Then came together unto him the Pharisees, and certain of the scribes, which came from Jerusalem.
Then came together unto him the Pharisees, and certain of the scribes, which came from Jerusalem.
And when they saw some of his disciples eat bread with defiled, that is to say, with unwashen, hands, they found fault.
For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands oft, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders.
And when they come from the market, except they wash, they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have received to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots, brasen vessels, and of tables.
Then the Pharisees and scribes asked him, Why walk not thy disciples according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashen hands?
He answered and said unto them, Well hath Esaias prophesied of you hypocrites, as it is written, This people honoureth me with their lips, but their heart is far from me.
Howbeit in vain do they worship me, teaching for doctines the commandments of men.
For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold the tradition of men, as the washing of pots and cups: and many other such like things ye do.
And he said unto them, Full well ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your own tradition.
For Moses said, Honour thy father and thy mother; and, Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death:
But ye say, If a man shall say to his father or mother, It is Corban, that is to say, a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me; he shall be free.
And ye suffer him no more to do ought for his father or his mother;
Making the word of God of none effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered: and many such like things do ye.
And when he had called all the people unto him, he said unto them, Hearken unto me every one of you, and understand:
There is nothing from without a man, that entering into him can defile him: but the things which come out of him, those are they that defile the man.
If any man have ears to hear, let him hear.
And when he was entered into the house from the people, his disciples asked him concerning the parable.
And he saith unto them, Are ye so without understanding also? Do ye not perceive, that whatsoever thing from without entereth into the man, it cannot defile him;
Because it entereth not into his heart, but into the belly, and goeth out into the draught, purging all meats?
And he said, That which cometh out of the man, that defileth the man.
For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders,
Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness:
All these evil things come from within, and defile the man.
And from thence he arose, and went into the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and entered into an house, and would have no man know it: but he could not be hid.
24. And from thence he arose, and
went into the borders—or "unto the borders."
of Tyre and Sidon—the
two great Phoelignician seaports, but here denoting the territory
generally, to the frontiers of which Jesus now came. But did Jesus
actually enter this heathen territory? The whole narrative, we think,
proceeds upon the supposition that He did. His immediate object seems
to have been to avoid the wrath of the Pharisees at the withering
exposure He had just made of their traditional religion.
and entered into an house,
and would have no man know it—because He had not come there to
minister to heathens. But though not "sent but to the
lost sheep of the house of Israel" (), He hindered not the lost sheep of the vast Gentile world
from coming to Him, nor put them away when they did come—as this
incident was designed to show.
but he could not be
hid—Christ's fame had early spread from Galilee to this very
region (Mark 3:8; Luke 6:17).
For a certain woman, whose young daughter had an unclean spirit, heard of him, and came and fell at his feet:
25. For a certain woman, whose young
daughter had an unclean spirit—or, as in Matthew (), "was badly demonized."
heard of him—One
wonders how; but distress is quick of hearing.
and fell at his feet:
The woman was a Greek, a Syrophenician by nation; and she besought him that he would cast forth the devil out of her daughter.
26. The woman was a Greek—that
is, "a Gentile," as in the Margin.
a Syrophoelignician by
nation—so called as inhabiting the Phoelignician tract of
Syria. JUVENAL uses the
same term, as was remarked by JUSTIN
MARTYR and TERTULLIAN.
Matthew (Matthew 15:22) calls her
"a woman of Canaan"—a more intelligible description to
his Jewish readers (compare Judges 1:30;
Judges 1:32; Judges 1:33).
and she
besought him that he would cast forth the devil out of her
daughter—"She cried unto Him, saying, Have mercy on me, O
Lord, Son of David: my daughter is grievously vexed with a devil"
(Matthew 15:22). Thus, though no
Israelite herself, she salutes Him as Israel's promised Messiah. Here
we must go to Matthew 15:23-25
for some important links in the dialogue omitted by our Evangelist.
Matthew 15:23-40:
But
he answered her not a word —The
design of this was first, perhaps, to show that He was not sent
to such as she. He had said expressly to the Twelve, "Go not
into the way of the Gentiles" (Matthew 15:23-40); and being now among them Himself, He would, for
consistency's sake, let it be seen that He had not gone thither for
missionary
purposes. Therefore He not only kept silence, but had actually left
the house, and—as will presently appear—was proceeding on His way
back, when this woman accosted Him. But another reason for keeping
silence plainly was to try and whet her faith, patience, and
perseverance. And it had the desired effect: "She cried
after them," which shows that He
was already on His way from the place.
And
His disciples came and besought Him, saying, Send her away; for
she crieth after us —They thought her
troublesome with her importunate cries, just as they did the people
who brought young children to be blessed of Him, and they ask their
Lord to "send her away," that is, to grant her request and
be rid of her; for we gather from His reply that they meant to
solicit favor for her, though not for her sake so much as their own.
Matthew 15:23-40:
But
He answered and said, I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of
the house of Israel —a speech evidently
intended for the disciples themselves, to satisfy them that, though
the grace He was about to show to this Gentile believer was beyond
His strict commission, He had not gone spontaneously to
dispense it. Yet did even this speech open a gleam of hope, could she
have discerned it. For thus might she have spoken: "I am not
SENT, did He say? Truth,
Lord, Thou comest not hither in quest of us, but I come in
quest of Thee; and must I go empty away? So did not the woman
of Samaria, whom when Thou foundest her on Thy way to Galilee, Thou
sentest away to make many rich!" But this our poor
Syrophoelignician could not attain to. What, then, can she answer to
such a speech? Nothing. She has reached her lowest depth, her darkest
moment: she will just utter her last cry:
Matthew 15:23-40:
Then
came she and worshipped Him, saying, Lord, help me! —This
appeal, so artless, wrung from the depths of a believing heart, and
reminding us of the publican's "God be merciful to me a sinner,"
moved the Redeemer at last to break silence—but in what style? Here
we return to our own Evangelist.
But Jesus said unto her, Let the children first be filled: for it is not meet to take the children's bread, and to cast it unto the dogs.
27. But Jesus said unto her, Let the
children first be filled—"Is there hope for me here?"
"Filled FIRST?"
"Then my turn, it seems, is coming!—but then, 'The
CHILDREN first?' Ah! when,
on that rule, shall my turn ever come!" But ere she has time for
these ponderings of His word, another word comes to supplement it.
for it is not meet to take
the children's bread, and to cast it unto the dogs—Is this the
death of her hopes? Nay, rather it is life from the dead. Out of the
eater shall come forth meat (). "At evening-time, it shall be light" (). "Ah! I have it now. Had He kept silence, what could I
have done but go unblest? but He hath spoken, and the victory is
mine."
And she answered and said unto him, Yes, Lord: yet the dogs under the table eat of the children's crumbs.
28. And she answered and said unto
him, Yes, Lord—or, as the same word is rendered in . "Truth, Lord."
yet the dogs eat of the
children's crumbs—"which fall from their master's table"
(Matthew 15:27). "I thank
Thee, O blessed One, for that word! That's my whole case. Not of the
children? True. A dog? True also: Yet the dogs under the table
are allowed to eat of the children's crumbs—the droppings from
their master's full table: Give me that, and I am content: One crumb
of power and grace from Thy table shall cast the devil out of my
daughter." Oh, what lightning quickness, what reach of
instinctive ingenuity, do we behold in this heathen woman!
And he said unto her, For this saying go thy way; the devil is gone out of thy daughter.
29. And he said unto her—"O
woman, great is thy faith" (). As BENGEL
beautifully remarks, Jesus "marvelled" only at two
things—faith and unbelief (see ).
For this saying go thy way;
the devil is gone out of thy daughter—That moment the deed was
done.
And when she was come to her house, she found the devil gone out, and her daughter laid upon the bed.
30. And when she was come to her
house, she found the devil gone out, and her daughter laid upon the
bed—But Matthew (Matthew 15:28)
is more specific; "And her daughter was made whole from that
very hour." The wonderfulness of this case in all its features
has been felt in every age of the Church, and the balm it has
administered, and will yet administer, to millions will be known only
in that day that shall reveal the secrets of all hearts.
Deaf and Dumb Man Healed
(Mark 7:31-37).
And again, departing from the coasts of Tyre and Sidon, he came unto the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the coasts of Decapolis.
31. And again, departing from the
coasts of Tyre and Sidon, he came unto the Sea of Galilee—or,
according to what has very strong claims to be regarded as the true
text here, "And again, departing from the coasts of Tyre, He
came through Sidon to the Sea of Galilee." The manuscripts in
favor of this reading, though not the most numerous, are weighty,
while the versions agreeing with it are among the most ancient; and
all the best critical editors and commentators adopt it. In this case
we must understand that our Lord, having once gone out of the Holy
Land the length of Tyre, proceeded as far north as Sidon, though
without ministering, so far as appears, in those parts, and then bent
His steps in a southeasterly direction. There is certainly a
difficulty in the supposition of so long a detour without any
missionary object: and some may think this sufficient to cast the
balance in favor of the received reading. Be this as it may, on
returning from these coasts of Tyre, He passed
through the midst of the
coasts—frontiers.
of Decapolis—crossing
the Jordan, therefore, and approaching the lake on its east side.
Here Matthew, who omits the details of the cure of this deaf and dumb
man, introduces some particulars, from which we learn that it was
only one of a great number. "And Jesus," says that
Evangelist (Matthew 15:29-31),
"departed from thence, and came nigh unto the Sea of Galilee,
and went up into a mountain"—the mountain range bounding the
lake on the northeast, in Decapolis: "And great multitudes came
unto Him, having with them lame, blind, dumb, maimed"—not
"mutilated," which is but a secondary sense of the word,
but "deformed"—"and many others, and cast them down
at Jesus' feet; and He healed them: insomuch that the multitude
[multitudes] wondered, when they saw the dumb to speak, the maimed to
be whole, the lame to walk, and the blind to see; and they glorified
the God of Israel"—who after so long and dreary an absence of
visible manifestation, had returned to bless His people as of old
(compare Luke 7:16). Beyond this
it is not clear from the Evangelist's language that the people saw
into the claims of Jesus. Well, of these cases Mark here singles out
one, whose cure had something peculiar in it.
And they bring unto him one that was deaf, and had an impediment in his speech; and they beseech him to put his hand upon him.
32. And they bring unto him one that
was deaf . . . and they beseech him to put his hand upon him—In
their eagerness they appear to have been somewhat too officious.
Though usually doing as here suggested, He will deal with this case
in His own way.
And he took him aside from the multitude, and put his fingers into his ears, and he spit, and touched his tongue;
33. And he took him aside from the
multitude—As in another case He "took the blind man by the
hand and led him out of the town" (), probably to fix his undistracted attention on Himself,
and, by means of certain actions He was about to do, to awaken and
direct his attention to the proper source of relief.
and put his fingers into his
ears—As his indistinct articulation arose from his deafness,
our Lord addresses Himself to this first. To the impotent man He
said, "Wilt thou be made whole?" to the blind men, "What
will ye that I shall do unto you?" and "Believe ye that I
am able to do this?" (John 5:6;
Matthew 20:32; Matthew 9:28).
But as this patient could hear nothing, our Lord substitutes
symbolical actions upon each of the organs affected.
and he spit and touched his
tongue—moistening the man's parched tongue with saliva from His
own mouth, as if to lubricate the organ or facilitate its free
motion; thus indicating the source of the healing virtue to be His
own person. (For similar actions, see Mark 8:23;
John 9:6).
And looking up to heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened.
34. And looking up to heaven—ever
acknowledging His Father, even while the healing was seen to flow
from Himself (see on ).
he sighed—"over
the wreck," says TRENCH,
"which sin had brought about, and the malice of the devil in
deforming the fair features of God's original creation." But, we
take it, there was a yet more painful impression of that "evil
thing and bitter" whence all our ills have sprung, and which,
when "Himself took our infirmities and bare our sicknesses"
(Matthew 8:17), became mysteriously
His own.
"In thought of
these his brows benign,
Not even in healing,
cloudless shine."
KEBLE
and saith unto him,
Ephphatha, that is, Be opened—Our Evangelist, as remarked on Matthew 8:17, loves to give such wonderful words just as they were
spoken.
And straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain.
35. And straightway his ears were
opened—This is mentioned first as the source of the other
derangement.
and the string of his tongue
was loosed, and he spake plain—The cure was thus alike
instantaneous and perfect.
And he charged them that they should tell no man: but the more he charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it;
36. And he charged them that they
should tell no man—Into this very region He had sent the man
out of whom had been cast the legion of devils, to proclaim "what
the Lord had done for him" (). Now He will have them "tell no man." But in the
former case there was no danger of obstructing His ministry by
"blazing the matter" (), as He Himself had left the region; whereas now He was
sojourning in it.
but the more
he charged them, so much the more a great deal they published it—They
could not be restrained; nay, the prohibition seemed only to whet
their determination to publish His fame.
And were beyond measure astonished, saying, He hath done all things well: he maketh both the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak.
37. And were beyond measure
astonished, saying, He hath done all things well—reminding us,
says TRENCH, of the words
of the first creation (Genesis 1:31,
Septuagint), upon which we are thus not unsuitably thrown
back, for Christ's work is in the truest sense "a new creation,"
he maketh both the deaf to
hear and the dumb to speak—"and they glorified the God of
Israel" (Matthew 15:31). See
on Mark 7:31.