Now it came to pass in the days when the judges ruled, that there was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Bethlehemjudah went to sojourn in the country of Moab, he, and his wife, and his two sons.
Now it came to pass in the days when the judges ruled, that there was a famine in the land. And a certain man of Bethlehemjudah went to sojourn in the country of Moab, he, and his wife, and his two sons.
Now it came to pass in the days. Occurs five times. Always denotes impending trouble, followed by happy deliverance. Compare Genesis 14:1 .Esther 1:1 .Isaiah 7:1 .Jeremiah 1:3 .
when the judges ruled. Doubtless, in the early days, before the sin of Judges 1 developed the later internal disorders, and outward oppressions.
a famine. See note on Genesis 12:10 .
country = fields.
And the name of the man was Elimelech, and the name of his wife Naomi, and the name of his two sons Mahlon and Chilion, Ephrathites of Bethlehemjudah. And they came into the country of Moab, and continued there.
Elimelech = My God is king.
Naomi = My pleasant one. Mahlon = Sick.
Chilion = Pining.
Ephrathites. Ephrath was the ancient name of Beth-lehem, where Rachel was buried (Genesis 35:19 ; Genesis 48:7 ).
And Elimelech Naomi's husband died; and she was left, and her two sons.
And they took them wives of the women of Moab; the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other Ruth: and they dwelled there about ten years.
took them wives. Canaanitish wives forbidden (Deuteronomy 7:3 , &c.), but not Moabitish wives; though a Moabite man might not enter the congregation of Jehovah. See note, Deuteronomy 23:3 .
Orpah = Hind or Fawn.
Ruth = Beauty. Wife of Mahlon the elder.
And Mahlon and Chilion died also both of them; and the woman was left of her two sons and her husband.
left = left survivor.
Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the LORD had visited his people in giving them bread.
return. This was in 1326, the year before the second jubilee (1325-1324). See App-50 .
the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4 .
visited. Compare Exodus 4:31 .Psalms 132:15 .Luke 1:68 .
Wherefore she went forth out of the place where she was, and her two daughters in law with her; and they went on the way to return unto the land of Judah.
And Naomi said unto her two daughters in law, Go, return each to her mother's house: the LORD deal kindly with you, as ye have dealt with the dead, and with me.
as = according as.
The LORD grant you that ye may find rest, each of you in the house of her husband. Then she kissed them; and they lifted up their voice, and wept.
rest. Compare Ruth 3:1 . A characteristic word in this Book.
And they said unto her, Surely we will return with thee unto thy people.
we will return with thee. This liberty was allowed by the laws of Khammurabi, 171-173 and 177.
And Naomi said, Turn again, my daughters: why will ye go with me? are there yet any more sons in my womb, that they may be your husbands?
why . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6 .
Turn again, my daughters, go your way; for I am too old to have an husband. If I should say, I have hope, if I should have an husband also to night, and should also bear sons;
should say = should have said.
Would ye tarry for them till they were grown? would ye stay for them from having husbands? nay, my daughters; for it grieveth me much for your sakes that the hand of the LORD is gone out against me.
Would . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6 .
And they lifted up their voice, and wept again: and Orpah kissed her mother in law; but Ruth clave unto her.
And she said, Behold, thy sister in law is gone back unto her people, and unto her gods: return thou after thy sister in law.
And Ruth said, Intreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee: for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God:
Where thou diest, will I die, and there will I be buried: the LORD do so to me, and more also, if ought but death part thee and me.
When she saw that she was stedfastly minded to go with her, then she left speaking unto her.
So they two went until they came to Bethlehem. And it came to pass, when they were come to Bethlehem, that all the city was moved about them, and they said, Is this Naomi?
Beth-lehem = House of bread.
And she said unto them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara: for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me.
them. Feminine. And the verb "call" is feminine, also, so that Naomi was addressing the women. the ALMIGHTY = Shaddai. See App-4 .
I went out full, and the LORD hath brought me home again empty: why then call ye me Naomi, seeing the LORD hath testified against me, and the Almighty hath afflicted me?
So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter in law, with her, which returned out of the country of Moab: and they came to Bethlehem in the beginning of barley harvest.
the Moabitess. So called five times. In Deuteronomy 23:3 , it is masculine, and does not affect Ruth.
barley harvest. Therefore at the Passover.