On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that the Ammonite and the Moabite should not come into the congregation of God for ever;
On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that the Ammonite and the Moabite should not come into the congregation of God for ever;
On that day: i.e. of which he is about to write.
the book of Moses. See App-47 .
was found written = they came to the place or passage (viz. Deuteronomy 23:3-6 ). Not a discovery, but in the course of the public reading (as in Luke 4:17 ). Compare Nehemiah 8:14 .
Moabite (masc). This did not therefore exclude Ruth, a female, though married to Mahlon before Boaz.
congregation = assembly, or muster.
God. Hebrew. Elohim. (withArt.) = the [true] God. App-4 .
Because they met not the children of Israel with bread and with water, but hired Balaam against them, that he should curse them: howbeit our God turned the curse into a blessing.
Because they (plural) Num 22:56 . Deuteronomy 23:3 , Deuteronomy 23:4 .
children = sons.
hired Balaam. Numbers 22:5 , Numbers 22:6 . Joshua 24:9 , Joshua 24:10 .
them (singular), i.e. Israel.
curse. Hebrew. kalal = reproach, imprecate.
God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4 .
Now it came to pass, when they had heard the law, that they separated from Israel all the mixed multitude.
mixed multitude. Always a snare. Compare Numbers 11:4 .
And before this, Eliashib the priest, having the oversight of the chamber of the house of our God, was allied unto Tobiah:
(Applies to Nehemiah 13:4-9 ): And before this . . . the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon (Nehemiah 13:6 ). The Artaxeres (= great king) here is Darius Hystaspis. The record here must have been written after the dedication of both Temple (405 B.C.) and Wall (403 B.C.) The thirty-second year is that of the king's age, not of his reign, for he only succeeded Cambyses in 411 B.C. His twentieth year (Nehemiah 5:14 ) was 419 B.C., when, on the death of Cyrus, Nehemiah was "appointed" to be "governor in the land of Judah". Consequently, Nehemiah's twelve years of governorship end in 407 B.C., two years before the completion and dedication of the Temple, and when Darius Hystaspis had been reigning three years. In that year (407) Nehemiah evidently receives a report from his deputy (probably Hanani still) as to the Temple progress, and doubtless of the Eliasbib-Tobiah scandal. He determines to go himself, obtains leave of absence (with difficulty, apparently, Nehemiah 13:6 ), and comes to Jerusalem. Arriving there, he "understands" the evil concerning Eliashib, casts forth Tobiah and his "stuff", and hurries on the Temple work towards completion.
And he had prepared for him a great chamber, where aforetime they laid the meat offerings, the frankincense, and the vessels, and the tithes of the corn, the new wine, and the oil, which was commanded to be given to the Levites, and the singers, and the porters; and the offerings of the priests.
See Nehemiah 13:4 for a special note.
meat offerings = gift offerings. Heb minchah. App-43 .
new wine. Hebrew. tirosh. App-27 .
offerings = heave offerings. App-43 .
But in all this time was not I at Jerusalem: for in the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon came I unto the king, and after certain days obtained I leave of the king:
See Nehemiah 13:4 for a special note.
not I at Jerusalem. Nehemiah did not return with Haggai and Zachariah at the beginning of this reign. See longer note on Nehemiah 13:4 .
the two and thirtieth year. See longer note on Nehemiah 13:4 .
Artaxerxes = Darius Hystaspis. See longer note on Nehemiah 5:14 , Nehemiah 13:4 .
obtained I leave = I earnestly requested. Hebrew. sha'al. See note on "enquire", 1 Samuel 28:6 , 1 Samuel 28:7 .
And I came to Jerusalem, and understood of the evil that Eliashib did for Tobiah, in preparing him a chamber in the courts of the house of God.
And it grieved me sore: therefore I cast forth all the household stuff of Tobiah out of the chamber.
See Nehemiah 13:4 for a special note.
I cast forth. His authority was not disputed. Malachi (2-4) also rebukes the People.
Then I commanded, and they cleansed the chambers: and thither brought I again the vessels of the house of God, with the meat offering and the frankincense.
See Nehemiah 13:4 for a special note.
And I perceived that the portions of the Levites had not been given them: for the Levites and the singers, that did the work, were fled every one to his field.
one-man . Hebrew. 'ish . App-14 .
Then contended I with the rulers, and said, Why is the house of God forsaken? And I gathered them together, and set them in their place.
Then brought all Judah the tithe of the corn and the new wine and the oil unto the treasuries.
And I made treasurers over the treasuries, Shelemiah the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and of the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah: for they were counted faithful, and their office was to distribute unto their brethren.
I made treasurers: or, I set in charge.
next to them: or, to help them.
Mattaniah. Compare Nehemiah 11:17 .
Remember me, O my God, concerning this, and wipe not out my good deeds that I have done for the house of my God, and for the offices thereof.
good deeds = kindnesses.
offices = charges.
In those days saw I in Judah some treading wine presses on the sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day: and I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals.
winepresses. Hebrew. gath, a wine press; not yekeb, a wine vat.
There dwelt men of Tyre also therein, which brought fish, and all manner of ware, and sold on the sabbath unto the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem.
and. Some codices, with six early printed editions, Syriac, and Vulgate, omit this "and".
Then I contended with the nobles of Judah, and said unto them, What evil thing is this that ye do, and profane the sabbath day?
Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the sabbath.
profaning. Notwithstanding the covenant made in Nehemiah 10:31 .
sabbath. A special various reading called Sevir ( App-34 ), one early printed edition, and Syriac, add the word "day", as in Nehemiah 13:17 .
And it came to pass, that when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the gates should be shut, and charged that they should not be opened till after the sabbath: and some of my servants set I at the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day.
So the merchants and sellers of all kind of ware lodged without Jerusalem once or twice.
Then I testified against them, and said unto them, Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you. From that time forth came they no more on the sabbath.
lodge. See note on Nehemiah 4:22 ,
And I commanded the Levites that they should cleanse themselves, and that they should come and keep the gates, to sanctify the sabbath day. Remember me, O my God, concerning this also, and spare me according to the greatness of thy mercy.
greatness = abundance.
mercy = lovingkindness, or, grace.
In those days also saw I Jews that had married wives of Ashdod, of Ammon, and of Moab:
had married. Notwithstanding the covenant of Nehemiah 10:30 and Ezra 10:12 , Ezra 10:14 .
Ashdod. Now, Esdud. Joshua 15:46
And their children spake half in the speech of Ashdod, and could not speak in the Jews' language, but according to the language of each people.
according to the language. Some codices, with four early printed editions, read "but with the tongue"
And I contended with them, and cursed them, and smote certain of them, and plucked off their hair, and made them swear by God, saying, Ye shall not give your daughters unto their sons, nor take their daughters unto your sons, or for yourselves.
cursed: i.e. caused them to be cursed. Hebrew idiom. Hebrew. kalal, as in Nehemiah 13:2 .
smote. Hebrew idiom = caused them to be smitten (as in Matthew 27:26 . Mark 15:15 .John 19:1; John 19:1 ).
certain = men. Hebrew. 'enosh. App-14 .
Did not Solomon king of Israel sin by these things? yet among many nations was there no king like him, who was beloved of his God, and God made him king over all Israel: nevertheless even him did outlandish women cause to sin.
Did not Solomon . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6 . Compare 1Ki 11 . 2 Samuel 12:24 , 2 Samuel 12:25 .
sin. Hebrew. chata'. App-44 .
many = the many.
outlandish = the foreign. Hebrew. nakri.
Shall we then hearken unto you to do all this great evil, to transgress against our God in marrying strange wives?
Shall we . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis.
evil. Hebrew. ra'a'. App-44 .
transgress. Hebrew. ma'al. App-44 .
strange = foreign. Hebrew. nakar, as in Nehemiah 13:30 .
And one of the sons of Joiada, the son of Eliashib the high priest, was son in law to Sanballat the Horonite: therefore I chased him from me.
one of the sons, &c. Joiada the son of Eliashbi was led astray by the degeneracy of his father (Nehemiah 13:4 ), and married the daughter of Sanballat (Nehemiah 2:10 ). Joiada's son was Manasseh, who, according to Josephus ( Antiquities xi. 8, 3), fled to Samaria, where Sanballat built the Samaritan temple at Gerizim, and made Manasseh the high priest of it.
Remember them, O my God, because they have defiled the priesthood, and the covenant of the priesthood, and of the Levites.
they have defiled. Compare Malachi 2:1-8 . Hebrew. ga'al, a Homonym. See note on Ezra 2:62 .
covenant. Compare Nehemiah 9:38 .
Thus cleansed I them from all strangers, and appointed the wards of the priests and the Levites, every one in his business;
wards of = charges for. N. B. no Art. here.
And for the wood offering, at times appointed, and for the firstfruits. Remember me, O my God, for good.
the wood offering. See note on Nehemiah 10:34 , Nehemiah 10:35 .
Remember me. Thus ends the latest sacred history of the O.T.; chronological, not canonical. In 2 Macc, 2.13 it is recorded of Nehemiah "how he, founding a library, gathered together the books about the kings and prophets, and the books of David, and letters of kings about sacred gifts".