1.
And this is the blessing, wherewith Moses the man of God blessed the children of Israel before his death.
1. Moses the man of God—This
was a common designation of a prophet (1 Samuel 2:27;
1 Samuel 9:6), and it is here applied
to Moses, when, like Jacob, he was about to deliver ministerially
before his death, a prophetic benediction to Israel.
2.
And he said, The LORD came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir unto them; he shined forth from mount Paran, and he came with ten thousands of saints: from his right hand went a fiery law for them.
2-4. The Lord came—Under a
beautiful metaphor, borrowed from the dawn and progressive splendor
of the sun, the Majesty of God is sublimely described as a divine
light which appeared in Sinai and scattered its beams on all the
adjoining region in directing Israel's march to Canaan. In these
descriptions of a theophania, God is represented as coming
from the south, and the allusion is in general to the thunderings and
lightnings of Sinai; but other mountains in the same direction are
mentioned with it. The location of Seir was on the east of the Ghor;
mount Paran was either the chain on the west of the Ghor, or rather
the mountains on the southern border of the desert towards the
peninsula [ROBINSON].
(Compare Judges 5:4; Judges 5:5;
Psalms 68:7; Psalms 68:8;
Habakkuk 3:3).
ten thousands of
saints—rendered by some, "with the ten thousand of
Kadesh," or perhaps better still, "from Meribah"
[EWALD].
a fiery law—so called
both because of the thunder and lightning which accompanied its
promulgation (Exodus 19:16-18;
Deuteronomy 4:11), and the fierce,
unrelenting curse denounced against the violation of its precepts
(2 Corinthians 3:7-9).
Notwithstanding those awe-inspiring symbols of Majesty that were
displayed on Sinai, the law was really given in kindness and love (2 Corinthians 3:7-47), as a means of promoting both the temporal and eternal
welfare of the people. And it was "the inheritance of the
congregation of Jacob," not only from the hereditary obligation
under which that people were laid to observe it, but from its being
the grand distinction, the peculiar privilege of the nation.
3.
Yea, he loved the people; all his saints are in thy hand: and they sat down at thy feet; every one shall receive of thy words.
4.
Moses commanded us a law, even the inheritance of the congregation of Jacob.
5.
And he was king in Jeshurun, when the heads of the people and the tribes of Israel were gathered together.
6.
Let Reuben live, and not die; and let not his men be few.
6. Let Reuben live, and not
die—Although deprived of the honor and privileges of
primogeniture, he was still to hold rank as one of the tribes of
Israel. He was more numerous than several other tribes (Numbers 1:21;
Numbers 2:11). Yet gradually he sank
into a mere nomadic tribe, which had enough to do merely "to
live and not die." Many eminent biblical scholars, resting on
the most ancient and approved manuscripts of the Septuagint,
consider the latter clause as referring to Simeon; "and Simeon,
let his men be few," a reading of the text which is in harmony
with other statements of Scripture respecting this tribe (Numbers 25:6-14;
Numbers 1:23; Numbers 26:14;
Joshua 19:1).
7.
And this is the blessing of Judah: and he said, Hear, LORD, the voice of Judah, and bring him unto his people: let his hands be sufficient for him; and be thou an help to him from his enemies.
7. this is the blessing of Judah—Its
general purport points to the great power and independence of Judah,
as well as its taking the lead in all military expeditions.
8.
And of Levi he said, Let thy Thummim and thy Urim be with thy holy one, whom thou didst prove at Massah, and with whom thou didst strive at the waters of Meribah;
8-10. of Levi he said—The
burden of this blessing is the appointment of the Levites to the
dignified and sacred office of the priesthood (Leviticus 10:11;
Deuteronomy 22:8; Deuteronomy 17:8-11),
a reward for their zeal in supporting the cause of God, and their
unsparing severity in chastising even their nearest and dearest
relatives who had participated in the idolatry of the molten calf (Deuteronomy 17:8-5; compare Deuteronomy 17:8-5).
9.
Who said unto his father and to his mother, I have not seen him; neither did he acknowledge his brethren, nor knew his own children: for they have observed thy word, and kept thy covenant.
10.
They shall teach Jacob thy judgments, and Israel thy law: they shall put incense before thee, and whole burnt sacrifice upon thine altar.
11.
Bless, LORD, his substance, and accept the work of his hands: smite through the loins of them that rise against him, and of them that hate him, that they rise not again.
12.
And of Benjamin he said, The beloved of the LORD shall dwell in safety by him; and the LORD shall cover him all the day long, and he shall dwell between his shoulders.
12. of Benjamin he said—A
distinguishing favor was conferred on this tribe in having its
portion assigned near the temple of God.
between his shoulders—that
is, on his sides or borders. Mount Zion, on which stood the city of
Jerusalem, belonged to Judah; but Mount Moriah, the site of the
sacred edifice, lay in the confines of Benjamin.
13.
And of Joseph he said, Blessed of the LORD be his land, for the precious things of heaven, for the dew, and for the deep that coucheth beneath,
13-17. of Joseph he said—The
territory of this tribe, diversified by hill and dale, wood and
water, would be rich in all the productions—olives, grapes, figs,
&c., which are reared in a mountainous region, as well as in the
grain and herbs that grow in the level fields. "The firstling of
the bullock and the horns of the unicorn" (rhinoceros), indicate
glory and strength, and it is supposed that under these emblems were
shadowed forth the triumphs of Joshua and the new kingdom of
Jeroboam, both of whom were of Ephraim (compare ).
14.
And for the precious fruits brought forth by the sun, and for the precious things put forth by the moon,
15.
And for the chief things of the ancient mountains, and for the precious things of the lasting hills,
16.
And for the precious things of the earth and fulness thereof, and for the good will of him that dwelt in the bush: let the blessing come upon the head of Joseph, and upon the top of the head of him that was separated from his brethren.
17.
His glory is like the firstling of his bullock, and his horns are like the horns of unicorns: with them he shall push the people together to the ends of the earth: and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh.
18.
And of Zebulun he said, Rejoice, Zebulun, in thy going out; and, Issachar, in thy tents.
18, 19. Rejoice, Zebulun, in thy
going out—on commercial enterprises and voyages by sea.
and, Issachar in thy
tents—preferring to reside in their maritime towns.
19.
They shall call the people unto the mountain; there they shall offer sacrifices of righteousness: for they shall suck of the abundance of the seas, and of treasures hid in the sand.
19. shall suck of the abundance of
the seas, and of treasures hid in the sand—Both tribes should
traffic with the Phoelignicians in gold and silver, pearl and coral,
especially in murex, the shellfish that yielded the famous
Tyrian dye, and in glass, which was manufactured from the sand of the
river Belus, in their immediate neighborhood.
20.
And of Gad he said, Blessed be he that enlargeth Gad: he dwelleth as a lion, and teareth the arm with the crown of the head.
20, 21. of Gad he said—Its
possessions were larger than they would have been had they lain west
of Jordan; and this tribe had the honor of being settled by Moses
himself in the first portion of land conquered. In the forest region,
south of the Jabbok, "he dwelt as a lion" (compare Genesis 30:11;
Genesis 49:19). Notwithstanding, they
faithfully kept their engagement to join the "heads of the
people" [Deuteronomy 33:21] in the
invasion of Canaan.
21.
And he provided the first part for himself, because there, in a portion of the lawgiver, was he seated; and he came with the heads of the people, he executed the justice of the LORD, and his judgments with Israel.
22.
And of Dan he said, Dan is a lion's whelp: he shall leap from Bashan.
22. Dan is a lion's whelp—His
proper settlement in the south of Canaan being too small, he by a
sudden and successful irruption, established a colony in the northern
extremity of the land. This might well be described as the leap of a
young lion from the hills of Bashan.
23.
And of Naphtali he said, O Naphtali, satisfied with favour, and full with the blessing of the LORD: possess thou the west and the south.
23. of Naphtali he said—The
pleasant and fertile territory of this tribe lay to "the west,"
on the borders of lakes Merom and Chinnereth, and to "the south"
of the northern Danites.
24.
And of Asher he said, Let Asher be blessed with children; let him be acceptable to his brethren, and let him dip his foot in oil.
24, 25. of Asher he said—The
condition of this tribe is described as combining all the elements of
earthly felicity.
dip his foot in oil—These
words allude either to the process of extracting the oil by foot
presses, or to his district as particularly fertile and adapted to
the culture of the olive.
25.
Thy shoes shall be iron and brass; and as thy days, so shall thy strength be.
25. shoes of iron and brass—These
shoes suited his rocky coast from Carmel to Sidon. Country people as
well as ancient warriors had their lower extremities protected by
metallic greaves (1 Samuel 17:6;
Ephesians 6:15) and iron-soled shoes.
26.
There is none like unto the God of Jeshurun, who rideth upon the heaven in thy help, and in his excellency on the sky.
26-29. There is none like unto the
God of Jeshurun—The chapter concludes with a congratulatory
address to Israel on their peculiar happiness and privilege in having
Jehovah for their God and protector.
who rideth upon the heaven in
thy help—an evident allusion to the pillar of cloud and fire,
which was both the guide and shelter of Israel.
27.
The eternal God is thy refuge, and underneath are the everlasting arms: and he shall thrust out the enemy from before thee; and shall say, Destroy them.
28.
Israel then shall dwell in safety alone: the fountain of Jacob shall be upon a land of corn and wine; also his heavens shall drop down dew.
28. the fountain of Jacob—The
posterity of Israel shall dwell in a blessed and favored land.
29.
Happy art thou, O Israel: who is like unto thee, O people saved by the LORD, the shield of thy help, and who is the sword of thy excellency! and thine enemies shall be found liars unto thee; and thou shalt tread upon their high places.
26-29. There is none like unto the
God of Jeshurun—The chapter concludes with a congratulatory
address to Israel on their peculiar happiness and privilege in having
Jehovah for their God and protector.
who rideth upon the heaven in
thy help—an evident allusion to the pillar of cloud and fire,
which was both the guide and shelter of Israel.