CHAPTER 6
. THE PHILISTINES
COUNSEL HOW
TO SEND BACK
THE ARK.
1. the ark . . . was in the country
of the Philistines seven months—Notwithstanding the calamities
which its presence had brought on the country and the people, the
Philistine lords were unwilling to relinquish such a prize, and tried
every means to retain it with peace and safety, but in vain.
2, 3. the Philistines called for the
priests and the diviners—The designed restoration of the ark
was not, it seems, universally approved of, and many doubts were
expressed whether the prevailing pestilence was really a judgment of
Heaven. The priests and diviners united all parties by recommending a
course which would enable them easily to discriminate the true
character of the calamities, and at the same time to propitiate the
incensed Deity for any acts of disrespect which might have been shown
to His ark.
4. Five golden emerods—Votive
or thank offerings were commonly made by the heathen in prayer for,
or gratitude after, deliverance from lingering or dangerous
disorders, in the form of metallic (generally silver) models or
images of the diseased parts of the body. This is common still in
Roman Catholic countries, as well as in the temples of the Hindus and
other modern heathen.
five golden mice—This
animal is supposed by some to be the jerboa or jumping mouse of Syria
and Egypt [BOCHART]; by
others, to be the short-tailed field mouse, which often swarms in
prodigious numbers and commits great ravages in the cultivated fields
of Palestine.
5. give glory unto the God of
Israel—By these propitiatory presents, the Philistines would
acknowledge His power and make reparation for the injury done to His
ark.
lighten his hand . . . from
off your gods—Elohim for god.
6. Wherefore then do ye harden your
hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts?—The
memory of the appalling judgments that had been inflicted on Egypt
was not yet obliterated. Whether preserved in written records, or in
floating tradition, they were still fresh in the minds of men, and
being extensively spread, were doubtless the means of diffusing the
knowledge and fear of the true God.
7. make a new cart—Their
object in making a new one for the purpose seems to have been not
only for cleanliness and neatness, but from an impression that there
would have been an impropriety in using one that had been applied to
meaner or more common services. It appears to have been a covered
wagon (see on ).
two milch kine—Such
untrained heifers, wanton and vagrant, would pursue no certain and
regular path, like those accustomed to the yoke, and therefore were
most unlikely of their own spontaneous motion to prosecute the direct
road to the land of Israel.
bring their calves home from
them—The strong natural affection of the dams might be supposed
to stimulate their return homewards, rather than direct their steps
in a foreign country.
8. take the ark of the Lord, and lay
it upon the cart—This mode of carrying the sacred symbol was
forbidden; but the ignorance of the Philistines made the indignity
excusable (see on ).
put the jewels . . . in a
coffer by the side thereof—The way of securing treasure in the
East is still in a chest, chained to the house wall or some solid
part of the furniture.
9-12. Beth-shemesh—that is,
"house of the sun," now Ain Shems [ROBINSON],
a city of priests in Judah, in the southeast border of Dan, lying in
a beautiful and extensive valley. JOSEPHUS
says they were set a-going near a place where the road divided into
two—the one leading back to Ekron, where were their calves, and the
other to Beth-shemesh. Their frequent lowings attested their ardent
longing for their young, and at the same time the supernatural
influence that controlled their movements in a contrary direction.
12. the lords of the Philistines
went after them—to give their tribute of homage, to prevent
imposture, and to obtain the most reliable evidence of the truth. The
result of this journey tended to their own deeper humiliation, and
the greater illustration of God's glory.
14. and they clave—that is,
the Beth-shemites, in an irrepressible outburst of joy.
offered the kine—Though
contrary to the requirements of the law (Leviticus 1:3;
Leviticus 22:19), these animals might
properly be offered, as consecrated by God Himself; and though not
beside the tabernacle, there were many instances of sacrifices
offered by prophets and holy men on extraordinary occasions in other
places.
17, 18. And these are the golden
emerods . . . and the mice—There were five representative
images of the emerods, corresponding to the five principal cities of
the Philistines. But the number of the golden mice must have been
greater, for they were sent from the walled towns as well as the
country villages.
18. unto the great stone of
Abel—Abel, or Aben, means "stone," so
that without resorting to italics, the reading should be, "the
great stone."
19. he smote the men of
Beth-shemesh, because they had looked into the ark—In the
ecstasy of delight at seeing the return of the ark, the Beth-shemesh
reapers pried into it beneath the wagon cover; and instead of
covering it up again, as a sacred utensil, they let it remain exposed
to common inspection, wishing it to be seen, in order that all might
enjoy the triumph of seeing the votive offerings presented to it, and
gratify curiosity with the sight of the sacred shrine. This was the
offense of those Israelites (Levites, as well as common people), who
had treated the ark with less reverence than the Philistines
themselves.
he smote of the people fifty
thousand and threescore and ten men—Beth-shemesh being only a
village, this translation must be erroneous, and should be,
"he smote fifty out of a thousand," being only fourteen
hundred in all who indulged this curiosity. God, instead of
decimating, according to an ancient usage, slew only a twentieth
part; that is, according to JOSEPHUS,
seventy out of fourteen hundred (see ).
21. Kirjath-jearim—"the
city of woods," also called Kirjath-baal (Joshua 15:60;
Joshua 18:14; 1 Chronicles 13:6;
1 Chronicles 13:7). This was the nearest
town to Beth-shemesh; and being a place of strength, it was a more
fitting place for the residence of the ark. Beth-shemesh being in a
low plain, and Kirjath-jearim on a hill, explains the message, "Come
ye down, and fetch it up to you."
CHAPTER 6
. THE PHILISTINES COUNSEL HOW TO SEND BACK THE ARK.
1. the ark . . . was in the country of the Philistines seven months—Notwithstanding the calamities which its presence had brought on the country and the people, the Philistine lords were unwilling to relinquish such a prize, and tried every means to retain it with peace and safety, but in vain.
2, 3. the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners—The designed restoration of the ark was not, it seems, universally approved of, and many doubts were expressed whether the prevailing pestilence was really a judgment of Heaven. The priests and diviners united all parties by recommending a course which would enable them easily to discriminate the true character of the calamities, and at the same time to propitiate the incensed Deity for any acts of disrespect which might have been shown to His ark.
4. Five golden emerods—Votive or thank offerings were commonly made by the heathen in prayer for, or gratitude after, deliverance from lingering or dangerous disorders, in the form of metallic (generally silver) models or images of the diseased parts of the body. This is common still in Roman Catholic countries, as well as in the temples of the Hindus and other modern heathen.
five golden mice—This animal is supposed by some to be the jerboa or jumping mouse of Syria and Egypt [BOCHART]; by others, to be the short-tailed field mouse, which often swarms in prodigious numbers and commits great ravages in the cultivated fields of Palestine.
5. give glory unto the God of Israel—By these propitiatory presents, the Philistines would acknowledge His power and make reparation for the injury done to His ark.
lighten his hand . . . from off your gods—Elohim for god.
6. Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts?—The memory of the appalling judgments that had been inflicted on Egypt was not yet obliterated. Whether preserved in written records, or in floating tradition, they were still fresh in the minds of men, and being extensively spread, were doubtless the means of diffusing the knowledge and fear of the true God.
7. make a new cart—Their object in making a new one for the purpose seems to have been not only for cleanliness and neatness, but from an impression that there would have been an impropriety in using one that had been applied to meaner or more common services. It appears to have been a covered wagon (see on ).
two milch kine—Such untrained heifers, wanton and vagrant, would pursue no certain and regular path, like those accustomed to the yoke, and therefore were most unlikely of their own spontaneous motion to prosecute the direct road to the land of Israel.
bring their calves home from them—The strong natural affection of the dams might be supposed to stimulate their return homewards, rather than direct their steps in a foreign country.
8. take the ark of the Lord, and lay it upon the cart—This mode of carrying the sacred symbol was forbidden; but the ignorance of the Philistines made the indignity excusable (see on ).
put the jewels . . . in a coffer by the side thereof—The way of securing treasure in the East is still in a chest, chained to the house wall or some solid part of the furniture.
9-12. Beth-shemesh—that is, "house of the sun," now Ain Shems [ROBINSON], a city of priests in Judah, in the southeast border of Dan, lying in a beautiful and extensive valley. JOSEPHUS says they were set a-going near a place where the road divided into two—the one leading back to Ekron, where were their calves, and the other to Beth-shemesh. Their frequent lowings attested their ardent longing for their young, and at the same time the supernatural influence that controlled their movements in a contrary direction.
12. the lords of the Philistines went after them—to give their tribute of homage, to prevent imposture, and to obtain the most reliable evidence of the truth. The result of this journey tended to their own deeper humiliation, and the greater illustration of God's glory.
14. and they clave—that is, the Beth-shemites, in an irrepressible outburst of joy.
offered the kine—Though contrary to the requirements of the law (Leviticus 1:3; Leviticus 22:19), these animals might properly be offered, as consecrated by God Himself; and though not beside the tabernacle, there were many instances of sacrifices offered by prophets and holy men on extraordinary occasions in other places.
17, 18. And these are the golden emerods . . . and the mice—There were five representative images of the emerods, corresponding to the five principal cities of the Philistines. But the number of the golden mice must have been greater, for they were sent from the walled towns as well as the country villages.
18. unto the great stone of Abel—Abel, or Aben, means "stone," so that without resorting to italics, the reading should be, "the great stone."
19. he smote the men of Beth-shemesh, because they had looked into the ark—In the ecstasy of delight at seeing the return of the ark, the Beth-shemesh reapers pried into it beneath the wagon cover; and instead of covering it up again, as a sacred utensil, they let it remain exposed to common inspection, wishing it to be seen, in order that all might enjoy the triumph of seeing the votive offerings presented to it, and gratify curiosity with the sight of the sacred shrine. This was the offense of those Israelites (Levites, as well as common people), who had treated the ark with less reverence than the Philistines themselves.
he smote of the people fifty thousand and threescore and ten men—Beth-shemesh being only a village, this translation must be erroneous, and should be, "he smote fifty out of a thousand," being only fourteen hundred in all who indulged this curiosity. God, instead of decimating, according to an ancient usage, slew only a twentieth part; that is, according to JOSEPHUS, seventy out of fourteen hundred (see ).
21. Kirjath-jearim—"the city of woods," also called Kirjath-baal (Joshua 15:60; Joshua 18:14; 1 Chronicles 13:6; 1 Chronicles 13:7). This was the nearest town to Beth-shemesh; and being a place of strength, it was a more fitting place for the residence of the ark. Beth-shemesh being in a low plain, and Kirjath-jearim on a hill, explains the message, "Come ye down, and fetch it up to you."