1.
And it came to pass, that on one of those days, as he taught the people in the temple, and preached the gospel, the chief priests and the scribes came upon him with the elders,
it came to pass . AHebraism. See note on Luke 2:1 .
on . Greek. en. App-104 .
those days . Those last six days. See App-156 .
taught = was teaching.
in. Greek. en. App-104 . the temple = the temple courts. See note on Matthew 23:16 .
preached the gospel = announced the glad tidings. Greek. euaggelizo. App-121 . Almost peculiar to Luke and Paul. Luke uses it twenty-five times and Paul twenty-four.
came upon . Implying suddenness and hostility. See Acts 4:1 ; Acts 6:12 ; Acts 23:27 . Compare Mark 11:27 .
with , Greek. sun. App-104 . Not as in Luke 20:5 .
2.
And spake unto him, saying, Tell us, by what authority doest thou these things? or who is he that gave thee this authority?
unto. Greek. pro& App-104 .
by. Greek. en. App-104 .
what = what kind of; i.e. as Priest, Scribe, Prophet, Rabbi or what?
authority, Greek. exousia. App-172 .Luke 20:2; Luke 20:2 in religious matters; Luke 20:22 in civil matters; Luke 20:33 in domestic matters.
3.
And he answered and said unto them, I will also ask you one thing; and answer me:
I will also = I also will.
thing : or question. Greek. logos = word. See note on Mark 9:32 .
4.
The baptism of John, was it from heaven, or of men?
baptism. App-115 .
from . Greek. ek. App-104 .
heaven . Singular. See note on Matthew 6:9 , Matthew 6:10 .
of = from, as above. men. Greek. anthropos. App-123 .
5.
And they reasoned with themselves, saying, If we shall say, From heaven; he will say, Why then believed ye him not?
reasoned . Greek. sullogizomai. Occurs only here. It implies close deliberation with one another.
with = among. Greek pros. App-104 .
If, &c. Expresses a contingency. App-118 .
believed . App-150 .
not. Greek. ou. App-105 . As in verses: Luke 20:26 , Luke 20:38 ; not as in Luke 20:7 .
6.
But and if we say, Of men; all the people will stone us: for they be persuaded that John was a prophet.
will stone us = will stone us to death. Greek. katalithazo. Occurs only here.
they be persuaded = it [the people] has been firmly convinced. Implying long settled conviction. Greek. peitho. App-150 .
7.
And they answered, that they could not tell whence it was.
could not tell = did not know. App-132 .
not . Greek. me. App-105 .
8.
And Jesus said unto them, Neither tell I you by what authority I do these things.
Jesus . App-98 . Neither. Greek. oude.
9.
Then began he to speak to the people this parable; A certain man planted a vineyard, and let it forth to husbandmen, and went into a far country for a long time.
Then began, &c. See Matthew 21:34 , Matthew 21:46 and Mark 12:1-12 . See notes there.
to . Greek. pros. App-104 .
the people . But still in the hearing of the rulers.
vineyard . See Isaiah 5:1-7 . Jeremiah 2:21 .Ezekiel 15:1-6 .
let it forth . See note on Matthew 21:33 .
husbandmen : i.e. Israel.
went . . . far country = left the country. See note on Matthew 21:33 .
10.
And at the season he sent a servant to the husbandmen, that they should give him of the fruit of the vineyard: but the husbandmen beat him, and sent him away empty.
at. Greek. en; but all the texts omit.
servant = bond-servant.
of = from. Greek. apo. App-104 .
beat. This is supplementary, not contradictory to Matthew and Mark.
11.
And again he sent another servant: and they beat him also, and entreated him shamefully, and sent him away empty.
again he sent = he sent yet. Greek. "added to send". A Hebraism (Luke 19:11 .Acts 12:3 . Compare Genesis 4:2 ).
another = a different. Greek. heteros. App-124 .:12 a. The 1611 edition of the Authorized Version reads "the".
12.
And again he sent a third: and they wounded him also, and cast him out.
wounded . Greek. traumatizo. Occurs only here and Acts 19:16 . Compare Luke 10:34 .
cast him out. See Luke 13:33 , Luke 13:34 and Nehemiah 9:26 . 1 Kings 22:24-27 . 2 Chronicles 24:19-22 .Acts 7:52 . 1 Thessalonians 2:18 . Hebrews 11:36 , Hebrews 11:37 .
13.
Then said the lord of the vineyard, What shall I do? I will send my beloved son: it may be they will reverence him when they see him.
the lord. Greek. ho Kurios. App-98 . A.
What shall I do? Compare Genesis 1:26 ; Genesis 6:7 .
beloved . Greek. agapetos. App-135 .
it may be = surely. Greek. isos. Occurs only here; and only once in O.T. where it is Septuagint for Hebrew. 'ak (1 Samuel 25:21 ).
reverence. See note on Matthew 21:37 . see. App-133 .
14.
But when the husbandmen saw him, they reasoned among themselves, saying, This is the heir: come, let us kill him, that the inheritance may be ours.
15.
So they cast him out of the vineyard, and killed him. What therefore shall the lord of the vineyard do unto them?
out of = outside. Compare Hebrews 13:12 , Hebrews 13:13 . Joh 19:27 .
16.
He shall come and destroy these husbandmen, and shall give the vineyard to others. And when they heard it, they said, God forbid.
He shall come = [Some answered] he, &c. Compare Matthew 21:41 .
others = others (of the same kind); i.e. a new Israel, not a different Gentile nation, which would be heteros. App-124 .
they said : i.e. others who heard it said.
God forbid = May it never be! Greek. me genoito. Hebrew. chalilah = the opposite of "Amen "(Genesis 44:7 , Genesis 44:17 . Joshua 22:29 ). Occurs only here in the Gospels, but ten times in Romans.
17.
And he beheld them, and said, What is this then that is written, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner?
beheld = looked fixedly. Greek emblepo. App-133 .
is written = has been written. See App-143 .
The stone , &c. Quoted from Psalms 118:22 . Compare Luke 19:38 .
become = become into. Greek. eis. App-104 .
18.
Whosoever shall fall upon that stone shall be broken; but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder.
broken = broken to pieces.
grind him to powder . See note on Matthew 21:44 .
19.
And the chief priests and the scribes the same hour sought to lay hands on him; and they feared the people: for they perceived that he had spoken this parable against them.
And, &c. Compare Matthew 22:15-22 .Mark 12:13-17 .
the same = in (Greek. en. App-104 .) the same. See App-156 .
on . Greek. epi. App-104 .
perceived = got to know. Greek. ginosko. App-132 . Not the same as in Luke 20:23 .
against. Greek. pros. App-134 .
against them . Compare Jeremiah 18:18 .
20.
And they watched him, and sent forth spies, which should feign themselves just men, that they might take hold of his words, that so they might deliver him unto the power and authority of the governor.
watched. See on Luke 17:20 . Compare Luke 6:7 ; Luke 14:1 ; Mark 3:2 .
spies = secret agents. Greek enkathetos = Hers in wait. Joshua 8:14 .Job 31:9 . Occurs only here in N.T.
feign . Greek. hupokrinomai. App-122 . Occurs only here in N.T.
just = righteous: i.e., here, honest.
words = discourse. Greek. Plural of logos. See note on Mark 9:32 .
that so = to (Greek. eis. App-101 .) the end that.
power = rule. The Roman power. Greek. arche. App-172 .
the governor . Pilate. He alone had the rule as to life and death. So that it was the Lord's life they had in view.
21.
And they asked him, saying, Master, we know that thou sayest and teachest rightly, neither acceptest thou the person of any, but teachest the way of God truly:
asked = questioned.
Master = Teacher. Greek. didaskalos. App-98 . Luke 20:1 .
we know. Greek. oida. App-132 .
neither. Greek. ou . App-105 .
acceptest. See Galatians 1:2 , Galatians 1:6 . James 2:1 . It is a Hebraism. See Leviticus 19:15 .Malachi 1:8 .
God. Greek. theos. App-98 .
truly = with (Greek. epi. App-104 .) truth.
22.
Is it lawful for us to give tribute unto Caesar, or no?
tribute . Greek. phoros = anything brought. Here the poll-tax, which was disputed by scrupulous legalists. Only here, Luke 23:2 , and Romans 13:6 , Romans 13:7 .
no. Greek. ou. App-105 .
23.
But he perceived their craftiness, and said unto them, Why tempt ye me?
perceived = discerned. Greek. katanoeo. Not the same word as in Luke 20:19 .
craftiness = cunning. Greek. panourgia. Used only by Luke (here), and Paul (1 Corinthians 3:19 . 2 Corinthians 4:2 ; 2 Corinthians 11:3 .Ephesians 4:14; Ephesians 4:14 ).
24.
Shew me a penny. Whose image and superscription hath it? They answered and said, Caesar's.
Shew = Exhibit. Not the same word as in Luke 20:37 .
penny . Greek. denarius. App-51 .
Whose image , &c. ? See note on Matthew 22:20 .
25.
And he said unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which be Caesar's, and unto God the things which be God's.
26.
And they could not take hold of his words before the people: and they marvelled at his answer, and held their peace.
words . Greek. rhema. See note on Mark 9:32 . at. Greek. epi. App-194 .
27.
Then came to him certain of the Sadducees, which deny that there is any resurrection; and they asked him,
Then came , &c. Compare Matthew 22:23-33 .Mark 12:18-27 .
Sadducees . See App-120 .
deny . . . resurrection = say that there is no ( App-105 ) resurrection ( App-178 .) This is the key to what follows.
28.
Saying, Master, Moses wrote unto us, If any man's brother die, having a wife, and he die without children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.
Moses . See note on Luke 5:14 . See Deuteronomy 23:4 .
without children (Greek. ateknos) = children. Occurs only here and verses: Luke 20:29 , Luke 20:30 . raise up. App-178 .:2. App-108 .
29.
There were therefore seven brethren: and the first took a wife, and died without children.
30.
And the second took her to wife, and he died childless.
31.
And the third took her; and in like manner the seven also: and they left no children, and died.
32.
Last of all the woman died also.
the woman died also = the woman also died.
33.
Therefore in the resurrection whose wife of them is she? for seven had her to wife.
is = becomes. to wife = as wife.
34.
And Jesus answering said unto them, The children of this world marry, and are given in marriage:
children = sons. A Hebraism. App-108 .
world = age. App-129 . This age as distinguished from the age (or dispensation) that is to come, the age to which resurrection is the door of entrance.
are given, &c. Greek. ekgamiskomai. Occurs only here and Luke 20:35 .
35.
But they which shall be accounted worthy to obtain that world, and the resurrection from the dead, neither marry, nor are given in marriage:
obtain = attain to.
the dead = dead people: i.e. leaving them for a subsequent resurrection. No Art. See App-139 .
36.
Neither can they die any more: for they are equal unto the angels; and are the children of God, being the children of the resurrection.
Neither, &c. For neither. Greek. outs. No more births, marriages, or deaths. 1 Corinthians 15:52 .Revelation 21:4 .
equal unto the angels. Greek isangelloi. Occurs only here.
37.
Now that the dead are raised, even Moses shewed at the bush, when he calleth the Lord the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.
Now = But. the dead = corpses. See App-139 . are raised Greek. egeiro. App-178 .
Moses shewed . Moses cited because his testimony
was in question (Luke 20:28 ).
shewed = disclosed. Greek. menuo, originally to disclose something before unknown. Occurs only here, John 11:57 . Act 23:30 . 1 Corinthians 10:28 .
at the bush = [in the Scripture) on (Greek. epi. App-104 .) Referring to one of the Sections known by that name. See on 2 Samuel 1:18 , "the Bow"; Ezek.
1, "the Chariot". Compare Romans 11:2 , "Elijah". Quoted from Exodus 3:6 .
the LORD = Jehovah. See App-98 . B. b.
and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton ( App-6 ), for emphasis.
38.
For he is not a God of the dead, but of the living: for all live unto him.
the dead = dead [people], as in Luke 20:35 . App-139 .
the living = living [people].
live . In resurrection. See note on Matthew 9:8 .
unto = by. The Dative of the Agent, as in Luke 5:21 , "by them"; 2 Corinthians 12:20 , "by you"; Romans 10:20 , "of (= by) them"; 2 Peter 3:14 , "of (= by) Him"; 1 Timothy 3:16 , "of (= by) angels".
39.
Then certain of the scribes answering said, Master, thou hast well said.
40.
And after that they durst not ask him any question at all.
not = not any more. Greek. ouketi. Compound of ou, App-105 .
41.
And he said unto them, How say they that Christ is David's son?
And He said, &c. Compare Matthew 22:41-46 , and Mark 12:35-37 .
Christ = the Messiah. App-98 .
David's son . See App-98 .
42.
And David himself saith in the book of Psalms, The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand,
David himself saith , &c. Considering that theLord spoke only what the Father gave Him to speak (Deuteronomy 18:18 , Deuteronomy 18:19 . John 7:16 ; John 8:28 ; John 12:49 ; John 14:10 , John 14:24 ; John 17:8 , John 17:14 ), it is perilously near blasphemyfor a modern critic to say: "nothing can be more mischievous . . . or more irreverent than to drag in the name of our Lord to support a particular view of Biblical criticism. "TheLord's name is not "dragged in". It is He Who is speaking. It is He Who declares in the name of Jehovahthat "David himself wrote these words "in. the bookof Psalms". It is the denial of this that must "undermine faith in Christ". the book, &c. Quoted from Psalms 110:1 .
The LORD = Jehovah. App-98 .
Lord = Hebrew Adonai. App-98 . on. Greek. ek. App-104 .
43.
Till I make thine enemies thy footstool.
make = set.
Thy footstool = as a footstool for Thy feet. See note on Matthew 22:44 .
44.
David therefore calleth him Lord, how is he then his son?
David therefore calleth Him Lord. According to the modern critics it was not David but some one else!
Lord . App-98 .
45.
Then in the audience of all the people he said unto his disciples,
in the audience of all the people = as all the people were listening.
46.
Beware of the scribes, which desire to walk in long robes, and love greetings in the markets, and the highest seats in the synagogues, and the chief rooms at feasts;
Beware = Beware [and keep] from, &c.
desire. Greek. tltelo. App-102 .
greetings = salutations. Compare Luke 11:43 . See note on Matthew 23:7 .
the highest = first, front, or chief.
synagogues . App-120 .
chief rooms = best seats, or couches. See Luke 14:7 .
at = in. Greek. en. App-104 .
47.
Which devour widows' houses, and for a shew make long prayers: the same shall receive greater damnation.
devour = swallow up.
show = pretext.
damnation = judgment, or condemnation. App-177 . Compare Luke 10:14 .