1. wonderful— ().
counsels of old— (Isaiah 42:9; Isaiah 46:10). Purposes planned long ago; here, as to the deliverance of His people.
truth—Hebrew, Amen; covenant-keeping, faithful to promises; the peculiar characteristic of Jesus (Revelation 3:14).

2. a city . . . heap—Babylon, type of the seat of Antichrist, to be destroyed in the last days (compare Jeremiah 51:37; Revelation 18:1-24, followed, as here, by the song of the saints' thanksgiving in Revelation 18:1-66). "Heaps" is a graphic picture of Babylon and Nineveh as they now are.
palace—Babylon regarded, on account of its splendor, as a vast palace. But MAURER translates, "a citadel."
of strangers—foreigners, whose capital pre-eminently Babylon was, the metropolis of the pagan world. "Aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, strangers from the covenants of promise" (Isaiah 29:5; Ephesians 2:12; see in contrast, Ephesians 2:12).
never be built— (Isaiah 13:19; Isaiah 13:20, &c.).

3. strong people—This cannot apply to the Jews; but other nations on which Babylon had exercised its cruelty (Isaiah 14:12) shall worship Jehovah, awed by the judgment inflicted on Babylon (Isaiah 14:12).
city—not Babylon, which shall then be destroyed, but collectively for the cities of the surrounding nations.

4. the poor . . . needy—the Jews, exiles from their country (Isaiah 26:6; Isaiah 41:17).
heat—calamity (Isaiah 4:6; Isaiah 32:2).
blast—that is, wrath.
storm—a tempest of rain, a winter flood, rushing against and overthrowing the wall of a house.

5. Translate, "As the heat in a dry land (is brought down by the shadow of a cloud, so) thou shalt bring down the tumult (the shout of triumph over their enemies) of strangers (foreigners); and as the heat by the shadow of the cloud (is brought low), so the branch (the offspring) of the terrible ones shall be brought low." PARKHURST translates the Hebrew for "branch," the exulting song. JEROME translates the last clause, "And as when the heat burns under a cloud, thou shalt make the branch of the terrible ones to wither"; the branch withering even under the friendly shade of a cloud typifies the wicked brought to ruin, not for want of natural means of prosperity, but by the immediate act of God.

6. in this mountain—Zion: Messiah's kingdom was to begin, and is to have its central seat hereafter, at Jerusalem, as the common country of "all nations" (Isaiah 2:2, c.).
all people— (Isaiah 56:7 Daniel 7:14; Luke 2:10).
feast—image of felicity (Psalms 22:26; Psalms 22:27; Matthew 8:11; Luke 14:15; Revelation 19:9; compare Psalms 36:8; Psalms 87:1-7).
fat things—delicacies; the rich mercies of God in Christ (Isaiah 55:2; Jeremiah 31:14; Job 36:16).
wines on the lees—wine which has been long kept on the lees; that is, the oldest and most generous wine (Jeremiah 48:11).
marrow—the choicest dainties (Psalms 63:5).
well refined—cleared of all dregs.

7. face of . . . covering—image from mourning, in which it was usual to cover the face with a veil (2 Samuel 15:30). "Face of covering," that is, the covering itself; as in 2 Samuel 15:30, "the face of his garment," the garment itself. The covering or veil is the mist of ignorance as to a future state, and the way to eternal life, which enveloped the nations (2 Samuel 15:30) and the unbelieving Jew (2 Samuel 15:30). The Jew, however, is first to be converted before the conversion of "all nations"; for it is "in this mountain," namely, Zion, that the latter are to have the veil taken off (Psalms 102:13; Psalms 102:15; Psalms 102:16; Psalms 102:21; Psalms 102:22; Romans 11:12).

8. Quoted in , in support of the resurrection.
swallow up . . . in victory—completely and permanently "abolish" (2 Timothy 1:10; Revelation 20:14; Revelation 21:4; compare Genesis 2:17; Genesis 3:22).
rebuke—(Compare Mark 8:38; Hebrews 11:26).

9. And it shall be said in that day, c.—"After death has been swallowed up for ever, the people of God, who had been delivered from the hand of death, shall say to the Lord, Lo, this is our God, whom unbelievers regarded as only a man" [JEROME]. "The words are so moulded as to point us specially to the person of the Son of God, who 'saves' us as He vouchsafed to Israel temporal saving, so to His elect He appears for the purpose of conferring eternal salvation" [VITRINGA]. The Jews, however, have a special share in the words, This is our God (see on Isaiah 25:2).
we have waited—"Waited" is characteristic of God's people in all ages (Genesis 49:18; Titus 2:13).
we will be glad and rejoice in his salvation—compare Titus 2:13, which refers to the second coming of Jesus (compare Psalms 118:26; Luke 13:35).

10. rest—as its permanent protector; on "hand" in this sense; compare Ezra 7:6; Ezra 7:28.
Moab—while Israel is being protected, the foe is destroyed; Moab is the representative of all the foes of God's people.
under him—Rather, "in his own place" or "country" (Exodus 10:23; Exodus 16:29).
for the dunghill—Rather, "in the water of the dung heap," in which straw was trodden to make it manure (Psalms 83:10). HORSLEY translates either, "in the waters of Madmenah," namely, for the making of bricks; or as the Septuagint, "as the threshing-floor is trampled by the corn-drag" (see Margin; Psalms 83:10).

11. he—Jehovah shall spread His hands to strike the foe on this side and on that, with as little effort as a swimmer spreads forth his arms to cleave a passage through the water [CALVIN]. (Zechariah 5:3). LOWTH takes "he" as Moab, who, in danger of sinking, shall strain every nerve to save himself; but Jehovah (and "he") shall cause him to sink ("bring down the pride" of Moab, Isaiah 16:6).
with the spoils of . . . hands—literally, "the craftily acquired spoils" of his (Moab's) hands [BARNES]. Moab's pride, as well as the sudden gripe of his hands (namely, whereby he tries to save himself from drowning) [LOWTH]. "Together with the joints of his hands," that is, though Moab struggle against Jehovah hand and foot [MAURER].

12. fortress—the strongholds of Moab, the representative of the foes of God's people [BARNES]. Babylon [MAURER]. The society of infidels represented as a city ().