---
title: "Treasury of Scripture Knowledge -  Esther 1"
description: "Overview  Esther 1:1, Ahasuerus makes royal feasts; Esther 1:10, Vashti, sent for, refuses to come; Esther 1:13, Ahasuerus, by the counsel of Memucan, pu"
image: "/images/missing.jpg"
url: "https://realbiblebelievers.com/commentaries/treasury-of-scripture-knowledge/esther/1"
---

**Overview**
**** [Esther 1:1](../../../kjv/esther/1/1), Ahasuerus makes royal feasts; [Esther 1:10](../../../kjv/esther/1/10), Vashti, sent for, refuses to come; [Esther 1:13](../../../kjv/esther/1/13), Ahasuerus, by the counsel of Memucan, puts away Vashti, and makes the decree of men’s sovereignty.

**Ahasuerus:** Prideaux has shewn satisfactorily that Ahasuerus was the Artaxerxes Longimanus of the Greeks, agreeably to the Septuagint and Josephus. See note on [Ezra 6:14](../../../kjv/ezra/6/14). [Ezra 4:6](../../../kjv/ezra/4/6), [Daniel 9:1](../../../kjv/daniel/9/1)
**from India:** [Esther 8:9](../../../kjv/esther/8/9), [Isaiah 18:1](../../../kjv/isaiah/18/1), [Isaiah 37:9](../../../kjv/isaiah/37/9)
**an hundred:** [Daniel 6:1](../../../kjv/daniel/6/1)
**Reciprocal:** [Ezra 2:1](../../../kjv/ezra/2/1) - the children [Ezra 5:8](../../../kjv/ezra/5/8) - the province [Nehemiah 1:3](../../../kjv/nehemiah/1/3) - the province [Esther 2:3](../../../kjv/esther/2/3) - in all the provinces [Esther 4:3](../../../kjv/esther/4/3) - in every province [Esther 9:20](../../../kjv/esther/9/20) - in all the provinces [Esther 9:30](../../../kjv/esther/9/30) - the hundred [Esther 10:1](../../../kjv/esther/10/1) - laid a tribute [Daniel 3:1](../../../kjv/daniel/3/1) - in the province [Acts 23:34](../../../kjv/acts/23/34) - he asked

**sat:** [2 Samuel 7:1](../../../kjv/2-samuel/7/1), [1 Kings 1:46](../../../kjv/1-kings/1/46), [Daniel 4:4](../../../kjv/daniel/4/4)
**Shushan:** [Esther 2:3](../../../kjv/esther/2/3), [Esther 3:15](../../../kjv/esther/3/15), [Esther 4:16](../../../kjv/esther/4/16), [Esther 9:12-15](../../../kjv/esther/9/12-15), [Nehemiah 1:1](../../../kjv/nehemiah/1/1), [Daniel 8:2](../../../kjv/daniel/8/2)
**Reciprocal:** [Exodus 1:1](../../../kjv/exodus/1/1) - *General* [Ezra 4:9](../../../kjv/ezra/4/9) - Susanchites [Esther 2:5](../../../kjv/esther/2/5) - Shushan [Esther 8:14](../../../kjv/esther/8/14) - Shushan [Matthew 14:6](../../../kjv/matthew/14/6) - birthday

am 3542, bc 462
**he made:** [Esther 2:18](../../../kjv/esther/2/18), [Genesis 40:20](../../../kjv/genesis/40/20), [1 Kings 3:15](../../../kjv/1-kings/3/15), [Daniel 5:1](../../../kjv/daniel/5/1), [Mark 6:21](../../../kjv/mark/6/21)
**of Persia:** [Esther 1:14](../../../kjv/esther/1/14), [Ezra 1:2](../../../kjv/ezra/1/2), [Isaiah 21:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/21/2), [Jeremiah 51:11](../../../kjv/jeremiah/51/11), [Daniel 5:28](../../../kjv/daniel/5/28), [Daniel 8:20](../../../kjv/daniel/8/20)
**the nobles:** [Daniel 3:2](../../../kjv/daniel/3/2), [Daniel 3:3](../../../kjv/daniel/3/3), [Daniel 6:1](../../../kjv/daniel/6/1), [Daniel 6:6](../../../kjv/daniel/6/6), [Daniel 6:7](../../../kjv/daniel/6/7)
**Reciprocal:** [Genesis 21:8](../../../kjv/genesis/21/8) - feast [1 Samuel 25:36](../../../kjv/1-samuel/25/36) - a feast [2 Samuel 3:20](../../../kjv/2-samuel/3/20) - David [Ezra 2:1](../../../kjv/ezra/2/1) - the children [Esther 3:7](../../../kjv/esther/3/7) - in the twelfth [Jeremiah 51:28](../../../kjv/jeremiah/51/28) - the kings [Daniel 8:3](../../../kjv/daniel/8/3) - one [Luke 7:25](../../../kjv/luke/7/25) - are in [1 John 2:16](../../../kjv/1-john/2/16) - and the pride

**When he:** [Isaiah 39:2](../../../kjv/isaiah/39/2), [Ezekiel 28:5](../../../kjv/ezekiel/28/5), [Daniel 4:30](../../../kjv/daniel/4/30)
**the riches:** [Psalms 76:1-4](../../../kjv/psalms/76/1-4), [Psalms 145:5](../../../kjv/psalms/145/5), [Psalms 145:12](../../../kjv/psalms/145/12), [Psalms 145:13](../../../kjv/psalms/145/13), [Daniel 2:37-44](../../../kjv/daniel/2/37-44), [Daniel 7:9-14](../../../kjv/daniel/7/9-14), [Matthew 4:8](../../../kjv/matthew/4/8), [Matthew 6:13](../../../kjv/matthew/6/13), [Romans 9:23](../../../kjv/romans/9/23), [Ephesians 1:18](../../../kjv/ephesians/1/18), [Colossians 1:27](../../../kjv/colossians/1/27), [Revelation 4:11](../../../kjv/revelation/4/11)
**excellent:** [1 Chronicles 29:11](../../../kjv/1-chronicles/29/11), [1 Chronicles 29:12](../../../kjv/1-chronicles/29/12), [1 Chronicles 29:25](../../../kjv/1-chronicles/29/25), [Job 40:10](../../../kjv/job/40/10), [Psalms 21:5](../../../kjv/psalms/21/5), [Psalms 45:3](../../../kjv/psalms/45/3), [Psalms 93:1](../../../kjv/psalms/93/1), [Daniel 4:36](../../../kjv/daniel/4/36), [Daniel 5:18](../../../kjv/daniel/5/18), [2 Peter 1:16](../../../kjv/2-peter/1/16), [2 Peter 1:17](../../../kjv/2-peter/1/17)
**Reciprocal:** [Esther 5:11](../../../kjv/esther/5/11) - the glory [Acts 25:23](../../../kjv/acts/25/23) - with [1 Thessalonians 2:6](../../../kjv/1-thessalonians/2/6) - of men

**present:** Heb. found
**seven days:** [2 Chronicles 7:8](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/7/8), [2 Chronicles 7:9](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/7/9), [2 Chronicles 30:21-25](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/30/21-25)
**Reciprocal:** [2 Kings 23:2](../../../kjv/2-kings/23/2) - both small and great [Mark 6:39](../../../kjv/mark/6/39) - *General*

**white:** [Exodus 26:1](../../../kjv/exodus/26/1), [Exodus 26:31](../../../kjv/exodus/26/31), [Exodus 26:32](../../../kjv/exodus/26/32), [Exodus 26:36](../../../kjv/exodus/26/36), [Exodus 26:37](../../../kjv/exodus/26/37)
**blue:** or, violet, [Esther 8:15](../../../kjv/esther/8/15)
**the beds:** These were couches, covered with gold and silver cloth, on which the guests reclined; for the Orientals do not sit, but recline at their meals. [Esther 7:8](../../../kjv/esther/7/8), [Ezekiel 23:41](../../../kjv/ezekiel/23/41), [Amos 2:8](../../../kjv/amos/2/8), [Amos 6:4](../../../kjv/amos/6/4)
**red:** etc. or, of porphyre, and marble, and alabaster, and stone of blue colour
**Reciprocal:** [Mark 6:39](../../../kjv/mark/6/39) - *General*

**vessels of gold:** [1 Kings 10:21](../../../kjv/1-kings/10/21), [2 Chronicles 9:20](../../../kjv/2-chronicles/9/20), [Daniel 5:2-4](../../../kjv/daniel/5/2-4)
**royal wine:** Heb. wine of the kingdom
**state of the king:** Heb. hand of the king.
**Reciprocal:** [Judges 14:10](../../../kjv/judges/14/10) - made there [2 Kings 7:15](../../../kjv/2-kings/7/15) - vessels

**none did compel:** Every person drank what he pleased. Among the Greeks, however, each guest was obliged to keep the round, or leave the company: hence the proverb  ניטי, ח בניטי, Drink, or begone. Mr. Herbert, in his poem entitled "The Church Porch," has severely reprobated this vile custom. In Britain, however, this demoralizing custom is now almost destroyed, and a new era of social pleasure is arising, by temperate habits, increased domestic comforts, and the spread of gospel truths. [Jeremiah 35:8](../../../kjv/jeremiah/35/8), [Jeremiah 51:7](../../../kjv/jeremiah/51/7), [Habakkuk 2:15](../../../kjv/habakkuk/2/15), [Habakkuk 2:16](../../../kjv/habakkuk/2/16)
**the officers:** [John 2:8](../../../kjv/john/2/8)
**Reciprocal:** [Ezra 2:1](../../../kjv/ezra/2/1) - the children

**the queen:** [Esther 5:4](../../../kjv/esther/5/4), [Esther 5:8](../../../kjv/esther/5/8)

**the heart:** [Genesis 43:34](../../../kjv/genesis/43/34), [Judges 16:25](../../../kjv/judges/16/25), [1 Samuel 25:36](../../../kjv/1-samuel/25/36), [1 Samuel 25:37](../../../kjv/1-samuel/25/37), [2 Samuel 13:28](../../../kjv/2-samuel/13/28), [Proverbs 20:1](../../../kjv/proverbs/20/1), [Ecclesiastes 7:2-4](../../../kjv/ecclesiastes/7/2-4), [Ecclesiastes 10:19](../../../kjv/ecclesiastes/10/19), [Ephesians 5:18](../../../kjv/ephesians/5/18), [Ephesians 5:19](../../../kjv/ephesians/5/19)
**Harbona:** [Esther 7:9](../../../kjv/esther/7/9), Harbonah
**chamberlains:** or, eunuchs, [Daniel 1:3-5](../../../kjv/daniel/1/3-5), [Daniel 1:18](../../../kjv/daniel/1/18), [Daniel 1:19](../../../kjv/daniel/1/19)
**Reciprocal:** [Genesis 37:36](../../../kjv/genesis/37/36) - officer [Judges 19:6](../../../kjv/judges/19/6) - let thine heart [Ruth 3:7](../../../kjv/ruth/3/7) - his heart [2 Kings 9:32](../../../kjv/2-kings/9/32) - eunuchs [Esther 2:2](../../../kjv/esther/2/2) - king's servants [Esther 4:5](../../../kjv/esther/4/5) - appointed to attend upon her [Matthew 14:6](../../../kjv/matthew/14/6) - danced [Mark 6:22](../../../kjv/mark/6/22) - *General*

**Vashti:** [Proverbs 16:9](../../../kjv/proverbs/16/9), [Proverbs 23:29-33](../../../kjv/proverbs/23/29-33), [Mark 6:21](../../../kjv/mark/6/21), [Mark 6:22](../../../kjv/mark/6/22)
**fair to look on:** Heb. good of countenance, [1 Samuel 25:3](../../../kjv/1-samuel/25/3), [2 Samuel 14:25](../../../kjv/2-samuel/14/25), [Proverbs 31:30](../../../kjv/proverbs/31/30)
**Reciprocal:** [Ezra 2:1](../../../kjv/ezra/2/1) - the children [Esther 2:7](../../../kjv/esther/2/7) - fair and beautiful [Esther 5:1](../../../kjv/esther/5/1) - royal [Luke 7:25](../../../kjv/luke/7/25) - are in

**the queen:** This refusal of Vashti's, to expose herself to the view of such a group of drunken Bacchanalians, was highly praiseworthy, and became the dignity of her rank and the modesty of her sex.
**refused:** [Genesis 3:16](../../../kjv/genesis/3/16), [Ephesians 5:22](../../../kjv/ephesians/5/22), [Ephesians 5:24](../../../kjv/ephesians/5/24), [1 Peter 3:1](../../../kjv/1-peter/3/1)
**by his chamberlains:** Heb. which was by the hand of his eunuchs
**was the king:** [Proverbs 19:12](../../../kjv/proverbs/19/12), [Proverbs 20:2](../../../kjv/proverbs/20/2), [Daniel 2:12](../../../kjv/daniel/2/12), [Daniel 3:13](../../../kjv/daniel/3/13), [Daniel 3:19](../../../kjv/daniel/3/19), [Nahum 1:6](../../../kjv/nahum/1/6), [Revelation 6:16](../../../kjv/revelation/6/16), [Revelation 6:17](../../../kjv/revelation/6/17)
**burned:** [Exodus 32:19](../../../kjv/exodus/32/19), [Exodus 32:22](../../../kjv/exodus/32/22), [Deuteronomy 29:20](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/29/20), [Psalms 74:1](../../../kjv/psalms/74/1), [Psalms 79:5](../../../kjv/psalms/79/5)
**Reciprocal:** [Genesis 44:18](../../../kjv/genesis/44/18) - anger [2 Samuel 14:29](../../../kjv/2-samuel/14/29) - but he would [Esther 2:1](../../../kjv/esther/2/1) - what was decreed [Esther 3:5](../../../kjv/esther/3/5) - full of wrath [Esther 4:4](../../../kjv/esther/4/4) - chamberlains [Esther 4:5](../../../kjv/esther/4/5) - appointed to attend upon her [Esther 7:7](../../../kjv/esther/7/7) - in his wrath [Proverbs 31:30](../../../kjv/proverbs/31/30) - Favour

**the wise:** [Jeremiah 10:7](../../../kjv/jeremiah/10/7), [Daniel 2:2](../../../kjv/daniel/2/2), [Daniel 2:12](../../../kjv/daniel/2/12), [Daniel 2:27](../../../kjv/daniel/2/27), [Daniel 4:6](../../../kjv/daniel/4/6), [Daniel 4:7](../../../kjv/daniel/4/7), [Daniel 5:7](../../../kjv/daniel/5/7), [Matthew 2:1](../../../kjv/matthew/2/1)
**knew:** [1 Chronicles 12:32](../../../kjv/1-chronicles/12/32), [Matthew 16:3](../../../kjv/matthew/16/3)
**Reciprocal:** [Daniel 2:21](../../../kjv/daniel/2/21) - he changeth

**the seven:** [Ezra 7:14](../../../kjv/ezra/7/14)
**saw:** [2 Kings 25:19](../../../kjv/2-kings/25/19), [Matthew 18:10](../../../kjv/matthew/18/10), [Revelation 22:4](../../../kjv/revelation/22/4)
**Reciprocal:** [Esther 1:3](../../../kjv/esther/1/3) - of Persia [Esther 2:2](../../../kjv/esther/2/2) - king's servants [Esther 3:1](../../../kjv/esther/3/1) - above all the princes [Esther 8:1](../../../kjv/esther/8/1) - came before [Jeremiah 52:25](../../../kjv/jeremiah/52/25) - were near the king's person

**What shall we do:** Heb. What to do, [Esther 6:6](../../../kjv/esther/6/6)

**Vashti:** This reasoning was inconsequent and false. Vashti had not generally disobeyed the king, therefore she could be no precedent for the general conduct of the Persian women. She disobeyed only in one particular; and this, to serve a purpose, Memucan draws into a general consequence, and the rest came into the conclusion, being either too intoxicated to be able to discern right from wrong, or too intent on reducing women to a state of vassalage, to neglect the present favourable opportunity.
**done wrong:** [Acts 18:14](../../../kjv/acts/18/14), [Acts 25:10](../../../kjv/acts/25/10), [1 Corinthians 6:7](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/6/7), [1 Corinthians 6:8](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/6/8)
**Reciprocal:** [1 Kings 12:14](../../../kjv/1-kings/12/14) - the counsel [Ephesians 5:22](../../../kjv/ephesians/5/22) - submit [1 Peter 3:1](../../../kjv/1-peter/3/1) - ye

**despise:** [2 Samuel 6:16](../../../kjv/2-samuel/6/16), [Ephesians 5:33](../../../kjv/ephesians/5/33)
**Reciprocal:** [1 Corinthians 14:34](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/14/34) - as

**the ladies:** Saroth, the princesses, but the meaning is well expressed by our term ladies. [Judges 5:29](../../../kjv/judges/5/29), [1 Kings 11:3](../../../kjv/1-kings/11/3)

**it please the king:** Heb. it be good with the king, [Esther 1:21](../../../kjv/esther/1/21), [Esther 3:9](../../../kjv/esther/3/9), [Esther 8:5](../../../kjv/esther/8/5)
**from him:** Heb. from before him
**it be not altered:** Heb. it pass not away, [Esther 8:8](../../../kjv/esther/8/8), [Daniel 6:8-15](../../../kjv/daniel/6/8-15), [Daniel 6:17](../../../kjv/daniel/6/17), Let it be inserted among the permanent laws, and be made a part of the constitution of the empire. The Persians seem to have affected such a degree of wisdom in the construction of their laws, that they never could be amended, and should never be repealed; and this formed the ground of the saying, "The laws of the Medes and Persians that change not."
**another:** Heb. her companion
**that is better:** [1 Samuel 15:28](../../../kjv/1-samuel/15/28), [1 Kings 3:28](../../../kjv/1-kings/3/28)
**Reciprocal:** [1 Kings 2:32](../../../kjv/1-kings/2/32) - more righteous [Nehemiah 2:5](../../../kjv/nehemiah/2/5) - If it please [Esther 4:11](../../../kjv/esther/4/11) - but I [Daniel 6:12](../../../kjv/daniel/6/12) - The thing

**throughout:** [Deuteronomy 17:13](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/17/13), [Deuteronomy 21:21](../../../kjv/deuteronomy/21/21)
**all the wives:** [Ephesians 5:33](../../../kjv/ephesians/5/33), [Colossians 3:18](../../../kjv/colossians/3/18), [1 Peter 3:1-7](../../../kjv/1-peter/3/1-7)
**Reciprocal:** [Genesis 3:16](../../../kjv/genesis/3/16) - rule [Ephesians 5:22](../../../kjv/ephesians/5/22) - submit [1 Timothy 2:11](../../../kjv/1-timothy/2/11) - *General*

**pleased the king:** Heb. was good in the eyes of the king, [Esther 1:19](../../../kjv/esther/1/19), [Esther 2:4](../../../kjv/esther/2/4), [Genesis 41:37](../../../kjv/genesis/41/37)
**Reciprocal:** [Genesis 45:16](../../../kjv/genesis/45/16) - it pleased Pharaoh well [Joshua 22:30](../../../kjv/joshua/22/30) - it pleased them [2 Samuel 17:4](../../../kjv/2-samuel/17/4) - pleased Absalom well

**into every province:** [Esther 3:12](../../../kjv/esther/3/12), [Esther 8:9](../../../kjv/esther/8/9), [Daniel 3:29](../../../kjv/daniel/3/29), [Daniel 4:1](../../../kjv/daniel/4/1)
**that every man:** Both the law of God and common sense taught this from the foundation of the world; and this parade of enactment was only to deprive Vashti of her crown. [Ephesians 5:22-24](../../../kjv/ephesians/5/22-24), [1 Timothy 2:12](../../../kjv/1-timothy/2/12), [Titus 2:4](../../../kjv/titus/2/4), [Titus 2:5](../../../kjv/titus/2/5)
**it should:** etc. Heb. one should publish it according to the language of his country, [Esther 3:12](../../../kjv/esther/3/12)
**according:** [Luke 16:8](../../../kjv/luke/16/8), [Acts 2:5-11](../../../kjv/acts/2/5-11), [1 Corinthians 14:19](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/14/19), [1 Corinthians 14:20](../../../kjv/1-corinthians/14/20)
**Reciprocal:** [Ezra 5:8](../../../kjv/ezra/5/8) - the province [Esther 9:20](../../../kjv/esther/9/20) - in all the provinces

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