1.
And Jesus entered and passed through Jericho.
And , &c. Verses 1-10 are peculiar to Luke. entered, &c. = having entered. was passing through. After the healing of the blind man. Compare "come nigh" (Luke 18:35 ).
Jericho. Now Eriha. In mediaeval times Riha. The city of palm trees (Deuteronomy 34:3 .Judges 1:16; Judges 1:16 ), about eighteen miles from Jerusalem, and six miles from the Jordan. Compare Joshua 6:26 with 1 Kings 16:34 . It after-ward became a great and wealthy city with some 100,000 inhabitants (compare Josephus, Bell. Jud. iv. 8. Ecclus 24:14).
2.
And, behold, there was a man named Zacchaeus, which was the chief among the publicans, and he was rich.
behold. App-133 . Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6 . man. Greek. aner. App-123 .
named = called by name. Zaccheaus. Aramaic, Zakkai = pure. Ezra 2:9 . Nehemiah 7:14 . App-94 .
chief among the publicans = a chief tax-gatherer. Greek. architelones. Occurs only here. See notes on Luke 3:12 and Matthew 9:9 .
3.
And he sought to see Jesus who he was; and could not for the press, because he was little of stature.
sought = was (busy) seeking.
see. App-133 .
Jesus . App-98 .
who He was . Not what kind of a person, but which one of the crowd he was. not. Greek. ou. App-105 .
for. Greek. apo. App-104 .
press = crowd. because-seeing that. Not the same word as in verses: Luke 19:11-44 .
little = small.
stature. Greek. helikia. See note on Luke 12:25 .
4.
And he ran before, and climbed up into a sycomore tree to see him: for he was to pass that way.
he ran before, and = having run forward before, he.
into = on to. Greek. epi ( App-104 .)
sycomore. Occurs only here. Not the same word as "sycamine" in Luke 17:6 , or with our "sycamore", but the Egyptian fig, as in John 1:49 .
was to pass , &c. = was about to pass through by (or through. Greek dia. App-104 .Luke 19:1; Luke 19:1 ) that [way].
5.
And when Jesus came to the place, he looked up, and saw him, and said unto him, Zacchaeus, make haste, and come down; for to day I must abide at thy house.
to = up to. Greek. epi. App-104 .
He looked up = Jesus looked up. Greek. anablepo. App-133 .
unto . Greek. pros. App-104 . Zaccheeus. Compare John 10:3 .
I must abide . Adopting the royal mandate,
at = in. Greek. en. App-104 . Not the same word as in verses: Luke 19:29 , Luke 19:37 .
6.
And he made haste, and came down, and received him joyfully.
7.
And when they saw it, they all murmured, saying, That he was gone to be guest with a man that is a sinner.
murmured = began to murmur aloud.
to be guest = to lodge, or put up. Compare Luke 2:7 . Mark 14:14 .
with . Greek. para. App-104 .
a man that is a sinner = a sinful man. sinner. Greek. hamartolos. Compare App-128 .
8.
And Zacchaeus stood, and said unto the Lord; Behold, Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor; and if I have taken any thing from any man by false accusation, I restore him fourfold.
And = But.
stood = took his stand. See note on Luke 18:11 .
Lord. App-98 .
I give : i.e. I now propose to give (present tense). Referring to a present vow, not to a past habit.
poor . App-127 .
if, &c. Assuming the actual fact, no doubt being thrown on it. Not a mere possible case. App-118 .
I have taken . . . by false accusation. Greek sukophanteo. Occurs only here and in Luke 3:14 . It was said to mean informing of a breach of the law which forbade the exportation of figs (prohibited, in time of dearth, by an old Athenian law); but for this there is no authority. Whatever its origin, it came to mean a malicious accuser. Our Eng. word "sycophant "means a toady. The word sukophantes (silicon, a fig; phaino, to show) had something to do with figs, but nobody knows what.
fourfold . This was the restitution required of a sheep-stealer (Exodus 22:1 ).
9.
And Jesus said unto him, This day is salvation come to this house, forsomuch as he also is a son of Abraham.
This day = That this day, the Greek hoti placing what was said within quotation marks. Contrast Luke 23:43 , where there is no "hoti".
come = come to pass,
house. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject), App-6 , for the household.
a son . The 1611 edition of the Authorized Version reads "the son".
son. App-108 . Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of Genus), App-6 , for a descendant.
10.
For the Son of man is come to seek and to save that which was lost.
the Son of man . See App-98 .
is come = came.
11.
And as they heard these things, he added and spake a parable, because he was nigh to Jerusalem, and because they thought that the kingdom of God should immediately appear.
added and spake = went on to speak.
because = on account of (Greek. dia. App-104 .Luke 19:2; Luke 19:2 ) [the fact] that. Not the same word as in Luke 19:44 .
that . Greek. hoti, same as "because" in verses: Luke 19:3 , Luke 19:17 , Luke 19:21 , Luke 3:31 .
the kingdom of God. See App-114 .
should = was about to.
immediately = at the very moment. See Luke 1:64 . appear be manifested. App-106 .
12.
He said therefore, A certain nobleman went into a far country to receive for himself a kingdom, and to return.
A certain nobleman . This parable is peculiar to Luke. The point of it was that Herod the Great and his son Archelaus ( App-109 ) had actually gone from Jericho (where the parable was spoken; and where the latter had just rebuilt his palace. Josephus, Antiquities xvii. 13,1) to Rome to receive the sovereignty (see Josephus, Antiquities xiv. 14. 3,4; xvii 9 4). Herod Antipas ( App-109 ) subsequently did the same thing (Josephus, Antiquities xviii. 7:2).
nobleman = a man ( App-123 .) high born. Greek eugenes. Elsewhere only in Acts 17:11 . 1 Corinthians 1:26 .
into = unto. Greek. eis. App-104 . As in verses: Luke 19:30 , Luke 19:45 ; not in verses: Luke 19:4 , Luke 19:23 .
far = distant.
a kingdom = his sovereignty, or sovereign power.
13.
And he called his ten servants, and delivered them ten pounds, and said unto them, Occupy till I come.
his ten servants = ten servants of his.
servants = bond-servants.
pounds . Greek. mna. See App-51 . Archelaus did thus actually leave money in trust with his servants, Philippus being in charge of his pecuniary affairs. Not the same parable as that of the Talents in Matthew 25:14-30 , which was uttered later, on the second day before the last Passover. See App-156 .
Occupy = Engage in business, or use (as a house where one's business is done). From the Latin occupare, and French occuper. Greek. pragmateuomai. Occurs only here. Compare Judges 16:11 .Psalms 107:23 (P.B.V.)
till I come : i.e. while I go and return.
14.
But his citizens hated him, and sent a message after him, saying, We will not have this man to reign over us.
citizens , or subjects.
hated = used to hate, a message = an embassy (Compare Luke 14:32 ). This was actually done in the case of Archelaus (Josephus, Antiquities xvii. 11 1, &c.) The Jews appealed to Augustus, on account of the cruelties of Archelaus and the Herods generally, It led ultimately to his deposition,
will. App-102 .
over . Greek. epi. App-104 .
15.
And it came to pass, that when he was returned, having received the kingdom, then he commanded these servants to be called unto him, to whom he had given the money, that he might know how much every man had gained by trading.
it came to pass. A Hebraism.
when, &c. = on (Greek. en. App-104 .) his coming back.
commanded = directed.
know = get to know. App-132 .
had gained by trading . Greek. diqpragmateuomai Occurs only here.
16.
Then came the first, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained ten pounds.
Lord . App-98 . B.
hath gained = hath gained by labour: i.e. made in addition. Occurs only here.
17.
And he said unto him, Well, thou good servant: because thou hast been faithful in a very little, have thou authority over ten cities.
in . Greek. en. App-104 .
have thou authority, &c. Exactly what Archelaus had then just done.
authority. Greek. exousia. App-172 .
cities . Evidently in the kingdom to which the nobleman had returned.
18.
And the second came, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained five pounds.
gained = made.
19.
And he said likewise to him, Be thou also over five cities.
likewise to him = to this one also.
Be = Become.
20.
And another came, saying, Lord, behold, here is thy pound, which I have kept laid up in a napkin:
another . Greek. heteros. App-124 .
have kept = was keeping.
napkin = handkerchief See on John 11:44 .
21.
For I feared thee, because thou art an austere man: thou takest up that thou layedst not down, and reapest that thou didst not sow.
austere. Greek austeros = dry, then hard and harsh. Only here, and Luke 19:22 .
man. Greek. anthropos. App-123 .
thou takest up . &c. Typical injustice of those times.
22.
And he saith unto him, Out of thine own mouth will I judge thee, thou wicked servant. Thou knewest that I was an austere man, taking up that I laid not down, and reaping that I did not sow:
Out of. Gk. ek. App-104 .
wicked . Greek. poneros. App-128 .
Thou knewest . Greek. Didst thou know, &c. ?
knewest. Greek. oida. App-132 .
23.
Wherefore then gavest not thou my money into the bank, that at my coming I might have required mine own with usury?
bank = table, of the exchangers.
with. Greek. sun. App-104 .
usury = interest.
24.
And he said unto them that stood by, Take from him the pound, and give it to him that hath ten pounds.
Take from him, &c. Compare Matthew 21:43 .
from = away from. Greek. apo. App-104 .
25.
(And they said unto him, Lord, he hath ten pounds.)
26.
For I say unto you, That unto every one which hath shall be given; and from him that hath not, even that he hath shall be taken away from him.
For I say , &c. This is the Lord's own application.
not. Greek. me. App-105 .
27.
But those mine enemies, which would not that I should reign over them, bring hither, and slay them before me.
But = But as for. would not = were unwilling. App-102 .
slay them = cut them down. Greek. katasphazo. Occurs only here.
28.
And when he had thus spoken, he went before, ascending up to Jerusalem.
went before = went on.
ascending . See note on Luke 10:30 , Luke 10:31 .
to = unto. Greek. eis. App-104 .
29.
And it came to pass, when he was come nigh to Bethphage and Bethany, at the mount called the mount of Olives, he sent two of his disciples,
And , &c. This is the second entry, which was not unexpected as the former was (Matthew 21:1 , &c .), but pre-arranged (John 12:12 , John 12:13 ). See App-153 and App-156 .
Bethphage. See note on Matthew 21:1 .
Bethany. Now el 'Azeriyek = The place of Lazarus. See App-156 . Bethany was the starting-point of this second entry. See John 12:3 , John 12:12 ; Mark 11:1 , whereas in Matthew 21:1 the Lord was at Bethphage. See note there.
He sent two. As before (Matthew 21:1 ).
30.
Saying, Go ye into the village over against you; in the which at your entering ye shall find a colt tied, whereon yet never man sat: loose him, and bring him hither.
Go = Withdraw. Not go forward, as in Matthew 21:2 over against. Greek. katenanti, down and opposite. colt. On the former entry, two animals were sent for. Luke is not "less circumstantial", but more so.
whereon = on (Greek. epi. App-104 .) which.
31.
And if any man ask you, Why do ye loose him? thus shall ye say unto him, Because the Lord hath need of him.
if , &c. The condition probable. App-118 .
any man = any one.
the Lord . App-98 .
32.
And they that were sent went their way, and found even as he had said unto them.
33.
And as they were loosing the colt, the owners thereof said unto them, Why loose ye the colt?
the owners . Greek. kurioi. See App-98 .
34.
And they said, The Lord hath need of him.
35.
And they brought him to Jesus: and they cast their garments upon the colt, and they set Jesus thereon.
brought = led.
to. Greek. pros. App-104 .
their = their own.
upon. Greek. epi. App-104 .
set. Greek. epibibazo. Only here, Luke 10:34 , and Acts 23:24 .
36.
And as he went, they spread their clothes in the way.
spread = were strewing under. Greek. hupostronnumi. Occurs only here.
37.
And when he was come nigh, even now at the descent of the mount of Olives, the whole multitude of the disciples began to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice for all the mighty works that they had seen;
at = to. Greek. pros. App-104 .
the descent . The second sight of the city after the first, owing to a dip in the route.
descent. Greek. katabasis. Occurs only here.
God. App-98 .
for = concerning. Greek. peri. App-104 .
38.
Saying, Blessed be the King that cometh in the name of the Lord: peace in heaven, and glory in the highest.
Saying, &c. Quoted from Psalms 118:26 .
name . See note on Psalms 20:1 .
the LORD = Jehovah. See App-98 .
heaven. Singular. without Art. See note on Matthew 6:9 , Matthew 6:10
39.
And some of the Pharisees from among the multitude said unto him, Master, rebuke thy disciples.
Pharisees. App-120 .
from among = from, as in Luke 19:24 .
Master = Teacher. App-98 . Luke 19:1 .
40.
And he answered and said unto them, I tell you that, if these should hold their peace, the stones would immediately cry out.
41.
And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it,
come near . Marking the progress.
beheld . . . and = looking on. App-133 .
wept = wept aloud. Greek. klaio = to wail. Not dakruo to shed silent tears, as in John 11:35 .
over. Greek. epi. App-104 .
42.
Saying, If thou hadst known, even thou, at least in this thy day, the things which belong unto thy peace! but now they are hid from thine eyes.
Saying , &c. Peculiar to Luke.
If thou, &c. Assuming it as an actual fact. App-118 . Not the same as in verses: Luke 19:8 , Luke 19:31 , Luke 19:40 .
hadst known. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Cause), App-6 , for heeding. See note on Isaiah 1:3 .
day. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct). App-6 , for the events taking place in it.
which belong unto = for (Greek. pros. App-104 .) thy peace. For these see Isaiah 48:18 and Psalms 122 . Note the Figure of speech Aposiopesis ( App-6 ), denoting that the blessedness involved in this knowledge was overwhelmed by the thought of the tribulation which was to come on account of their ignorance of it.
43.
For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,
the days = days.
trench = rampart. Greek charax. Occurs only here. Compare Isaiah 29:3 , Isaiah 29:4 ; Isaiah 37:33 .
44.
And shall lay thee even with the ground, and thy children within thee; and they shall not leave in thee one stone upon another; because thou knewest not the time of thy visitation.
lay = level(and dash). Compare Septuagint, Psalms 137:9 . Hosea 10:14 .
children . App-108 .
within. Greek. en. App-104 .
one stone , &c. = stone upon (Greek. epi. App-104 .) stone.
because = the reason for (anti. App-104 . ) which things [is that].
time = season.
visitation . As stated in Luke 1:68 ; Luke 1:78 .
45.
And he went into the temple, and began to cast out them that sold therein, and them that bought;
the temple = the temple courts. Greek. hieron. See Matthew 23:16
to cast out, &c. This is a repetition of the Lord's act in Luke 21:12 , but the same as in Mark 11:15 , which has supplementary details. See App-156 .
therein = in (Greek. en).
46.
Saying unto them, It is written, My house is the house of prayer: but ye have made it a den of thieves.
It is written = It standeth written. Quoted from Isaiah 56:7 and Jeremiah 7:11 . See App-107 .
a den of thieves = a robbers' cave.
den = cave. Greek. spelaion. Occurs six times: Matthew 21:13 .Mark 11:17 . John 11:38 (cave), Hebrews 11:38 , and Revelation 6:15 .
thieves = robbers, or brigands. As in John 10:1 , John 10:8 ; John 18:40 and 2 Corinthians 11:26 , and should be so rendered in Matthew 21:13 ; Matthew 26:55 ; Matthew 27:38 , Matthew 27:44 , &c. Not kleptes = a thief.
47.
And he taught daily in the temple. But the chief priests and the scribes and the chief of the people sought to destroy him,
taught = was (or continued) teaching.
daily = day by day: i.e. on each of these last six days. Compare Luke 20:1 . See App-156 .
chief priests = high priests.
48.
And could not find what they might do: for all the people were very attentive to hear him.
very attentive to hear Him = hanging on Him, listening.