1.

The word of the LORD came again unto me, saying,

the LORD . Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4 .

2.

Now, thou son of man, take up a lamentation for Tyrus;

son of man . See note on Ezekiel 2:1 ,
Tyrus. See note on Ezekiel 26:2 .

3.

And say unto Tyrus, O thou that art situate at the entry of the sea, which art a merchant of the people for many isles, Thus saith the Lord GOD; O Tyrus, thou hast said, I am of perfect beauty.

the entry, &c. Denoting the insular Tyre.
people = peoples.
isles = coast, or maritime lands.
the Lord GOD . Hebrew. Adonai Jehovah . See note on Ezekiel 2:4 .

4.

Thy borders are in the midst of the seas, thy builders have perfected thy beauty.

builders = sons. Compare Iea. 62. c.

5.

They have made all thy ship boards of fir trees of Senir: they have taken cedars from Lebanon to make masts for thee.

ship boards = planks.
fir = cypress.
Senir = Mount Hermon (Deuteronomy 3:9 ).

6.

Of the oaks of Bashan have they made thine oars; the company of the Ashurites have made thy benches of ivory, brought out of the isles of Chittim.

the company of the Ashurites , &c. = a daughter (or branch) of the Ashurites, &c. Ginsburg thinks this clause should read, "they have made thy benches with ivory [and] box = wood (or cypress)"; reading bith'ashshurim instead of bath-'aehshurim (= a daughter, or branch of the Ashurites), dividing and pointing the words differently. See note on Ezekiel 31:3 ; and compare Isaiah 41:19 ; Isaiah 60:13 .
Chittim. Probably Cyprus.

7.

Fine linen with broidered work from Egypt was that which thou spreadest forth to be thy sail; blue and purple from the isles of Elishah was that which covered thee.

Elishah. Probably the Greek AEolis: i.e. the coasts of Peloponnesus. Mentioned in Genesis 10:4 with Javan (Ionia).

8.

The inhabitants of Zidon and Arvad were thy mariners: thy wise men, O Tyrus, that were in thee, were thy pilots.

Arvad. Now the island Er Ruad. Mentioned in 1 Macc 15:23.
mariners = rowers.
that were = they [were].

9.

The ancients of Gebal and the wise men thereof were in thee thy calkers: all the ships of the sea with their mariners were in thee to occupy thy merchandise.

ancients = elders.
Gebal. Now Jebeil, on the coast between Beirut and Tripolis.
occupy = barter, or trade.

10.

They of Persia and of Lud and of Phut were in thine army, thy men of war: they hanged the shield and helmet in thee; they set forth thy comeliness.

Lud . . . Phut. Compare Genesis 10:6 , Genesis 10:13 ,
men . Hebrew, plural of 'enosh . App-14 .

11.

The men of Arvad with thine army were upon thy walls round about, and the Gammadims were in thy towers: they hanged their shields upon thy walls round about; they have made thy beauty perfect.

men = sons. Gammadims: or, valiant men.

12.

Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kind of riches; with silver, iron, tin, and lead, they traded in thy fairs.

Tarshish . See note on 1 Kings 10:22 .
fairs , Occurs only in this chapter, and here, seven times: verses: Ezekiel 27:12 , Ezekiel 27:14 , Ezekiel 27:16 , Ezekiel 12:19 , Ezekiel 12:22 , Ezekiel 12:27 , Eze 12:33 ("wares ").

13.

Javan, Tubal, and Meshech, they were thy merchants: they traded the persons of men and vessels of brass in thy market.

Javan = Ionia. Compare Genesis 10:4 . These are named together in Genesis 10:2 .
persons = souls. Hebrew. nephesh . App-13 . Referring to the slave trade. See Revelation 18:13 .
men = mankind. Hebrew 'adam. App-14 .

14.

They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.

house: Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject), App-6 , for descendants.
Togarmah (Genesis 10:3 ). Probably Armenia,

15.

The men of Dedan were thy merchants; many isles were the merchandise of thine hand: they brought thee for a present horns of ivory and ebony.

men = sons.

16.

Syria was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of the wares of thy making: they occupied in thy fairs with emeralds, purple, and broidered work, and fine linen, and coral, and agate.

occupied = traded. Compare "occupy" in Luke 19:13 .

17.

Judah, and the land of Israel, they were thy merchants: they traded in thy market wheat of Minnith, and Pannag, and honey, and oil, and balm.

the land of Israel. Hebrew ' eretz Israel . One of three occurrences of this expression in this book with Hebrew ' eretz (27, 17, Ezekiel 40:2 , Ezekiel 47:18 ), instead of ' admath , which occurs seventeen times. See note on Ezekiel 11:17 .
Minnith . An Ammonite town not yet identified. Minyeh , south of Nebo, is suggested by Conder. Compare Judges 11:33 .
Pannag. Some article of merchandise, or name of place, not now known.

18.

Damascus was thy merchant in the multitude of the wares of thy making, for the multitude of all riches; in the wine of Helbon, and white wool.

wine. Hebrew. yayin . App-27 .
Helbon. Now Helbon , in the mountains, thirteen miles north of Damascus.

19.

Dan also and Javan going to and fro occupied in thy fairs: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were in thy market.

Dan. Hebrew Vedan, or Wedaungoing to and fro. Hebrew. Meuzzal . Margin Meuzzal = from Uzal. Compare Genesis 10:27 .

20.

Dedan was thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots.

21.

Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar, they occupied with thee in lambs, and rams, and goats: in these were they thy merchants.

occupied = were the merchants of thy hand. Compare Ezekiel 27:15 .

22.

The merchants of Sheba and Raamah, they were thy merchants: they occupied in thy fairs with chief of all spices, and with all precious stones, and gold.

23.

Haran, and Canneh, and Eden, the merchants of Sheba, Assur, and Chilmad, were thy merchants.

Haran. Now Harran, between the Euphrates and the Khabour ( Gen 11:35 ).
Canneh. Probably now Calneh, a Babylonian city (Genesis 10:10 ).
Eden. In Mesopotamia (2 Kings 19:12 .Isaiah 37:12 .Amos 1:5; Amos 1:5 ). Mentioned in the Inscriptions. Some suggest Aden, in Arabia. Asshur = Assyria. Chiba = tad. Now Kalwddha, near Baghdad.

24.

These were thy merchants in all sorts of things, in blue clothes, and broidered work, and in chests of rich apparel, bound with cords, and made of cedar, among thy merchandise.

25.

The ships of Tarshish did sing of thee in thy market: and thou wast replenished, and made very glorious in the midst of the seas.

26.

Thy rowers have brought thee into great waters: the east wind hath broken thee in the midst of the seas.

Thy rowers. Continuing the symbol of a ship, used of Tyre in this chapter.
wind . Hebrew. ruach . App-9 .

27.

Thy riches, and thy fairs, thy merchandise, thy mariners, and thy pilots, thy calkers, and the occupiers of thy merchandise, and all thy men of war, that are in thee, and in all thy company which is in the midst of thee, shall fall into the midst of the seas in the day of thy ruin.

occupiers = barterers, or traders.
in. A special various reading called Sevir ( App-34 ), with four early printed editions, Aramaean, Septuagint, and Syriac, omit this word "in".
company = gathered host.

28.

The suburbs shall shake at the sound of the cry of thy pilots.

suburbs. The root garash = to drive out or about. When used of a city it = suburbs; but, when used of the sea, it = the driving and casting about of the waves. Compare Isaiah 37:20 . It means here that the waves of the sea lash themselves at the wailing of the pilots.

29.

And all that handle the oar, the mariners, and all the pilots of the sea, shall come down from their ships, they shall stand upon the land;

30.

And shall cause their voice to be heard against thee, and shall cry bitterly, and shall cast up dust upon their heads, they shall wallow themselves in the ashes:

31.

And they shall make themselves utterly bald for thee, and gird them with sackcloth, and they shall weep for thee with bitterness of heart and bitter wailing.

heart = soul. Hebrew. nephesh . App-13 .

32.

And in their wailing they shall take up a lamentation for thee, and lament over thee, saying, What city is like Tyrus, like the destroyed in the midst of the sea?

they . Some codices, with two early printed editions, Septuagint, and Syriac, read "their sons". the destroyed: or, the silent one.

33.

When thy wares went forth out of the seas, thou filledst many people; thou didst enrich the kings of the earth with the multitude of thy riches and of thy merchandise.

wares. See note on "fairs", Ezekiel 27:12 .

34.

In the time when thou shalt be broken by the seas in the depths of the waters thy merchandise and all thy company in the midst of thee shall fall.

In the time when thou shalt be broken : or, "Now thou art wrecked", with Aramaean, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate.

35.

All the inhabitants of the isles shall be astonished at thee, and their kings shall be sore afraid, they shall be troubled in their countenance.

36.

The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee; thou shalt be a terror, and never shalt be any more.

be = become.
any more = for ever. Compare Ezekiel 26:21 .