CHAPTER 26
. SAUL COMES
TO THE HILL OF
HACHILAH AGAINST DAVID.
1, 2. the Ziphites came unto Saul to
Gibeah—This people seem to have thought it impossible for David
to escape, and therefore recommended themselves to Saul, by giving
him secret information (see on ). The knowledge of their treachery makes it appear strange
that David should return to his former haunt in their neighborhood;
but, perhaps he did it to be near Abigail's possessions, and under
the impression that Saul had become mollified. But the king had
relapsed into his old enmity. Though Gibeah, as its name imports,
stood on an elevated position, and the desert of Ziph, which was in
the hilly region of Judea, may have been higher than Gibeah, it was
still necessary to descend in leaving the latter place; thence Saul
(1 Samuel 26:2) "went down to
the wilderness of Ziph."
4, 5. David . . . sent out spies . .
. and David arose, and came to the place where Saul had
pitched—Having obtained certain information of the locality, he
seems, accompanied by his nephew (), to have hid himself, perhaps disguised, in a neighboring
wood, or hill, on the skirts of the royal camp towards night, and
waited to approach it under covert of the darkness.
. DAVID STAYS
ABISHAI FROM KILLING
SAUL, BUT TAKES
HIS SPEAR
AND CRUSE.
5. Saul lay in the trench, and the
people pitched round about him—Among the nomad people of the
East, the encampments are usually made in a circular form. The
circumference is lined by the baggage and the men, while the chief's
station is in the center, whether he occupy a tent or not. His spear,
stuck in the ground, indicates his position. Similar was the
disposition of Saul's camp—in this hasty expedition he seems to
have carried no tent, but to have slept on the ground. The whole
troop was sunk in sleep around him.
8-12. Then said Abishai to David,
God hath delivered thine enemy into thine hand—This midnight
stratagem shows the activity and heroic enterprise of David's mind,
and it was in unison with the style of warfare in ancient times.
let me smite him . . . even
to the earth at once—The ferocious vehemence of the speaker is
sufficiently apparent from his language, but David's magnanimity
soared far above the notions of his followers. Though Saul's cruelty
and perfidy and general want of right principle had sunk him to a low
pitch of degradation, yet that was no reason for David's imitating
him in doing wrong. Besides, he was the sovereign; David was a
subject. Though God had rejected him from the kingdom, it was in
every way the best and most dutiful course, instead of precipitating
his fall by imbruing their hands in his blood and thereby contracting
the guilt of a great crime, to wait the awards of that retributive
providence which sooner or later would take him off by some sudden
and mortal blow. He who, with impetuous haste was going to
exterminate Nabal, meekly spared Saul. But Nabal refused to give a
tribute to which justice and gratitude, no less than custom, entitled
David. Saul was under the judicial infatuation of heaven. Thus David
withheld the hand of Abishai; but, at the same time, he directed him
to carry off some things which would show where they had been, and
what they had done. Thus he obtained the best of victories over him,
by heaping coals of fire on his head.
11. the spear that is at his
bolster, and the cruse of water—The Oriental spear had, and
still has, a spike at the lower extremity, intended for the purpose
of sticking the spear into the ground when the warrior is at rest.
This common custom of Arab sheiks was also the practice of the Hebrew
chiefs.
at his bolster—literally,
"at his head"; perhaps, Saul as a sovereign had the
distinguished luxury of a bolster carried for him. A "cruse of
water" is usually, in warm climates, kept near a person's couch,
as a drink in the night time is found very refreshing. Saul's cruse
would probably be of superior materials, or more richly ornamented
than common ones, and therefore by its size or form be easily
distinguished.
8-12. Then said Abishai to David,
God hath delivered thine enemy into thine hand—This midnight
stratagem shows the activity and heroic enterprise of David's mind,
and it was in unison with the style of warfare in ancient times.
let me smite him . . . even
to the earth at once—The ferocious vehemence of the speaker is
sufficiently apparent from his language, but David's magnanimity
soared far above the notions of his followers. Though Saul's cruelty
and perfidy and general want of right principle had sunk him to a low
pitch of degradation, yet that was no reason for David's imitating
him in doing wrong. Besides, he was the sovereign; David was a
subject. Though God had rejected him from the kingdom, it was in
every way the best and most dutiful course, instead of precipitating
his fall by imbruing their hands in his blood and thereby contracting
the guilt of a great crime, to wait the awards of that retributive
providence which sooner or later would take him off by some sudden
and mortal blow. He who, with impetuous haste was going to
exterminate Nabal, meekly spared Saul. But Nabal refused to give a
tribute to which justice and gratitude, no less than custom, entitled
David. Saul was under the judicial infatuation of heaven. Thus David
withheld the hand of Abishai; but, at the same time, he directed him
to carry off some things which would show where they had been, and
what they had done. Thus he obtained the best of victories over him,
by heaping coals of fire on his head.
13-20. Then David . . . stood on the
top of an hill afar off . . . and cried to the people—(See on
). The extraordinary purity
and elasticity of the air in Palestine enable words to be distinctly
heard that are addressed by a speaker from the top of one hill to
people on that of another, from which it is separated by a deep
intervening ravine. Hostile parties can thus speak to each other,
while completely beyond the reach of each other's attack. It results
from the peculiar features of the country in many of the mountain
districts.
15. David said to Abner, Art not
thou a valiant man: . . . wherefore then hast thou not kept thy lord
the king?—The circumstance of David having penetrated to the
center of the encampment, through the circular rows of the sleeping
soldiers, constituted the point of this sarcastic taunt. This new
evidence of David's moderation and magnanimous forbearance, together
with his earnest and kindly expostulation, softened the obduracy of
Saul's heart.
13-20. Then David . . . stood on the
top of an hill afar off . . . and cried to the people—(See on
). The extraordinary purity
and elasticity of the air in Palestine enable words to be distinctly
heard that are addressed by a speaker from the top of one hill to
people on that of another, from which it is separated by a deep
intervening ravine. Hostile parties can thus speak to each other,
while completely beyond the reach of each other's attack. It results
from the peculiar features of the country in many of the mountain
districts.
19. If the Lord have stirred thee up
against me—By the evil spirit He had sent, or by any spiritual
offenses by which we have mutually displeased Him.
let him accept an
offering—that is, let us conjointly offer a sacrifice for
appeasing His wrath against us.
if they be the children of
men—The prudence, meekness, and address of David in ascribing
the king's enmity to the instigations of some malicious traducers,
and not to the jealousy of Saul himself, is worthy of notice.
saying, Go, serve other
gods—This was the drift of their conduct. By driving him from
the land and ordinances of the true worship, into foreign and heathen
countries, they were exposing him to all the seductions of idolatry.
20. as when one doth hunt a
partridge—People in the East, in hunting the partridge and
other game birds, pursue them, till observing them becoming languid
and fatigued after they have been put up two or three times, they
rush upon the birds stealthily and knock them down with bludgeons
[SHAW, Travels]. It
was exactly in this manner that Saul was pursuing David. He drove him
from time to time from his hiding-place, hoping to render him weary
of his life, or obtain an opportunity of accomplishing his
destruction.
25. So David went on his
way—Notwithstanding this sudden relenting of Saul, David placed
no confidence in his professions or promises, but wisely kept at a
distance and awaited the course of Providence.
CHAPTER 26
. SAUL COMES TO THE HILL OF HACHILAH AGAINST DAVID.
1, 2. the Ziphites came unto Saul to Gibeah—This people seem to have thought it impossible for David to escape, and therefore recommended themselves to Saul, by giving him secret information (see on ). The knowledge of their treachery makes it appear strange that David should return to his former haunt in their neighborhood; but, perhaps he did it to be near Abigail's possessions, and under the impression that Saul had become mollified. But the king had relapsed into his old enmity. Though Gibeah, as its name imports, stood on an elevated position, and the desert of Ziph, which was in the hilly region of Judea, may have been higher than Gibeah, it was still necessary to descend in leaving the latter place; thence Saul (1 Samuel 26:2) "went down to the wilderness of Ziph."
4, 5. David . . . sent out spies . . . and David arose, and came to the place where Saul had pitched—Having obtained certain information of the locality, he seems, accompanied by his nephew (), to have hid himself, perhaps disguised, in a neighboring wood, or hill, on the skirts of the royal camp towards night, and waited to approach it under covert of the darkness.
. DAVID STAYS ABISHAI FROM KILLING SAUL, BUT TAKES HIS SPEAR AND CRUSE.
5. Saul lay in the trench, and the people pitched round about him—Among the nomad people of the East, the encampments are usually made in a circular form. The circumference is lined by the baggage and the men, while the chief's station is in the center, whether he occupy a tent or not. His spear, stuck in the ground, indicates his position. Similar was the disposition of Saul's camp—in this hasty expedition he seems to have carried no tent, but to have slept on the ground. The whole troop was sunk in sleep around him.
8-12. Then said Abishai to David, God hath delivered thine enemy into thine hand—This midnight stratagem shows the activity and heroic enterprise of David's mind, and it was in unison with the style of warfare in ancient times.
let me smite him . . . even to the earth at once—The ferocious vehemence of the speaker is sufficiently apparent from his language, but David's magnanimity soared far above the notions of his followers. Though Saul's cruelty and perfidy and general want of right principle had sunk him to a low pitch of degradation, yet that was no reason for David's imitating him in doing wrong. Besides, he was the sovereign; David was a subject. Though God had rejected him from the kingdom, it was in every way the best and most dutiful course, instead of precipitating his fall by imbruing their hands in his blood and thereby contracting the guilt of a great crime, to wait the awards of that retributive providence which sooner or later would take him off by some sudden and mortal blow. He who, with impetuous haste was going to exterminate Nabal, meekly spared Saul. But Nabal refused to give a tribute to which justice and gratitude, no less than custom, entitled David. Saul was under the judicial infatuation of heaven. Thus David withheld the hand of Abishai; but, at the same time, he directed him to carry off some things which would show where they had been, and what they had done. Thus he obtained the best of victories over him, by heaping coals of fire on his head.
11. the spear that is at his bolster, and the cruse of water—The Oriental spear had, and still has, a spike at the lower extremity, intended for the purpose of sticking the spear into the ground when the warrior is at rest. This common custom of Arab sheiks was also the practice of the Hebrew chiefs.
at his bolster—literally, "at his head"; perhaps, Saul as a sovereign had the distinguished luxury of a bolster carried for him. A "cruse of water" is usually, in warm climates, kept near a person's couch, as a drink in the night time is found very refreshing. Saul's cruse would probably be of superior materials, or more richly ornamented than common ones, and therefore by its size or form be easily distinguished.
8-12. Then said Abishai to David, God hath delivered thine enemy into thine hand—This midnight stratagem shows the activity and heroic enterprise of David's mind, and it was in unison with the style of warfare in ancient times.
let me smite him . . . even to the earth at once—The ferocious vehemence of the speaker is sufficiently apparent from his language, but David's magnanimity soared far above the notions of his followers. Though Saul's cruelty and perfidy and general want of right principle had sunk him to a low pitch of degradation, yet that was no reason for David's imitating him in doing wrong. Besides, he was the sovereign; David was a subject. Though God had rejected him from the kingdom, it was in every way the best and most dutiful course, instead of precipitating his fall by imbruing their hands in his blood and thereby contracting the guilt of a great crime, to wait the awards of that retributive providence which sooner or later would take him off by some sudden and mortal blow. He who, with impetuous haste was going to exterminate Nabal, meekly spared Saul. But Nabal refused to give a tribute to which justice and gratitude, no less than custom, entitled David. Saul was under the judicial infatuation of heaven. Thus David withheld the hand of Abishai; but, at the same time, he directed him to carry off some things which would show where they had been, and what they had done. Thus he obtained the best of victories over him, by heaping coals of fire on his head.
13-20. Then David . . . stood on the top of an hill afar off . . . and cried to the people—(See on ). The extraordinary purity and elasticity of the air in Palestine enable words to be distinctly heard that are addressed by a speaker from the top of one hill to people on that of another, from which it is separated by a deep intervening ravine. Hostile parties can thus speak to each other, while completely beyond the reach of each other's attack. It results from the peculiar features of the country in many of the mountain districts.
15. David said to Abner, Art not thou a valiant man: . . . wherefore then hast thou not kept thy lord the king?—The circumstance of David having penetrated to the center of the encampment, through the circular rows of the sleeping soldiers, constituted the point of this sarcastic taunt. This new evidence of David's moderation and magnanimous forbearance, together with his earnest and kindly expostulation, softened the obduracy of Saul's heart.
13-20. Then David . . . stood on the top of an hill afar off . . . and cried to the people—(See on ). The extraordinary purity and elasticity of the air in Palestine enable words to be distinctly heard that are addressed by a speaker from the top of one hill to people on that of another, from which it is separated by a deep intervening ravine. Hostile parties can thus speak to each other, while completely beyond the reach of each other's attack. It results from the peculiar features of the country in many of the mountain districts.
19. If the Lord have stirred thee up against me—By the evil spirit He had sent, or by any spiritual offenses by which we have mutually displeased Him.
let him accept an offering—that is, let us conjointly offer a sacrifice for appeasing His wrath against us.
if they be the children of men—The prudence, meekness, and address of David in ascribing the king's enmity to the instigations of some malicious traducers, and not to the jealousy of Saul himself, is worthy of notice.
saying, Go, serve other gods—This was the drift of their conduct. By driving him from the land and ordinances of the true worship, into foreign and heathen countries, they were exposing him to all the seductions of idolatry.
20. as when one doth hunt a partridge—People in the East, in hunting the partridge and other game birds, pursue them, till observing them becoming languid and fatigued after they have been put up two or three times, they rush upon the birds stealthily and knock them down with bludgeons [SHAW, Travels]. It was exactly in this manner that Saul was pursuing David. He drove him from time to time from his hiding-place, hoping to render him weary of his life, or obtain an opportunity of accomplishing his destruction.
25. So David went on his way—Notwithstanding this sudden relenting of Saul, David placed no confidence in his professions or promises, but wisely kept at a distance and awaited the course of Providence.