PSALM 88

. Upon Mahalath—either an instrument, as a lute, to be used as an accompaniment (Leannoth, "for singing") or, as others think, an enigmatic title (see on , Psalms 88:2, and Psalms 88:2, titles), denoting the subject—that is, "sickness or disease, for humbling," the idea of spiritual maladies being often represented by disease (compare Psalms 6:5; Psalms 6:6; Psalms 22:14; Psalms 22:15, c.). On the other terms, see on Psalms 88:4 and Psalms 88:4. Heman and Ethan (see on Psalms 88:4, title) were David's singers (1 Chronicles 6:18 1 Chronicles 6:33; 1 Chronicles 15:17), of the family of Kohath. If the persons alluded to (1 Kings 4:31; 1 Chronicles 2:6), they were probably adopted into the tribe of Judah. Though called a song, which usually implies joy (Psalms 83:1), both the style and matter of the Psalm are very despondent; yet the appeals to God evince faith, and we may suppose that the word "song" might be extended to such compositions.

1, 2. Compare on the terms used, Psalms 22:2; Psalms 31:2.

3. grave—literally, "hell" (Psalms 16:10), death in wide sense.

4. go . . . pit—of destruction (Psalms 28:1).
as a man—literally, "a stout man," whose strength is utterly gone.

5. Free . . . dead—Cut off from God's care, as are the slain, who, falling under His wrath, are left, no longer sustained by His hand.

6. Similar figures for distress in Psalms 63:9; Psalms 69:3.

7. Compare , on first, and Psalms 42:7, on last clause.

8. Both cut off from sympathy and made hateful to friends ().

9. Mine eye mourneth—literally, "decays," or fails, denoting exhaustion (Psalms 6:7; Psalms 31:9).
I . . . called— (Psalms 86:5; Psalms 86:7).
stretched out—for help (Psalms 44:20).

10. shall the dead—the remains of ghosts.
arise—literally, "rise up," that is, as dead persons.

11, 12. amplify the foregoing, the whole purport (as Psalms 6:5) being to contrast death and life as seasons for praising God.

13. prevent—meet—that is, he will diligently come before God for help ().

14. On the terms (Psalms 27:9; Psalms 74:1; Psalms 77:7).

15. from . . . youth up—all my life.

16, 17. the extremes of anguish and despair are depicted.

18. into darkness—Better omit "into"—"mine acquaintances (are) darkness," the gloom of death, c. (Job 17:13 Job 17:14).