(1) O Lord, rebuke.—See Note, Psalms 6:1, of which verse this is almost a repetition.

(2) For thine arrows . . .—The same figure is used of the disease from which Job suffered (elephantiasis? Job 6:4); of famine (Ezekiel 5:16); and generally of divine judgments (Deuteronomy 32:23). By itself it therefore decides nothing as to the particular cause of the Psalmist’s grief.
Stick fast.—Better, have sunk into, from a root meaning to descend. Presseth, in the next clause, is from the same verb. Translate, therefore,
For thine arrows have fallen deep into me,
And fallen upon me has thine hand.

(3) Rest . . .—Better, health. The Hebrew is from a root meaning to be whole. Peace (see margin), the reading of the LXX. and Vulg. is a derived meaning.

(4) Are gone over mine head.—Like waves or a flood. (Comp. Psalms 18:15; Psalms 69:2; Psalms 69:15. Comp.
“A sea of troubles.”—Hamlet, Acts 3, scene 1)

(5) Wounds.—Better, stripes, as in LXX.
Stink and are corrupt.—Both words denote suppuration; the first in reference to the offensive smell, the second of the discharge of matter; the whole passage recalls Isaiah 1:6, seq.
Foolishness.—Men are generally even more loth to confess their folly than their sins.

(6) I am troubled.—Better,
I am made to writhe (see margin),
I am bowed down exceedingly,
All day long I go about squalid.
(See Psalms 35:14, and comp. Isaiah 21:3.) The usual Oriental signs of mourning are alluded to in the last clause.

(7) Loathsome disease.—The Hebrew word is a passive participle of a verb meaning to scorch, and here means inflamed or inflammation. Ewald renders “ulcers.” The LXX. and Vulg., deriving from another root meaning to be light, or made light of, render “mockings.”

(8) I am feeble and sore broken.—Better, I am become deadly cold, and am quite worn out.
Disquietness.—Properly, roaring. Thus, of the sea (Isaiah 5:30), of lions (Proverbs 19:12; Proverbs 20:2). A very slight alteration once suggested by Hitzig, but since abandoned, would give here, “I roared more than the roaring of a lion.”

(9) All my desire.—Notice the clutch at the thought of divine justice, as the clutch of a drowning man amid that sea of trouble.

(10) Panteth.—Better, palpitates. The Hebrew word, like palpitate, expresses the beating of the heart, by its sound, secharchar.

(11) Sore is rather stroke, as in margin, or plague. His friends, looking on him as “one smitten of God,” and thinking “he must be wicked to deserve such pain,” abandon him as too vile for their society.
Kinsmen.—Render rather, as in margin, neighbours, or near ones.
Those who should have been near me stand aloof.

(14) Reproofs.—Better, replies or justifications, (For the whole passage comp. Isaiah 53:7.)

(15) Thou wilt hear.—Thou is emphatic.

(16) Lest.—It is better to carry on the force of the particle of condition:
For I said, Lest they should rejoice over me:
Lest, when my foot slipped, they should vaunt themselves against me.

(18) Sorry.—The note of true penitence is here. The sorrow is for the sin itself, not for its miserable results.

(19) But mine enemies are lively.—See margin. But the parallelism and a comparison with Psalms 35:19 lead to the suspicion that the true reading is “without cause.”