1.
And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
spake. Introducing new class: non savour offerings. The sweet savour offerings introduced by the word "called". See note on Leviticus 5:14 .
2.
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If a soul shall sin through ignorance against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which ought not to be done, and shall do against any of them:
children. Hebrew sons.
soul. Hebrew. nephesh. See App-13 . Not as in the burnt offering; no voluntary offering here.
ignorance. If man cannot know what sin is, how can he know how to put it away? If he know not his own sin, how can he know or put away that of others?
3.
If the priest that is anointed do sin according to the sin of the people; then let him bring for his sin, which he hath sinned, a young bullock without blemish unto the LORD for a sin offering.
the priest that is anointed. This phrase is confined to Lev. (Leviticus 4:3 , Leviticus 4:5 , Leviticus 4:16 ; Leviticus 6:22 ) four times. In other portions of the Pentateuch it is "high priest" or "great priest" (Leviticus 21:10 . Numbers 35:25 , Numbers 35:28 , and in Joshua 20:6 ), after this it is "chief priest" (2 Kings 25:18 . 2 Chronicles 19:11 ; 2 Chronicles 26:20 ; 2 Chronicles 31:10 . Ezra 7:5 . Hag. and Zech.)
do sin. Hebrew. chat'a. App-44 .
the sin. Hebrew. 'asham. See App-44 .
his sin . . . sinned. Hebrew. chat'a. App-44 .
sin offering. Hebrew. chat'a. "Offering" not in Hebrew; rightly supplied here, as it should be in Genesis 4:7 .
4.
And he shall bring the bullock unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation before the LORD; and shall lay his hand upon the bullock's head, and kill the bullock before the LORD.
door = entrance.
tabernacle of the congregation = tent of assembly.
5.
And the priest that is anointed shall take of the bullock's blood, and bring it to the tabernacle of the congregation:
6.
And the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle of the blood seven times before the LORD, before the vail of the sanctuary.
sprinkle. Hebrew throw, or splash.
seven times. The number of spiritual perfection. See App-10 .
before. Not in the Hebrew. On vail or floor. Explanatory of previous sentence. Or, may = before the LORD, by Figure of speech Metonymy ( App-6 .)
vail. Type of the perfect humanity of Christ. No avail for purposes of atonement without blood. We are saved by His death, not by His life (Ephesians 2:13 ).
7.
And the priest shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar of sweet incense before the LORD, which is in the tabernacle of the congregation: and shall pour all the blood of the bullock at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
before. A various reading called Sevir has "which is before". See App-34 .
all = all the remaining blood.
8.
And he shall take off from it all the fat of the bullock for the sin offering; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that is upon the inwards,
fat = the best or choicest part, Leviticus 3:3 .
9.
And the two kidneys, and the fat that is upon them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away,
caul, or the network.
10.
As it was taken off from the bullock of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall burn them upon the altar of the burnt offering.
As = according as.
burn. Hebrew. saraph. See App-43 ; and note that it is not the word used for burning incense, which is katar. App-43 .
11.
And the skin of the bullock, and all his flesh, with his head, and with his legs, and his inwards, and his dung,
12.
Even the whole bullock shall he carry forth without the camp unto a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn him on the wood with fire: where the ashes are poured out shall he be burnt.
he carry forth = cause to be carried. Compare Leviticus 4:14 .
without the camp. Compare Hebrews 13:11 , Hebrews 13:12 . See note on Exodus 29:14 .
wood = logs. Any wood allowed, such as straw or stubble. Not so with the other offerings.
13.
And if the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance, and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done somewhat against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which should not be done, and are guilty;
congregation = assembly. Not the same word as in Leviticus 4:14 .
sin. Hebrew. shagah. See App-44 . See 1 Samuel 14:32 .
somewhat, &c, and concerning, &c. These two Ellipses rightly supplied. See App-6 .
14.
When the sin, which they have sinned against it, is known, then the congregation shall offer a young bullock for the sin, and bring him before the tabernacle of the congregation.
sin . . . sinned. Hebrew. chat'a. App-44 .
offer = cause to be offered. Compare ' Leviticus 4:12 .
for the sin = as a sin offering. See App-43 .
15.
And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands upon the head of the bullock before the LORD: and the bullock shall be killed before the LORD.
16.
And the priest that is anointed shall bring of the bullock's blood to the tabernacle of the congregation:
17.
And the priest shall dip his finger in some of the blood, and sprinkle it seven times before the LORD, even before the vail.
it. Read "the blood", with Samaritan Pentateuch, as in Leviticus 4:6 .
before the vail. See note on Leviticus 4:6 .
18.
And he shall put some of the blood upon the horns of the altar which is before the LORD, that is in the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall pour out all the blood at the bottom of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation.
door = entrance.
19.
And he shall take all his fat from him, and burn it upon the altar.
burn. Hebrew. katar, to burn as incense, not as in Leviticus 4:12 . See App-43 .
20.
And he shall do with the bullock as he did with the bullock for a sin offering, so shall he do with this: and the priest shall make an atonement for them, and it shall be forgiven them.
as = according as.
make an atonement. See note on Leviticus 1:4 and Exodus 29:33 .
21.
And he shall carry forth the bullock without the camp, and burn him as he burned the first bullock: it is a sin offering for the congregation.
as he burned = according as he burned. Hebrew. saraph, as in Leviticus 4:12 . See App-43 .
22.
When a ruler hath sinned, and done somewhat through ignorance against any of the commandments of the LORD his God concerning things which should not be done, and is guilty;
ruler. Hebrew word is used of a king (1 Kings 11:34 .Ezekiel 34:24 ; Ezekiel 46:2 ), the head of a tribe (Numbers 1:16 , Numbers 1:46 ; Numbers 34:18 ), but as the words "his God" are used here, and are absent (in verses: Leviticus 4:2 , Leviticus 4:13 , Leviticus 4:27 ), it denotes one whom God appoints and to whom the ruler is responsible.
sinned. Hebrew. chat'a. See App-44 .
God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4 .
guilty = should become aware of his inadvertences.
23.
Or if his sin, wherein he hath sinned, come to his knowledge; he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a male without blemish:
sin. Hebrew. chat'a. App-44 .
male: for ruler, female for one of the people, Leviticus 4:28 . Compare Leviticus 5:13 .
24.
And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat, and kill it in the place where they kill the burnt offering before the LORD: it is a sin offering.
25.
And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out his blood at the bottom of the altar of burnt offering.
26.
And he shall burn all his fat upon the altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of peace offerings: and the priest shall make an atonement for him as concerning his sin, and it shall be forgiven him.
27.
And if any one of the common people sin through ignorance, while he doeth somewhat against any of the commandments of the LORD concerning things which ought not to be done, and be guilty;
one = soul. Hebrew. nephesh. See App-13 .
be guilty = acknowledges his guilt, as in Leviticus 4:22 .
28.
Or if his sin, which he hath sinned, come to his knowledge: then he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a female without blemish, for his sin which he hath sinned.
female for one of the People, male for "ruler", Leviticus 4:22 . Compare Leviticus 5:13 .
29.
And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay the sin offering in the place of the burnt offering.
in the place: i.e. where the burnt offering is wont to be slain.
30.
And the priest shall take of the blood thereof with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out all the blood thereof at the bottom of the altar.
31.
And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat is taken away from off the sacrifice of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it upon the altar for a sweet savour unto the LORD; and the priest shall make an atonement for him, and it shall be forgiven him.
sweet savour. This is added here because of the burning of the fat. It is not said of the sin offering of the high priest, the ruler, or the congregation (compare verses: Leviticus 4:10 , Leviticus 4:19 , Leviticus 4:26 ), though used in the burnt offerings (Leviticus 1:9 , Leviticus 1:13 ), and peace offerings (Leviticus 3:5 , Leviticus 3:16 ). The sweet savour here, in this connection, exalts the offering of the humblest person.
32.
And if he bring a lamb for a sin offering, he shall bring it a female without blemish.
a lamb = a sheep, Compare Leviticus 3:7 . Ritual same as the goat, but treated separately because of the fat tail.
offering. Hebrew. korban. App-43 . Literally "an offering for his sin [offering]".
33.
And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and slay it for a sin offering in the place where they kill the burnt offering
34.
And the priest shall take of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and put it upon the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and shall pour out all the blood thereof at the bottom of the altar:
of the blood of the sin offering. A reading of the Severus Codex is "from its blood", as in Leviticus 4:30 .
35.
And he shall take away all the fat thereof, as the fat of the lamb is taken away from the sacrifice of the peace offerings; and the priest shall burn them upon the altar, according to the offerings made by fire unto the LORD: and the priest shall make an atonement for his sin that he hath committed, and it shall be forgiven him.
Sacrifice. Hebrew. zebach. App-43 .
according to = upon.
offerings made by fire. Hebrew. ishsheh. App-43 .