Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.
Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen.
Verse 1
The substance of, &c.; strong confidence in respect to, &c.
For by it the elders obtained a good report.
Verse 2
The elders; the persons living in former times; those enumerated in the sequel.
Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear.
Verse 3
We understand; that is, we believe.
By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts: and by it he being dead yet speaketh.
Verse 4
Of his gifts; of the nature and acceptableness of his offerings. (Genesis 4:4.)
By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death; and was not found, because God had translated him: for before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God.
Verse 5
By faith; in consequence of his faith. (Genesis 5:24.)
But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him.
By faith Noah, being warned of God of things not seen as yet, moved with fear, prepared an ark to the saving of his house; by the which he condemned the world, and became heir of the righteousness which is by faith.
Verse 7
Noah; Genesis 7:1-9.
By faith Abraham, when he was called to go out into a place which he should after receive for an inheritance, obeyed; and he went out, not knowing whither he went.
Verse 8
Abraham; Genesis 12:1-4.
By faith he sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange country, dwelling in tabernacles with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise:
Verse 9
The land of promise; the land which had been promised him,--In tabernacles; in tents; that is, leading a wandering life in it, without having any permanent possession.
For he looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God.
Through faith also Sara herself received strength to conceive seed, and was delivered of a child when she was past age, because she judged him faithful who had promised.
Therefore sprang there even of one, and him as good as dead, so many as the stars of the sky in multitude, and as the sand which is by the sea shore innumerable.
Verse 12
As good as dead; on account of his advanced age.
These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them afar off, and were persuaded of them, and embraced them, and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth.
Verse 13
Not having received the promises; not having realized the fulfilment of them.--Embraced them; confided in them.
For they that say such things declare plainly that they seek a country.
Verse 14
A country; another country; that is, a heavenly country, as explained in Hebrews 11:16.
And truly, if they had been mindful of that country from whence they came out, they might have had opportunity to have returned.
But now they desire a better country, that is, an heavenly: wherefore God is not ashamed to be called their God: for he hath prepared for them a city.
By faith Abraham, when he was tried, offered up Isaac: and he that had received the promises offered up his only begotten son,
Verse 17
Hebrews 11:17; Genesis 22:1-10.
Of whom it was said, That in Isaac shall thy seed be called:
Accounting that God was able to raise him up, even from the dead; from whence also he received him in a figure.
Verse 19
From whence also, &c.; that is, he did in fact receive him as from the dead. Whether the apostle here refers to the circumstances of his birth, as referred to in Hebrews 11:12, or to the extraordinary interposition by which he was rescued from the sacrificial pile, is not certain.
By faith Isaac blessed Jacob and Esau concerning things to come.
Verse 20
Hebrews 11:20; Genesis 27:27-40.
By faith Jacob, when he was a dying, blessed both the sons of Joseph; and worshipped, leaning upon the top of his staff.
Verse 21
Hebrews 11:21; Genesis 47:31. The word translated bed in our version of Genesis, is rendered by a word signifying staff in the Septuagint. See Hebrews 10:5, and note.
By faith Joseph, when he died, made mention of the departing of the children of Israel; and gave commandment concerning his bones.
Verse 22
Hebrews 11:22; Genesis 50:24-26; Joshua 24:32.
By faith Moses, when he was born, was hid three months of his parents, because they saw he was a proper child; and they were not afraid of the king's commandment.
Verse 23
Hebrews 11:23; Exodus 2:2.--The king's commandment; Exodus 1:16,Exodus 1:22.
By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter;
Verse 24
To be called the son, &c. to be attached to the court and the royal family.
Choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season;
Verse 25
The people of God; the Israelites.
Esteeming the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Egypt: for he had respect unto the recompence of the reward.
Verse 26
The reproach of Christ; reproach like that which Christ endured; that is, contumely and suffering incurred for the benefit of others.
By faith he forsook Egypt, not fearing the wrath of the king: for he endured, as seeing him who is invisible.
Through faith he kept the passover, and the sprinkling of blood, lest he that destroyed the firstborn should touch them.
By faith they passed through the Red sea as by dry land: which the Egyptians assaying to do were drowned.
Verse 29
Hebrews 11:29; Exodus 14:13-31:
By faith the walls of Jericho fell down, after they were compassed about seven days.
Verse 30
By faith; that is, the faith exercised by Joshua and his followers. (Joshua 6:12-20.)
By faith the harlot Rahab perished not with them that believed not, when she had received the spies with peace.
Verse 31
Hebrews 11:31; Joshua 6:22-25.
And what shall I more say? for the time would fail me to tell of Gedeon, and of Barak, and of Samson, and of Jephthae; of David also, and Samuel, and of the prophets:
Verse 32
Gedeon; Judges 6:1-35:--Barak; Judges 4:6-31:--Samson; Judges 13:24-31:--Jephthae; Judges 11:1-7:
Who through faith subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions,
Quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of weakness were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, turned to flight the armies of the aliens.
Verse 34
The aliens; the idolatrous tribes of Canaan.
Women received their dead raised to life again: and others were tortured, not accepting deliverance; that they might obtain a better resurrection:
Verse 35
Women received, &c.; perhaps referring to the account commencing 2 Kings 4:8-37.--A better resurrection; a better salvation than deliverance from earthly sufferings.
And others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings, yea, moreover of bonds and imprisonment:
They were stoned, they were sawn asunder, were tempted, were slain with the sword: they wandered about in sheepskins and goatskins; being destitute, afflicted, tormented;
(Of whom the world was not worthy:) they wandered in deserts, and in mountains, and in dens and caves of the earth.
And these all, having obtained a good report through faith, received not the promise:
Verse 39
Received not the promise; they did not realize the promised coming of the Messiah.
God having provided some better thing for us, that they without us should not be made perfect.
Verse 40
Some better thing; the gospel dispensation.--Without us; without our dispensation.--Be made perfect; have their desires and hopes fulfilled.