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/1/6)) *her
state by grace* ([Isaiah 1:6](../../../kjv/isaiah/1/6)), "perfect through His comeliness put upon her"
([Ezekiel 16:14](../../../kjv/ezekiel/16/14); [John 15:3](../../../kjv/john/15/3)).
The praise of Jesus Christ, unlike that of the world, hurts not, but
edifies; as His, not ours, is the glory ([John 5:44](../../../kjv/john/5/44);
[Revelation 4:10](../../../kjv/revelation/4/10); [Revelation 4:11](../../../kjv/revelation/4/11)).
Seven features of beauty are specified ([Revelation 4:11](../../../kjv/revelation/4/11)) ("lips" and "speech" are but one
feature, [Song of Solomon 4:3](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/3)), the number for
*perfection.* To each of these is attached a comparison from
nature: the resemblances consist not so much in outward likeness, as
in the combined sensations of delight produced by contemplating these
natural objects.
**doves'**—the large
melting eye of the Syrian dove appears especially beautiful amid the
foliage of its native groves: so the bride's "eyes within her
locks" ([Luke 7:44](../../../kjv/luke/7/44)). MAURER
for "locks," has "veil"; but locks suit the
connection better: so the *Hebrew* is translated ([Luke 7:44](../../../kjv/luke/7/44)). The dove was the only bird counted "clean" for
sacrifice. Once the heart was "the cage of every unclean and
hateful bird." Grace makes the change.
**eyes**— ([Matthew 6:22](../../../kjv/matthew/6/22);
[Ephesians 1:18](../../../kjv/ephesians/1/18); contrast [Matthew 5:28](../../../kjv/matthew/5/28);
[Ephesians 4:18](../../../kjv/ephesians/4/18); [1 John 2:16](../../../kjv/1-john/2/16)).
Chaste and guileless ("harmless," [1 John 2:16](../../../kjv/1-john/2/16), *Margin;* [1 John 2:16](../../../kjv/1-john/2/16)). John the Baptist, historically, was the "turtledove"
([Song of Solomon 2:12](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/2/12)), with eye directed to
the coming Bridegroom: his Nazarite unshorn hair answers to "locks"
([John 1:29](../../../kjv/john/1/29); [John 1:36](../../../kjv/john/1/36)).
**hair . . . goats**—The
hair of goats in the East is fine like silk. As long hair is her
glory, and marks her subjection to man ([John 1:36](../../../kjv/john/1/36)), so the Nazarite's hair marked his subjection and
separation unto God. (Compare [Judges 16:17](../../../kjv/judges/16/17);
[2 Corinthians 6:17](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/6/17); [Titus 2:14](../../../kjv/titus/2/14);
[1 Peter 2:9](../../../kjv/1-peter/2/9)). Jesus Christ cares for
the minutest concerns of His saints ([1 Peter 2:9](../../../kjv/1-peter/2/9)).
**appear from**—literally,
"*that lie down* from"; lying along the hillside, they
seem to *hang from* it: a picture of the bride's hanging
tresses.
**Gilead**—beyond Jordan:
there stood "the heap of witness" ([1 Peter 2:9](../../../kjv/1-peter/2/9)).

**2. even shorn**—the *Hebrew*
is translated ([1 Kings 6:25](../../../kjv/1-kings/6/25)), "of
one size"; so the point of comparison to *teeth* is their
*symmetry* of form; as in "came up from the washing,"
the *spotless whiteness;* and in "twins," the *exact
correspondence of the upper and lower teeth:* and in "none
barren," *none wanting,* none without its fellow. Faith is
the tooth with which we eat the living bread ([John 6:35](../../../kjv/john/6/35);
[John 6:54](../../../kjv/john/6/54)). Contrast the teeth of
sinners ([Psalms 57:4](../../../kjv/psalms/57/4); [Proverbs 30:14](../../../kjv/proverbs/30/14));
also their end ([Psalms 3:7](../../../kjv/psalms/3/7); [Matthew 25:30](../../../kjv/matthew/25/30)).
Faith leads the flock to the washing ([Zechariah 13:1](../../../kjv/zechariah/13/1);
[1 Corinthians 6:11](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/6/11); [Titus 3:5](../../../kjv/titus/3/5)).
**none . . . barren**— ([Titus 3:5](../../../kjv/titus/3/5)). He who is begotten of God begets instrumentally other sons
of God.

**3. thread**—like a delicate
fillet. Not thick and white as the leper's lips (type of sin), which
were therefore to be "covered," as "unclean" ().
**scarlet**—The blood of
Jesus Christ ([Isaiah 6:5-9](../../../kjv/isaiah/6/5-9))
cleanses the leprosy, and unseals the lips ([Isaiah 57:19](../../../kjv/isaiah/57/19);
[Hosea 14:2](../../../kjv/hosea/14/2); [Hebrews 13:15](../../../kjv/hebrews/13/15)).
Rahab's scarlet thread was a type of it ([Hebrews 13:15](../../../kjv/hebrews/13/15)).
**speech**—not a separate
feature from the *lips* ([Zephaniah 3:9](../../../kjv/zephaniah/3/9);
[Colossians 4:6](../../../kjv/colossians/4/6)). Contrast "uncircumcised
lips" ([Exodus 6:12](../../../kjv/exodus/6/12)). MAURER
and BURROWES translate,
"thy mouth."
**temples**—rather, *the
upper part of the cheek* next the temples: the seat of
shamefacedness; so, "within thy locks," no display ([1 Corinthians 11:5](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/11/5);
[1 Corinthians 11:6](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/11/6); [1 Corinthians 11:15](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/11/15)).
Mark of true penitence ([Ezra 9:6](../../../kjv/ezra/9/6);
[Ezekiel 16:63](../../../kjv/ezekiel/16/63)). Contrast [Jeremiah 3:3](../../../kjv/jeremiah/3/3);
[Ezekiel 3:7](../../../kjv/ezekiel/3/7).
**pomegranate**—When cut,
it displays in rows seeds pellucid, like crystal, tinged with red.
Her modesty is not on the surface, but within, which Jesus Christ can
see into.

**4. neck**—stately: in beautiful
contrast to the blushing temples (); not "stiff" ([Isaiah 48:4](../../../kjv/isaiah/48/4);
[Acts 7:51](../../../kjv/acts/7/51)), as that of unbroken
nature; nor "stretched forth" wantonly ([Acts 7:51](../../../kjv/acts/7/51)); nor burdened with the legal yoke ([Lamentations 1:14](../../../kjv/lamentations/1/14);
[Acts 15:10](../../../kjv/acts/15/10)); but erect in gospel
freedom ([Isaiah 52:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/52/2)).
**tower of David**—probably
on Zion. He was a man of war, preparatory to the reign of Solomon,
the king of peace. So warfare in the case of Jesus Christ and His
saints precedes the coming rest. Each soul won from Satan by Him is a
trophy gracing the bride ([Isaiah 52:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/52/2)); (each hangs on Him, [Isaiah 22:23](../../../kjv/isaiah/22/23);
[Isaiah 22:24](../../../kjv/isaiah/22/24)); also each victory of
her faith. As shields adorn a temple's walls ([Isaiah 22:24](../../../kjv/isaiah/22/24)), so necklaces hang on the bride's neck ([Judges 5:30](../../../kjv/judges/5/30);
[1 Kings 10:16](../../../kjv/1-kings/10/16)).

**5. breasts**—The bust is left
open in Eastern dress. The breastplate of the high priest was made of
"two" pieces, folded one on the other, in which were the
Urim and Thummim (*lights* and *perfection*). "Faith
and love" are the double breastplate (), answering to "hearing the word" and "keeping
it," in a similar connection with breasts ([Luke 12:27](../../../kjv/luke/12/27);
[Luke 12:28](../../../kjv/luke/12/28)).
**roes**—He reciprocates
her praise ([Song of Solomon 2:9](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/2/9)). Emblem of
*love* and *satisfaction* ([Song of Solomon 2:9](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/2/9)).
**feed**— ([Song of Solomon 2:9](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/2/9)).
**among the lilies**—shrinking
from thorns of strife, worldliness, and ungodliness ([2 Samuel 23:6](../../../kjv/2-samuel/23/6);
[Matthew 13:7](../../../kjv/matthew/13/7)). Roes feed *among,*
not *on* the lilies: where these grow, there is moisture
producing green pasturage. The lilies represent her white dress
([Psalms 45:14](../../../kjv/psalms/45/14); [Revelation 19:8](../../../kjv/revelation/19/8)).

**6.** Historically, *the hill of
frankincense* is Calvary, where, "through the eternal Spirit
He offered Himself"; the mountain of myrrh is His embalmment
([John 19:39](../../../kjv/john/19/39)) till the
resurrection "daybreak." The third Canticle occupies the
one cloudless day of His presence on earth, beginning from the night
([Song of Solomon 2:17](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/2/17)) and ending with the
night of His departure ([Song of Solomon 4:6](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/6)).
His promise is almost exactly in the words of her prayer ([Song of Solomon 4:6](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/6)), (the same Holy Ghost breathing in Jesus Christ and His
praying people), with the difference that she then looked for His
visible coming. He now tells her that when He shall have gone from
sight, He still is to be met with spiritually in prayer ([Psalms 68:16](../../../kjv/psalms/68/16);
[Matthew 28:20](../../../kjv/matthew/28/20)), until the everlasting
day break, when we shall see face to face ([1 Corinthians 13:10](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/13/10);
[1 Corinthians 13:12](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/13/12)).

**7.** Assurance that He is going
from her in love, not in displeasure ([John 16:6](../../../kjv/john/16/6);
[John 16:7](../../../kjv/john/16/7)).
**all fair**—still stronger
than [Song of Solomon 1:15](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/1/15); [Song of Solomon 4:1](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/1).
**no spot**—our privilege
([Ephesians 5:27](../../../kjv/ephesians/5/27); [Colossians 2:10](../../../kjv/colossians/2/10));
our duty ([2 Corinthians 6:17](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/6/17); [Judges 1:23](../../../kjv/judges/1/23);
[James 1:27](../../../kjv/james/1/27)).

**8.** Invitation to her to leave
the border mountains (the highest worldly elevation) between the
hostile lands north of Palestine and the Promised Land ([Psalms 45:10](../../../kjv/psalms/45/10);
[Philippians 3:13](../../../kjv/philippians/3/13)).
**Amana**—south of
Anti-Libanus; the river Abana, or Amana, was near Damascus ([Philippians 3:13](../../../kjv/philippians/3/13)).
**Shenir**—The whole
mountain was called *Hermon;* the part held by the Sidonians was
called *Sirion;* the part held by the Amorites, *Shenir*
([Deuteronomy 3:9](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/3/9)). Infested by the
devouring lion and the stealthy and swift leopard ([Psalms 76:4](../../../kjv/psalms/76/4);
[Ephesians 6:11](../../../kjv/ephesians/6/11); [1 Peter 5:8](../../../kjv/1-peter/5/8)).
Contrasted with the mountain of myrrh, c. ([Song of Solomon 4:6](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/6)
[Isaiah 2:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/2/2)); the good land ([Isaiah 2:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/2/2)).
**with me**—twice repeated
emphatically. The presence of Jesus Christ makes up for the absence
of all besides ([Luke 18:29](../../../kjv/luke/18/29);
[Luke 18:30](../../../kjv/luke/18/30); [2 Corinthians 6:10](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/6/10)).
Moses was permitted to see Canaan from Pisgah; Peter, James, and John
had a foretaste of glory on the mount of transfiguration.

**9. sister . . . spouse**—This
title is here first used, as He is soon about to institute the
Supper, the pledge of the nuptial union. By the term "sister,"
carnal ideas are excluded; the ardor of a spouse's love is combined
with the purity of a sister's (; compare [Mark 3:35](../../../kjv/mark/3/35)).
**one**—Even *one*
look is enough to secure His love ([Zechariah 12:10](../../../kjv/zechariah/12/10);
[Luke 23:40-43](../../../kjv/luke/23/40-43)). Not merely
the Church collectively, but each *one* member of it ([Matthew 18:10](../../../kjv/matthew/18/10);
[Matthew 18:14](../../../kjv/matthew/18/14); [Luke 15:7](../../../kjv/luke/15/7);
[Luke 15:24](../../../kjv/luke/15/24); [Luke 15:32](../../../kjv/luke/15/32)).
**chain**—necklace ([Isaiah 62:3](../../../kjv/isaiah/62/3);
[Malachi 3:17](../../../kjv/malachi/3/17)), answering to the
"shields" hanging in the tower of David ([Malachi 3:17](../../../kjv/malachi/3/17)). Compare the "ornament" ([Malachi 3:17](../../../kjv/malachi/3/17)); "chains" ([Proverbs 1:9](../../../kjv/proverbs/1/9);
[Proverbs 3:22](../../../kjv/proverbs/3/22)).

**10. love**—*Hebrew,*
"loves"; manifold tokens of thy love.
**much better**—answering
to her "better" ([Song of Solomon 1:2](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/1/2)),
but with *increased* force. An Amoebean pastoral character
pervades the Song, like the classic Amoebean idylls and eclogues.
**wine**—The love of His
saints is a more reviving cordial to Him than wine; for example, at
the feast in Simon's house ([Luke 7:36](../../../kjv/luke/7/36);
[Luke 7:47](../../../kjv/luke/7/47); [John 4:32](../../../kjv/john/4/32);
compare [Zechariah 10:7](../../../kjv/zechariah/10/7)).
**smell of . . . ointments than
all spices**—answering to her praise ([Zechariah 10:7](../../../kjv/zechariah/10/7)) with increased force. Fragrant, as being fruits of *His*
Spirit in us ([Galatians 5:22](../../../kjv/galatians/5/22)).

**11. drop**—always ready to fall,
being full of honey, though not always () actually *dropping* ([Song of Solomon 5:13](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/5/13);
[Deuteronomy 32:2](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/32/2); [Matthew 12:34](../../../kjv/matthew/12/34)).
**honeycomb**— ([Proverbs 5:3](../../../kjv/proverbs/5/3);
[Proverbs 16:24](../../../kjv/proverbs/16/24)).
**under thy tongue**—not
always *on,* but *under,* the tongue, ready to fall ([Proverbs 16:24](../../../kjv/proverbs/16/24)). Contrast her former state ([Psalms 140:3](../../../kjv/psalms/140/3);
[Romans 3:13](../../../kjv/romans/3/13)). "Honey and milk"
were the glory of the good land. The change is illustrated in the
penitent thief. Contrast [Matthew 27:44](../../../kjv/matthew/27/44);
[Luke 23:39](../../../kjv/luke/23/39), c. It was literally
with "one" eye, a sidelong glance of love "better than
wine," that he refreshed Jesus Christ ([Song of Solomon 4:9](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/9)
[Song of Solomon 4:10](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/10)). "To-day shalt
thou be *with Me* (compare [Song of Solomon 4:10](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/10)) in Paradise" ([Song of Solomon 4:10](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/10)), is the only joyous sentence of His seven utterances on the
cross.
**smell of . . . garments**—which
are often perfumed in the East ([Song of Solomon 4:10](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/10)). The perfume comes from Him on us ([Song of Solomon 4:10](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/10)). We draw nigh to God in the perfumed garment of our elder
brother ([Genesis 27:27](../../../kjv/genesis/27/27); see [Genesis 27:27](../../../kjv/genesis/27/27)).
**Lebanon**—abounding in
odoriferous trees ([Genesis 27:27](../../../kjv/genesis/27/27)).

**12.** The *Hebrew* has no
"is." Here she is distinct from the garden (), yet identified with it () as being one with Him in His sufferings. Historically the
Paradise, into which the soul of Jesus Christ entered at death; and
the tomb of Joseph, in which His body was laid amid "myrrh,"
c. ([Song of Solomon 4:6](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/6)), situated in *a
nicely kept* garden (compare "gardener," [Song of Solomon 4:6](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/6)) "sealed" with a stone ([Song of Solomon 4:6](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/6)); in which it resembles "wells" in the East
([Genesis 29:3](../../../kjv/genesis/29/3); [Genesis 29:8](../../../kjv/genesis/29/8)).
It was in a garden of light Adam fell; in a garden of darkness,
Gethsemane, and chiefly that of the tomb, the second Adam retrieved
us. Spiritually the garden is the gospel kingdom of heaven. Here all
is ripe; previously ([Song of Solomon 2:13](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/2/13))
it was "the *tender* grape." The garden is His, though
He calls the plants hers ([Song of Solomon 4:13](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/4/13))
by His gift ([Isaiah 61:3](../../../kjv/isaiah/61/3), end).
**spring . . . fountain**—Jesus
Christ ([John 4:10](../../../kjv/john/4/10)) sealed, while
He was in the sealed tomb: it poured forth its full tide on Pentecost
([John 7:37-39](../../../kjv/john/7/37-39)). Still He
is a sealed fountain until the Holy Ghost opens it to one ([John 7:37-43](../../../kjv/john/7/37-43)). The Church also is "a garden enclosed" ([Psalms 4:3](../../../kjv/psalms/4/3);
[Isaiah 5:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/5/1), c.). Contrast [Isaiah 5:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/5/1). So "a spring" ([Isaiah 27:3](../../../kjv/isaiah/27/3)
[Isaiah 58:11](../../../kjv/isaiah/58/11)); "sealed"
([Ephesians 4:30](../../../kjv/ephesians/4/30); [2 Timothy 2:19](../../../kjv/2-timothy/2/19)).
As wives in the East are secluded from public gaze, so believers
([Psalms 83:3](../../../kjv/psalms/83/3); [Colossians 3:3](../../../kjv/colossians/3/3)).
Contrast the open streams which "pass away" ([Job 6:15-18](../../../kjv/job/6/15-18);
[2 Peter 2:17](../../../kjv/2-peter/2/17)).

**13. orchard**—*Hebrew,* "a
paradise," that is, a pleasure-ground and orchard. Not only
flowers, but fruit trees ([John 15:8](../../../kjv/john/15/8);
[Philippians 1:11](../../../kjv/philippians/1/11)).
**camphire**—not camphor
([Song of Solomon 1:14](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/1/14)), *hennah,* or
cypress blooms.

**14. calamus**—"sweet cane"
([Exodus 30:23](../../../kjv/exodus/30/23); [Jeremiah 6:20](../../../kjv/jeremiah/6/20)).
**myrrh and aloes**—Ointments
are associated with His death, as well as with feasts ([Jeremiah 6:20](../../../kjv/jeremiah/6/20)). The bride's ministry of "myrrh and aloes" is
recorded ([John 19:39](../../../kjv/john/19/39)).

**15. of**—This pleasure-ground is
not dependent on mere reservoirs; it has a fountain *sufficient to
water* many "gardens" (*plural*).
**living**— ([Jeremiah 17:8](../../../kjv/jeremiah/17/8);
[John 4:13](../../../kjv/john/4/13); [John 4:14](../../../kjv/john/4/14);
[John 7:38](../../../kjv/john/7/38); [John 7:39](../../../kjv/john/7/39)).
**from Lebanon**—Though the
fountain is lowly, the source is lofty; fed by the perpetual snows of
Lebanon, refreshingly cool ([John 7:39](../../../kjv/john/7/39)), fertilizing the gardens of Damascus. It springs upon
earth; its source is heaven. It is now not "sealed," but
open "streams" ([John 7:39](../../../kjv/john/7/39)).

**16. Awake**—literally, "arise."
All besides is ready; one thing alone is wanted—the breath of God.
This follows rightly after His death ([Song of Solomon 6:12](../../../kjv/song-of-solomon/6/12);
[Acts 2:1-4](../../../kjv/acts/2/1-4)). It is His call
to the Spirit to come ([John 14:16](../../../kjv/john/14/16));
in [John 3:8](../../../kjv/john/3/8), compared to "the
wind"; quickening ([John 6:63](../../../kjv/john/6/63);
[Ezekiel 27:9](../../../kjv/ezekiel/27/9)). Saints offer the same
prayer ([Psalms 85:6](../../../kjv/psalms/85/6); [Habakkuk 3:2](../../../kjv/habakkuk/3/2)).
The north wind "*awakes,*" or *arises* strongly,
namely, the Holy Ghost as a reprover ([Habakkuk 3:2](../../../kjv/habakkuk/3/2)); the south wind "*comes*" gently, namely,
the Holy Ghost as the comforter ([Habakkuk 3:2](../../../kjv/habakkuk/3/2)). The west wind brings rain from the sea ([1 Kings 18:44](../../../kjv/1-kings/18/44);
[1 Kings 18:45](../../../kjv/1-kings/18/45); [Luke 12:54](../../../kjv/luke/12/54)).
The east wind is tempestuous ([Job 27:21](../../../kjv/job/27/21);
[Isaiah 27:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/27/8)) and withering ([Isaiah 27:8](../../../kjv/isaiah/27/8)). These, therefore, are not wanted; but first the north
wind clearing the air ([Job 37:22](../../../kjv/job/37/22);
[Proverbs 25:23](../../../kjv/proverbs/25/23)), and then the warm
south wind ([Job 37:17](../../../kjv/job/37/17)); so the
Holy Ghost first clearing away mists of gloom, error, unbelief, sin,
which intercept the light of Jesus Christ, then infusing spiritual
warmth ([2 Corinthians 4:6](../../../kjv/2-corinthians/4/6)), causing the
graces to exhale their odor.
**Let my beloved,** c.—*the
bride's reply.* The fruit was now at length ripe the last
passover, which He had so desired, is come ([Luke 22:7](../../../kjv/luke/22/7);
[Luke 22:15](../../../kjv/luke/22/15); [Luke 22:16](../../../kjv/luke/22/16);
[Luke 22:18](../../../kjv/luke/22/18)), the only occasion in
which He took charge of the preparations.
**his**—answering to Jesus
Christ's "My." She owns that the garden is His, and the
fruits in her, which she does not in false humility deny ([Psalms 66:16](../../../kjv/psalms/66/16);
[Acts 21:19](../../../kjv/acts/21/19); [1 Corinthians 15:10](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/15/10))
are His ([John 15:8](../../../kjv/john/15/8); [Philippians 1:11](../../../kjv/philippians/1/11)).

```json
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