1.
Now before the feast of the passover, when Jesus knew that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved his own which were in the world, he loved them unto the end.
Now. Not the same word as in John 12:27 , John 12:31 , expressing a point of time, but a particle (Greek. de) introducing a new subject.
before. Greek. pro. App-104 . The preparation day, the 14th day of Nisan, our Tuesday sunset to Wednesday sunset, the day of the Crucifixion. See App-156 ,
feast. See on Matthew 26:17 and Numbers 28:17 .
Passover . Aramaean pascha. See App-94 .
when Jesus knew = Jesus ( App-98 . X), knowing (Greek. oida, App-132 .)
hour . See John 2:4 ; John 7:30 ; John 8:20 ; John 12:23 , John 12:27 ; John 17:1 ; and contrast Luke 22:53 .
depart . Greek. metabaino = pass over from one place to another. Used by John in three other places: John 5:24 ; John 7:3 , and 1 John 3:14 .
out of. Greek. ek. App-104 .
world . Greek. kosmos. App-129 .
unto . Greek. pros. App-104 .
the Father . App-98 . See John 1:14 .
loved . Greek. agapao. App-135 .
in . Greek. en. App-104 .
unto . Greek. eis. App-104 .
end = furthest extent, referring not so much to a period of time, the end of His life, as to His readiness to descend to the humblest service in their behalf.
2.
And supper being ended, the devil having now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon's son, to betray him;
supper . The last supper recorded. See App-157 .
being ended. In view of John 13:26 , Alford's translation, "supper having been served, "is preferable to Authorized Version and Revised Version renderings. It means "supper being laid". Washing would naturally precede the meal Compare Luke 7:44 .
the devil. See notes on Matthew 4:1-11 .Luke 4:1-18 , and App-19 and App-116 .
now = already.
into . Greek. eis. App-104 .
Judas . See John 6:71 .
3.
Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he was come from God, and went to God;
had given . &c. These statements of His divine origin, authority, and coming glory, are made so as to enhance the amazing condescension of the service to which He humbled Himself to do the office of a bond-slave.
come = come forth. Compare John 8:42 ; John 16:30 ; John 17:8 .
from . Greek apo. App-104 .
God. App-98 .
went = is going away.
to = unto. Greek. pros. As in John 13:1 .
4.
He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself.
riseth . App-178 . from. Greek. ek. App-104 .
supper = supper table (as we should say), i.e., after they had taken their places.
garments , i.e. the outer garment. Greek. himation, translated "robe "in John 19:2 , John 19:6 . This was removed for working, and for sleeping was often used as a coverlet. When removed, leaving only the chiton or tunic, the man was said to be naked.
towel . Greek. lention, a linen cloth (Latin. linteum).
5.
After that he poureth water into a bason, and began to wash the disciples' feet, and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded.
6.
Then cometh he to Simon Peter: and Peter saith unto him, Lord, dost thou wash my feet?
Then. = Therefore.
Simon Peter . App-141 . Peter. No word for Peter. Some substitute ekeinos (he, - emphatic), but L T Trm. A WI R reject it.
Lord. Greek. kurios. App-98 .
thou . . . my . The pronouns are emphatic.
7.
Jesus answered and said unto him, What I do thou knowest not now; but thou shalt know hereafter.
not. Greek. ou. App-105 .
now. Greek. arti = just now.
know = get to know. Greek. ginosko. App-132 .
hereafter = after (Greek. meta. App-104 .) these things.
8.
Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with me.
never = by no means (Greek. ou me. App-105 )
unto the age (Greek. eis ton aiona. App-151 ).
If. Greek. ean, with subj. App-118 .
not . Greek me. App-105 .
no = not ( App-105 .) any.
with . Greek. meta. App-104 .
9.
Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, not my feet only, but also my hands and my head.
10.
Jesus saith to him, He that is washed needeth not save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and ye are clean, but not all.
washed = bathed. Greek. louo. App-186 . Note the distinction between washing the whole body, and washing only a part of it. Compare 1 Corinthians 6:11 .
clean . Greek. katharos. Occurs twenty-seven times, translated ten times "clean", sixteen "pure", and once "clear "(Revelation 21:18 ) = free from impurity or dross. Used here of the eleven (Compare John 15:8 ), but not of Judas into whose heart Satan had "cast "the impure thought of John 13:2 .
11.
For he knew who should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not all clean.
should betray Him = the one who is betraying Him.
therefore = on account of (Greek. dia. App-104 .)
12.
So after he had washed their feet, and had taken his garments, and was set down again, he said unto them, Know ye what I have done to you?
So after = When therefore.
what = what [it is].
13.
Ye call me Master and Lord: and ye say well; for so I am.
call Me = address Me as. Greek. phoneo, always used of calling with the voice (phone). Compare John 11:28 ; John 12:17 ; and compare kaleo, Luke 6:46 ; Luke 15:19 .
Master (Greek. didaskalos) = Teacher. See App-98 and compare Matthew 26:25 , Matthew 26:49 .
Lord . App-98 .
ye say well. Would that Christians today would treat Him with the same respect which He here commends, instead of calling Him by the name of His humiliation, Jesus, by which He was never addressed by disciples, only by demons (Matthew 8:29 . Mark 1:24 ; Mark 5:6 . Luke 8:28 ) and those who only knew Him as a prophet (Mark 10:47 . Luke 18:38 ). The Holy Spirit uses "Jesus" in the Gospel narratives.
14.
If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another's feet.
If then = Therefore if ( App-118 . a) L
your = the.
ought , &c. By Figure of speech Synecdoche ( App-6 ) the act of feet-washing is put for the whole circle of offices of self-denying love. Literal feet-washing was not known before the fourth cent. A.D.
15.
For I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you.
example . Greek. hupodeigma. Occurs Hebrews 4:11 ; Hebrews 8:5 ; Hebrews 9:23 , &c.
16.
Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him.
Verily, verily . The eighteenth occurance of this solemn expression. See John 1:51 . Three more occurances in this chapter: John 13:20 , John 13:21 , John 13:38 .
servant = bond-servant. Greek. doulos. Once applied to the Lord (Philippians 1:2 , Philippians 1:7 ). Frequent in Paul's epistles. lord. 'Greek. kurios. App-98 .
neither . Greek. oude.
he that is sent = an apostle. Greek apostolos. Occurs 81 times, always translated "apostle", except here, 2 Corinthians 8:23 , and Philippians 2:25 .
sent . Greek. pempo. App-174 .
17.
If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them.
18.
I speak not of you all: I know whom I have chosen: but that the scripture may be fulfilled, He that eateth bread with me hath lifted up his heel against me.
of =
concerning. Greek peri. App-104 .
He that, &c. Quoted from Psalms 41:9 .
bread . Greek. the bread, i.e. My bread. In a pastoral letter of an Egyptian bishop about 600 A. n. on a Coptic ostracon this verse is quoted from the Septuagint, "He that eateth My bread", &c. (Deissmann, Light from the Ancient East, p. 216).
against . Greek. epi. App-104 .
19.
Now I tell you before it come, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe that I am he.
Now = From now. Greek. ap ' ( App-104 .) anti. Compare John 14:7 and Matthew 26:29 .
believe . App-150 .
I am . Omit "He", and Compare John 8:28 , John 8:58 ; John 18:5-6 .
20.
Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that receiveth whomsoever I send receiveth me; and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me.
21.
When Jesus had thus said, he was troubled in spirit, and testified, and said, Verily, verily, I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me.
troubled . See John 11:33 .
Spirit . App-101 .
of = out of. Greek. ek. App-104 .
22.
Then the disciples looked one on another, doubting of whom he spake.
looked . Greek. blepo. App-133 .
on = towards. Greek. eis. App-104 .
splice = is speaking.
23.
Now there was leaning on Jesus' bosom one of his disciples, whom Jesus loved.
leaning = reclining. Greek. anakeimai, generally translated "sat at meat"; Compare John 13:28 . Reclining on the divan, his head towards the Lord's bosom, John was in the favoured position, on the Lord's right hand, Judas being on His left.
on = in (Greek. en, as in John 13:1 ).
bosom. Greek. kolpos. Compare the other five occurnces: John 1:18 . Luke 6:38 ; Luke 16:22 , Luke 16:23 .Acts 27:39 (creek).
24.
Simon Peter therefore beckoned to him, that he should ask who it should be of whom he spake.
beckoned = signed or nodded. Greek neuo. Only here and Acts 24:10 . that he should ask who it should be. L T Tr. A H R read, "and saith to him,`Say who it is '".
25.
He then lying on Jesus' breast saith unto him, Lord, who is it?
lying = lying back. Not the same word as "leaning" in John 13:23 . Peter was beyond Judas, and leaning back signed to John behind the Lord.
on . Greek. epi. App-104 .
breast . Greek. stethos. Not the same word as "bosom" in John 13:23 . Occurs only here; John 21:20 . Luke 18:13 ; Luke 23:48 . Revelation 15:6 .
26.
Jesus answered, He it is, to whom I shall give a sop, when I have dipped it. And when he had dipped the sop, he gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon.
sop . Greek. psomion, a morsel. Only occurances here and verses: John 13:27 , John 13:30 . It was a mark of honour for the host to give a portion to one of the guests. The Lord had appealed to the conscience of Judas in John 13:21 , now He appeals to his heart.
27.
And after the sop Satan entered into him. Then said Jesus unto him, That thou doest, do quickly.
after . Greek. meta. App-104 .
Satan . The only occurance of this title in John. Before this clause in the Greek is the word tote, then, marking the point of time; it is strangely ignored in the Authorized Version It is significant that the rejection of the Lord's last appeal hardened Judas, so that his heart became open to the entrance of Satan. Up to this moment Judas had been possessed by the evil thought, now he is obsessed by the evil one.
Then = Therefore. The Lord knew what had taken place, and that further appeal was useless. He dismisses him to the work he is set upon. See the terrible words in Psalms 41:6 , "His heart gathereth iniquity to itself; he goeth abroad, he telleth", exactly what Judas did.
28.
Now no man at the table knew for what intent he spake this unto him.
no man at the table = no one (Greek. oudeis) of those reclining (Greek. anakeimai). See John 13:23 .
for what intent = with a view to (Greek. pros. App-104 .) what.
spake this unto him = spake to him.
29.
For some of them thought, because Judas had the bag, that Jesus had said unto him, Buy those things that we have need of against the feast; or, that he should give something to the poor.
thought = were thinking.
bag . See note on John 12:6 .
had said = saith.
against = for. Greek. eis. App-104 .
the feast : i.e. the feast beginning at the close of Passover, when the high day, 15th of Nisan, began ( App-156 ).
poor . Greek. ptochos. See 12. s and App-127 .
30.
He then having received the sop went immediately out: and it was night.
he = That One. Greek. ekeinos, emphatic. immediately. Greek eutheos, a very common word in Mark's Gospel. Occurance in John only here, John 5:9 ; John 6:21 and John 18:27 . L T Tr. A WI R read euthus, as in John 13:32 .
night : i.e. about the third hour of the night, 9pm, Tuesday night. See App-165 .
31.
Therefore, when he was gone out, Jesus said, Now is the Son of man glorified, and God is glorified in him.
Therefore, when = When therefore.
he was gone out = he went out.
Now . Greek. nun. See John 12:27 .
the Son of man . App-98 .
glorified. A characteristic word in this Gospel. See John 11:4 ; John 12:16 , John 12:23 , John 12:28 ; John 17:1 , &c.
32.
If God be glorified in him, God shall also glorify him in himself, and shall straightway glorify him.
If. App-118 . [L Tr. A) WH R omit the conditional clause.
straightway . Greek. euthus. See note on John 13:30 .
33.
Little children, yet a little while I am with you. Ye shall seek me: and as I said unto the Jews, Whither I go, ye cannot come; so now I say to you.
Little children . Greek teknion. App-108 . Only occurance here, Galatians 1:4 , Galatians 1:19 (where the reading is doubtful), and in John's first Epistle.
a little while. Compare John 7:33 , John 7:34 ; John 14:19 ; John 16:16-19 .
as = even as.
the Jews . The Lord uses this expression only here, John 4:22 ; John 18:20 ; John 18:36 .
cannot come = are not (Greek. ou. App-105 ) able to come. The third time He said these words. Compare John 7:34 ; John 8:21 .
34.
A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another.
new. Greek. kainos. See note on Matthew 9:17 .
35.
By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another.
By = In. Greek. en. App-104 .
love . Greek agape. App-135 .
one to another = among (Greek. en) yourselves. Compare the only other place in the Gospels where en allelois occurs (Mark 9:50 ).
36.
Simon Peter said unto him, Lord, whither goest thou? Jesus answered him, Whither I go, thou canst not follow me now; but thou shalt follow me afterwards.
Me. All the texts omit.
37.
Peter said unto him, Lord, why cannot I follow thee now? I will lay down my life for thy sake.
now = just now. Greek. arti.
lay down , &c. Compare John 10:11 , John 10:15 ; John 15:13 . 1 John 3:16 .
life . Greek. psuche. App-110 .
for Thy sake = on behalf of (Greek. huper. App-104 .) Thee.
38.
Jesus answered him, Wilt thou lay down thy life for my sake? Verily, verily, I say unto thee, The cock shall not crow, till thou hast denied me thrice.
answered him . All the texts read, "answereth". The = A.
not = by no means. Greek. ou me. App-105 .
crow. Greek. phoneo. Same word as in John 13:13 .
denied = utterly denied (Greek. aparneumai), always of denying a person, as in Mat 26:84 , Matthew 26:35 , Matthew 26:75 .Mark 14:30 , Mark 14:31 , Mark 14:72 .Luke 22:34 Luke 22:61 ; but L T Tr. A WH R read arneomai, the milder
form , without the intensive prefix.