1. Tartan—probably the same general as was sent by Sennacherib against Hezekiah (). GESENIUS takes "Tartan" as a title.
Ashdod—called by the Greeks Azotus (Acts 8:40); on the Mediterranean, one of the "five" cities of the Philistines. The taking of it was a necessary preliminary to the invasion of Egypt, to which it was the key in that quarter, the Philistines being allies of Egypt. So strongly did the Assyrians fortify it that it stood a twenty-nine years' siege, when it was retaken by the Egyptian Psammetichus.
sent—Sargon himself remained behind engaged with the Phoelignician cities, or else led the main force more directly into Egypt out of Judah [G. V. SMITH].

2. by—literally, "by the hand of" (compare Ezekiel 3:14).
sackcloth—the loose outer garment of coarse dark hair-cloth worn by mourners (Ezekiel 3:14) and by prophets, fastened at the waist by a girdle (Matthew 3:4; 2 Kings 1:8; Zechariah 13:4).
naked—rather, "uncovered"; he merely put off the outer sackcloth, retaining still the tunic or inner vest (1 Samuel 19:24; Amos 2:16; John 21:7); an emblem to show that Egypt should be stripped of its possessions; the very dress of Isaiah was a silent exhortation to repentance.

3. three years—Isaiah's symbolical action did not continue all this time, but at intervals, to keep it before the people's mind during that period [ROSENMULLER]. Rather, join "three years" with "sign," a three years' sign, that is, a sign that a three years' calamity would come on Egypt and Ethiopia [BARNES], (Isaiah 8:18). This is the only instance of a strictly symbolical act performed by Isaiah. With later prophets, as Jeremiah and Ezekiel, such acts were common. In some cases they were performed, not literally, but only in prophetic vision.
wonder—rather, "omen"; conveying a threat as to the future [G. V. SMITH].
upon—in reference to, against.

4. buttocks uncovered—BELZONI says that captives are found represented thus on Egyptian monuments (Isaiah 47:2; Isaiah 47:3; Nahum 3:5; Nahum 3:8; Nahum 3:9), where as here, Egypt and Ethiopia are mentioned as in alliance.

5. they—the Philistine allies of Egypt who trusted in it for help against Assyria. A warning to the party among the Jews, who, though Judah was then the subordinate ally of Assyria, were looking to Egypt as a preferable ally (). Ethiopia was their "expectation"; for Palestine had not yet obtained, but hoped for alliance with it. Egypt was their "glory," that is, boast (); for the alliance with it was completed.

6. isle—that is, coast on the Mediterranean—Philistia, perhaps Phoelignicia (compare Isaiah 23:2; Isaiah 11:11; Isaiah 13:22; Psalms 72:10).
we—emphatical; if Egypt, in which we trusted, was overcome, how shall we, a small weak state, escape?