1.
And it came to pass, as he went into the house of one of the chief Pharisees to eat bread on the sabbath day, that they watched him.
it came to pass . A Hebraism. See on Luke 2:1 .
as He went = in (Greek. en App-104 .) His going. into. Greek. eis. App-104 .
chief Pharisees = rulers of the Pharisees ( App-120 ).
bread . Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Part) for any kind of food.
the sabbath day = a certain Sabbath.
watched = were engaged in watching.
2.
And, behold, there was a certain man before him which had the dropsy.
behold . Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6 .
man ( App-123 .1) . . . which had the dropsy = dropsical (a medical term). Occurs only here.
before Him. Not one of the guests.
3.
And Jesus answering spake unto the lawyers and Pharisees, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath day?
Jesus . App-98 .
unto . Greek. pros. App-104 .
lawyers = doctors of the law.
4.
And they held their peace. And he took him, and healed him, and let him go;
took = took bold of. Compare Luke 20:20 . 1 Timothy 6:12 .
5.
And answered them, saying, Which of you shall have an ass or an ox fallen into a pit, and will not straightway pull him out on the sabbath day?
answered them = answering unto (Greek. pros; as in Luke 14:3 ) them.
an ass . All the texts read huios = a son, instead of onos = an ass, which latter has no MS. authority. In O.T. always ox and ass. Compare Exodus 23:12 .
not. Greek. ou. App-105 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 8:12 , Luke 8:28 , Luke 8:29 ,
straightway = immediately.
pull . . . out = draw. . . up. The Greek word occurs only here and Acts 11:10 .
6.
And they could not answer him again to these things.
answer again = reply.
to = as
to . Greek pros. App-101 .
7.
And he put forth a parable to those which were bidden, when he marked how they chose out the chief rooms; saying unto them,
to. Greek. pros. App-104 . Not the same word as in Luke 14:8 .
bidden = invited or called. Greek. kaleo
chose out = were picking out. Going on before His eyes.
chief rooms = first couches. Greek protoklisia. Same as "highest room", Luke 14:8 . Compare Luke 20:46 . Matthew 23:6 .
8.
When thou art bidden of any man to a wedding, sit not down in the highest room; lest a more honourable man than thou be bidden of him;
of = by. Greek hupo. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 14:28 , Luke 14:33 .
to. Greek. eis. App-104 .
a wedding = wedding feast.
sit = recline.
not. Greek me. App-105 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 14:5 , Luke 14:6 , Luke 14:14 , Luke 5:20 , Luke 5:26 , Luke 5:27 , Luke 5:28 , Luke 5:30 .
in . Greek. eis. App-104 .
9.
And he that bade thee and him come and say to thee, Give this man place; and thou begin with shame to take the lowest room.
place. Greek. topes.
begin. Compare Proverbs 25:6 , Proverbs 25:7 .
with . Greek. meta. App-104 .
to take = to take (and keep in it).
lowest = last. Greek eschatos room = place, as above. Compare Luke 14:22 with Luke 2:7 .
10.
But when thou art bidden, go and sit down in the lowest room; that when he that bade thee cometh, he may say unto thee, Friend, go up higher: then shalt thou have worship in the presence of them that sit at meat with thee.
Friend . Greek. philos, Noun of phileo. App-135 .
go up = go up, forward.
Occurs only here.
worship = honour. Greek. doxa = glory.
at meat = at table.
11.
For whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted.
For, &c. This is repeatedon two other occasions. Compare Luke 18:14 and Matthew 23:12 .
abased = humbled.
12.
Then said he also to him that bade him, When thou makest a dinner or a supper, call not thy friends, nor thy brethren, neither thy kinsmen, nor thy rich neighbours; lest they also bid thee again, and a recompence be made thee.
also to him = to him also. The host.
dinner . . . supper. See note on Matthew 22:4 .
call. Greek. phoneo. Compare 19. 15.
nor. Figure of speech Paradiastole ( App-6 ), for emphasis.
neither . . . nor. Greek mede, compound of me. App-105 .
bid . . . again. Greek. antikaleo. Occurs only here.
be made thee = take place, when such an one asks for gifts, not friends.
13.
But when thou makest a feast, call the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind:
feast, or reception . Occurs only here and in Luke 5:29 .
call. Same word as bid, Luke 14:7 .
the poor. Note the Figure of speech Asyndeton ( App-6 ), not emphasizing the particular classes, but hastening us on to the climax in Luke 14:14 . Note the opposite Figure in Luke 14:21 .
maimed = crippled. Only here, and Luke 14:21 .
14.
And thou shalt be blessed; for they cannot recompense thee: for thou shalt be recompensed at the resurrection of the just.
And thou shalt be blessed . This is the climax.
blessed = happy, Figure of speech Beatitudo, not Benedictio.
cannot = have not [wherewith to]. App-105 .
at = in. Greek. en. App-104 .
resurrection. App-178 .
15.
And when one of them that sat at meat with him heard these things, he said unto him, Blessed is he that shall eat bread in the kingdom of God.
in. Greek. en. App-104 .
the kingdom of God . See App-114 .
16.
Then said he unto him, A certain man made a great supper, and bade many:
made. T Tr. A Val and R read "was making". This parable is in Luke only. For the interpretation, see App-140 .:17 sent. According to custom.
17.
And sent his servant at supper time to say to them that were bidden, Come; for all things are now ready.
servant = bondman.
18.
And they all with one consent began to make excuse. The first said unto him, I have bought a piece of ground, and I must needs go and see it: I pray thee have me excused.
with one consent = from (Greek. apo. App-104 . iv) one [mind],
make excuse . beg off.
a piece of ground = a field.
must needs = have need to.
go = go out (i.e. from the city). Greek. exerchomai, as in verses: Luke 14:21 , Luke 14:23 .
and see = to see. App-133 .
I pray. App-134 .
have = consider me.
19.
And another said, I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove them: I pray thee have me excused.
another . App-124 .
go = go forth.
prove = try.
have = hold.
20.
And another said, I have married a wife, and therefore I cannot come.
therefore = on account of (Greek. dia) this.
cannot = am not (Greek. ou. App-105 ) able to.
21.
So that servant came, and shewed his lord these things. Then the master of the house being angry said to his servant, Go out quickly into the streets and lanes of the city, and bring in hither the poor, and the maimed, and the halt, and the blind.
shewed = reported to.
lord . App-98 .
the master of the house . App-98 . Note these different titles, appropriate to each case, and see App-140 .
the city. Jerusalem. See App-140 .
the poor . Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton ( App-6 ) in this verse, emphasizing each class (with no climax at the end). The opposite of the Figure of speech in verses: Luke 14:13 , Luke 14:14 .
and. This is the Figure.
halt = lame. The same word as "lame" in Luke 14:13 .
22.
And the servant said, Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is room.
Lord. App-98 . B. Note the various titles throughout.
hast commanded = didst command,
yet = still.
23.
And the lord said unto the servant, Go out into the highways and hedges, and compel them to come in, that my house may be filled.
compel = constrain. See all the nine occur here: Matthew 14:22 .Mark 6:45 .Acts 26:11 ; Act 28:19 . 2 Corinthians 12:11 .Galatians 1:2 , Galatians 1:3 , Galatians 1:14 ; Galatians 6:12 . Compulsion necessary, because the "will" is a fallen "will", and therefore no stronger than that of our first parents when unfallen. See Psalms 14:2 , Psalms 14:3 ; Psalms 53:2 , 3 John 1:5; 3 John 1:5 :40 . Romans 3:10-18 . Man's fallen will has never been used for God, without the compulsion of Philippians 2:13 .
may be filled . Used of loading a ship.
24.
For I say unto you, That none of those men which were bidden shall taste of my supper.
none = not (Greek. ou. App-105 ) one.
men . App-123 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 14:2 , Luke 14:16 , Luke 14:30 .
25.
And there went great multitudes with him: and he turned, and said unto them,
26.
If any man come to me, and hate not his father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple.
If any . The case being assumed. App-118 .
hate not. See Matthew 10:37 .
life = soul. See App-110 .
27.
And whosoever doth not bear his cross, and come after me, cannot be my disciple.
his = his own.
28.
For which of you, intending to build a tower, sitteth not down first, and counteth the cost, whether he have sufficient to finish it?
of = out of. Greek. ek. App-104 . Not the same word as in Luke 14:8 .
intending = desiring. See App-102 .
not. App-105 .
counteth = reckoneth, or calculateth. Greek psephizo. Occurs only here and in Revelation 13:18 in N.T. It is from psephos = a pebble, with which calculations were made, or votes given. Occurs only in Acts 26:10 . Revelation 2:17
cost . Greek. dapane. Occurs only here.
whether. Same as "if" in Luke 14:26 .
sufficient to finish it = the [means] for (Greek. pros. App-104 ., but the texts read eis) [its] completion. Greek. apartismos. Occurs only here.
29.
Lest haply, after he hath laid the foundation, and is not able to finish it, all that behold it begin to mock him,
the foundation = its foundation.
able = strong enough.
finish it finish it off . Greek. ekteleo. Only here and Luke 14:30 .
behold . Greek. theoreo. App-133 .
begin . As they see him nearing the end of his resources.
30.
Saying, This man began to build, and was not able to finish.
Saying, &c. = Saying that this man, &c. See note on Luke 4:21 ; Luke 19:9 . Mark 14:30 , &c.
31.
Or what king, going to make war against another king, sitteth not down first, and consulteth whether he be able with ten thousand to meet him that cometh against him with twenty thousand?
to make war = to encounter for (Greek. eis. App-104 .) war.
with = in [the midst of]. Greek en. App-104 .
to meet . Greek. apantao, as in Matthew 28:9 .
against. Greek. epi. App-104 .
32.
Or else, while the other is yet a great way off, he sendeth an ambassage, and desireth conditions of peace.
Greek.else = If not.
ambassage = embassy. Only here and Luke 19:14 .
desireth = asketh, or seeketh. App-134 .
conditions = the [terms].
of = for. Greek. pros. App-104 .
33.
So likewise, whosoever he be of you that forsaketh not all that he hath, he cannot be my disciple.
forsaketh = taketh leave of.
he hath = himself possesses.
34.
Salt is good: but if the salt have lost his savour, wherewith shall it be seasoned?
Salt , &c. See note on Matthew 5:13 .
if , &c. A contingent assumption. App-118 .
lost his savour = become tasteless. Compare Matthew 5:13 .
wherewith = with (Greek. en App-104 .) what.
seasoned . Only here, Mark 9:50 . Colossians 4:6 .
35.
It is neither fit for the land, nor yet for the dunghill; but men cast it out. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.
for. Greek. eis. App-104 . land. App-129 .
the dunghill = manure.
out = without
He that hath, &c. See App-142 .