1.
And he looked up, and saw the rich men casting their gifts into the treasury.
And He looked up , &c. The Lord was still in the Temple, showing that this prophetic discourse is not the same as that spoken later on the Mount of Olives. They are similar to Luke 21:11 , when the Lord goes back and speaks of what shall happen "before all these things". See App-165 .
looked up . Greek. anablepo. App-133 .
saw . Greek. eidon. App-133 .
into . Greek. eis. App-104 .
the treasury . See note on Matthew 24:1 and Mark 12:41 . Compare John 8:20 .
2.
And he saw also a certain poor widow casting in thither two mites.
also a certain poor widow = a certain poor widow also.
poor . Greek. penichros = one who works for daily bread. Occurs only here.
mites . Greek. lepta. See App-51 .
3.
And he said, Of a truth I say unto you, that this poor widow hath cast in more than they all:
more . As a matter of proportion.
4.
For all these have of their abundance cast in unto the offerings of God: but she of her penury hath cast in all the living that she had.
of = out of. (Greek. ek. App-104 .
unto . Greek. eis, as in Luke 21:1 .
offerings = gifts. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), App-6 , for the chest containing them.
God. See App-98 .
penury = lack, or want.
living = livelihood. Greek. hies. App-170 .
5.
And as some spake of the temple, how it was adorned with goodly stones and gifts, he said,
of = about. Greek. peri. App-104 .
the temple . Greek. hieron. See note on Matthew 23:18 .
gifts = dedicated gifts. Greek. Plural of anathema. Occurs only here. Compare Josephus, Bell. Jud. V. 5 4.
6.
As for these things which ye behold, the days will come, in the which there shall not be left one stone upon another, that shall not be thrown down.
behold = are gazing at. Greek. theoreo. App-133 . in. Greek. en. App-104 .
one stone upon another = stone upon (Greek. epi. App-104 .) stone.
not. Greek. ou. App-105 .
7.
And they asked him, saying, Master, but when shall these things be? and what sign will there be when these things shall come to pass?
they : i.e. "the some" of Luke 21:5 . Not any of the Apostles. See App-155 .
Master = Teacher. See App-98 . Luke 21:1 .
when . . . what? Note the two questions here, and the three on the later occasion. See App-155 .
sign = the sign. Greek. to semeion. App-176 .
shall come to pass? = may be about to take place?
8.
And he said, Take heed that ye be not deceived: for many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and the time draweth near: go ye not therefore after them.
And He said , &c. See App-155 .
Take heed . Greek. blepo. App-133 .
not . Greek. me. App-105 .
deceived = misled.
for many , &c. This was speedily fulfilled. It was the first sign as to "when" (Luke 21:7 ). Compare 1 John 2:18 , "the last hour. "
in . Greek. epi. App-104 .
time = season.
draweth = has drawn.
9.
But when ye shall hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified: for these things must first come to pass; but the end is not by and by.
commotions = unrest. Occurs only here, and 1 Corinthians 14:33 . 2 Corinthians 6:5 ; 2 Corinthians 12:20 . James 3:16 .
be not terrified = be not scared. Greek. ptoeo. Occurs only here and Luke 24:37 .
first . See the Structure, above.
the end. Greek. totelex. Not the sunteleia. Compare Matthew 24:3 and Matthew 24:14 ,
by and by = immediately. As in Matthew 24:6 , "not yet", Mark 13:7 . Compare Luke 17:7 . Matthew 14:31 .Mark 6:25 . See App-155 .
10.
Then said he unto them, Nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom:
Then said He , &c. Matthew 24:7 , Matthew 24:8 . Mark 13:8 . Nation, &c. Quoted from Isaiah 19:2 .
against . Greek. epi. App-104 .
11.
And great earthquakes shall be in divers places, and famines, and pestilences; and fearful sights and great signs shall there be from heaven.
in divers . Greek. kata. App-104 .
famines, and pestilences . Greek. limoi kai loimoi. Figure of speech Paronomasia ( App-6 ), for emphasis, like Eng. "dearths and deaths". fearful sights = things that fill with fear. Greek. Plural of phobetron. Occurs only here, but in Septuagint Isaiah 19:17 . In medical language = objects imagined by the sick.
signs . Greek. semeion. App-176 .
from . Greek. apo. App-104 .
heaven . Singular. No Art. See note on Matthew 6:9 , Matthew 6:10 .
12.
But before all these, they shall lay their hands on you, and persecute you, delivering you up to the synagogues, and into prisons, being brought before kings and rulers for my name's sake.
before all these. The Lord goes back, here, instead of continuing, as in Matthew 24:8 , Matthew 24:9 , and Mark 13:9 . See App-155 .
before . Greek. pro. App-104 .
on = upon. Greek. epi. App-104 .
to = unto. Greek. eis. App-104 .
before = up to. Greek. epi. App-104 .
13.
And it shall turn to you for a testimony.
turn = turn out.
for . Greek. eis. App-101 .
a testimony . Compare Philippians 1:1 , Php 1:28 . 2 Thessalonians 1:8 .
14.
Settle it therefore in your hearts, not to meditate before what ye shall answer:
in . Greek. eis. App-104 . meditate. Compare Luke 12:11 .Matthew 10:19 , Matthew 10:20 .
answer . Compare 1 Peter 3:15 .
15.
For I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist.
a mouth and wisdom . Note the Figure of speech Hendiadys ( App-6 ) = a mouth, yea, a wise mouth. Mouth, too, put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), App-6 , for what is spoken by it. Compare Exodus 4:11 , Exodus 4:12 .Jeremiah 1:9 . Isaiah 6:7 .
to gainsay, &c. See Acts 4:14 ; Acts 6:10 .
16.
And ye shall be betrayed both by parents, and brethren, and kinsfolks, and friends; and some of you shall they cause to be put to death.
betrayed = delivered up.
by . Greek. hupo. App-104 .
and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton ( App-6 ), for emphasis.
of = from among. Greek. ek. App-104 .
17.
And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake.
of = by. Greek. hupo. App-104 .
for = on account
of. Greek. dia. App-104 .Luke 21:2 .
18.
But there shall not an hair of your head perish.
not = by no means. Greek ou me. App-105 .
hair , &c. Compare Matthew 10:30 .
19.
In your patience possess ye your souls.
patience = patient endurance.
possess ye = ye shall possess. Occurs only here, and Luke 18:12 .Matthew 10:9 . Acts 1:18 ; Acts 8:20 ; Acts 22:28 . 1 Thessalonians 4:4 .
souls = lives. App-110 .
20.
And when ye shall see Jerusalem compassed with armies, then know that the desolation thereof is nigh.
Jerusalem. This is the point of the Lord's prophecy, in Luke. There is nothing of this in Matthew or Mark. See App-155 .
with = by. Greek. hupo. App-104 .
know = get to know. App-132 .
is nigh = has drawn near.
21.
Then let them which are in Judaea flee to the mountains; and let them which are in the midst of it depart out; and let not them that are in the countries enter thereinto.
it = her.
countries = fields.
thereinto = into (Greek. eis. App-104 .) her.
22.
For these be the days of vengeance, that all things which are written may be fulfilled.
vengeance. Quoted from Hosea 9:7 . See Daniel 9:26 , Daniel 9:27 ; and Josephus, Bell. Jud. v. 10.
all things which are written . These and no more nor less. As in Acts 3:21 .
are written = have been, and stand written.
fulfilled . As in Luke 21:24 .
Not the same word as in Luke 21:32 .
23.
But woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give suck, in those days! for there shall be great distress in the land, and wrath upon this people.
in = upon. Greek. epi. App-104 .
land. Greek. ge. App-129 .
wrath . See 1 Thessalonians 2:16 .
upon = among. Greek. en. App-104 . But all the texts read "to".
24.
And they shall fall by the edge of the sword, and shall be led away captive into all nations: and Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled.
And . Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton ( App-6 ), for emphasis.
edge = mouth (Genesis 34:26 m.)
led away captive . Josephus speaks of 1,100,000 slain and 97,000 taken away to Egyptian mines and elsewhere (Bell. lad. vi. 9).
trodden down . Not the future tense of the verb (pateo), but the future of the verb "to be", with the Pass. Part, of pateo = shall be and remain trodden down, in a way that it had never been before. The reference is to the Mohammedan possession since A.D. 636 in succession to the "fourth" or Roman possession. See note on Daniel 2:40 .
Gentiles = nations, as in preceding clause.
until , &c. So that a day is coming when the nations will cease to tread it down, and it will be possessed by its rightful owner-Israel.
the times : i.e. the times of the Gentile possession of Jerusalem.
25.
And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars; and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity; the sea and the waves roaring;
And. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton ( App-6 ), for emphasis.
And there shall be , &c. The Lord here passes over the intervening present dispensation, and takes up the yet future time of the end, enlarged on later in Matthew 24:29-31 .Mark 13:24-27 .
upon . Greek. epi. App-104 .
earth . Greek. ge. App-129 . Not the same as in Luke 21:26 ; but the same as "land" in Luke 21:23 .
with . Greek. en. App-104 .
the sea, &c. Compare Psalms 46:3 .Isaiah 5:30 . Revelation 17:15 .
26.
Men's hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth: for the powers of heaven shall be shaken.
Men's . Greek. anthropos. App-123 .
failing = fainting. Greek apopsucho. Occurs only here. Luke used three compounds of the simple verb ( psucho, Matthew 24:12 ), all peculiar to him: e.g. "cool", Luke 16:24 ; "gave up the ghost", Acts 5:5 , Acts 5:10 ; Acts 12:23 .
for = from. Greek. apo. App-104 .
looking after = expectation. Greek prosdokia, from the verb prosdokeo. App-133 .
earth = the inhabited earth. Greek. oikoumene. App-129 .
the powers , &c. App-172 . Probably refers to the angelic world rulers. See notes on Daniel 10:13 .
heaven = the heavens. See note on Matthew 6:9 , Matthew 6:10 .
shall be shaken. Compare Matthew 11:7 . Mat 6:38 . Acts Luke 4:31 .Hebrews 12:26 , Hebrews 12:27 .
27.
And then shall they see the Son of man coming in a cloud with power and great glory.
see . Greek. opsomai. App-133 .
the Son of man . App-98 .
with . Greek. meta. App-104 .
28.
And when these things begin to come to pass, then look up, and lift up your heads; for your redemption draweth nigh.
look up . Greek. anakupto = watching with outstretched neck. Occurs only here, Luke 13:11 , and John 8:7 , John 8:10 .
for = because.
redemption = deliverance from the tribulation. See Zechariah 14:1-4 .
29.
And he spake to them a parable; Behold the fig tree, and all the trees;
Behold = Look
ye . App-133 . Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6 .
30.
When they now shoot forth, ye see and know of your own selves that summer is now nigh at hand.
now = already.
shoot forth = sprout.
ye see and know = seeing (Greek. blepo. App-133 .) ye get to know. Greek. ginosko. App-132 .
of = from [experience]. Greek. apo. App-104 .
31.
So likewise ye, when ye see these things come to pass, know ye that the kingdom of God is nigh at hand.
So likewise ye = so ye also.
come = coming.
the kingdom of God. See App-114 .
32.
Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass away, till all be fulfilled.
Verily . See note on Matthew 5:18 . This generation. See note on Matthew 11:16 .
till all be fulfilled = till (Greek. eos an) all may possiblyto pass. (Not the same word as "fulfilled" in Luke 21:24 .) Had the nation repented at Peter's call, in Acts 2:38 ; Acts 3:19-26 , "all that the prophets had spoken" would have come to pass.
33.
Heaven and earth shall pass away: but my words shall not pass away.
Heaven = the heaven. shall pass away. Compare Psalms 102:26 . Isa 51:6 . 2 Peter 3:7 , 2 Peter 3:10 .
words = utterances. Greek. p1. of logos. See note on Mark 9:32 . Compare Isaiah 40:8 .
34.
And take heed to yourselves, lest at any time your hearts be overcharged with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and cares of this life, and so that day come upon you unawares.
hearts. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Part), App-6 , for the whole person.
overcharged = weighed down. Greek. baruno. Only here. Compare Luke 9:32 . 2 Corinthians 5:4 .
surfeiting . Greek. kraipale. A medical word used for the nausea after drunkenness, from which is the Latin crapula. Occurs only here. The English is from the Old French surfait or sorfait = excess.
drunkenness . Greek. methe. Occurs only here, Romans 13:13 .Galatians 1:5 , Galatians 1:21 .
cares . See note on Matthew 6:25 , " drunkenness "of to-day; "cares" for tomorrow.
of this life . Greek. biotikos = of or belonging to bios. App-170 .
come = should come.
upon . Greek. epi. App-104 .
unawares = suddenly. Greek. aiphnidios. Occurs only here, and 1 Thessalonians 5:3 .
35.
For as a snare shall it come on all them that dwell on the face of the whole earth.
as a snare . Compare Ecclesiastes 9:12 .Isaiah 24:17 .
36.
Watch ye therefore, and pray always, that ye may be accounted worthy to escape all these things that shall come to pass, and to stand before the Son of man.
Watch . See on Mark 13:33 .
and pray = praying.
always = sin (Greek. en. App-104 .) every season.
shall come to pass = are about to come to pass. stand. See Psalms 1:5 .Malachi 3:2 .
37.
And in the day time he was teaching in the temple; and at night he went out, and abode in the mount that is called the mount of Olives.
And in the day time = by day, A parenthetic statement referring to His custom during these last six days. See App-156 . abode -used to lodge.
in = into: i.e. into its protecting shelter. Occurs only here, and Matthew 21:17 .
38.
And all the people came early in the morning to him in the temple, for to hear him.
came early in the morning. Greek. orthrizo. Occurs only here. Supply the Relative Ellipsis thus: "[rising] early in the morning, came".
to . Greek. pros. App-104 .