1.

And it came to pass in the eleventh year, in the third month, in the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,

the eleventh year . See note on Ezekiel 30:20 , and p. 1105. the third month. About two months before the fall of Jerusalem.
the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah . App-4 .

2.

Son of man, speak unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, and to his multitude; Whom art thou like in thy greatness?

Son of man . See note on Ezekiel 2:1 .

3.

Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs.

Behold. Figure of speech Asterismos . App-6
the Assyrian. Ginsburg thinks this should read teashshur (= a box = tree) instead of ' ashshur (= an Assyrian). There is no article; and Egypt is the subject here, not Assyria. See note on Ezekiel 27:6 , and compare Isaiah 41:19 ; Isaiah 60:13 . The subject is the proud exaltation of Egypt, which is likened to a box or cypress, exalting itself into a cedar of Lebanon.
shroud = foliage.

4.

The waters made him great, the deep set him up on high with her rivers running round about his plants, and sent out her little rivers unto all the trees of the field.

waters . . . deep : i.e. the water = ways, and the Nile. Compare Ezekiel 31:15 .

5.

Therefore his height was exalted above all the trees of the field, and his boughs were multiplied, and his branches became long because of the multitude of waters, when he shot forth.

branches. Hebrew text reads "branch" (singular); but margin, with some codices and four early printed editions, road "branches" (plural) Occurs only in Ezekiel.

6.

All the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs, and under his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young, and under his shadow dwelt all great nations.

boughs = arms. Occurs only here and in 31:8.

7.

Thus was he fair in his greatness, in the length of his branches: for his root was by great waters.

8.

The cedars in the garden of God could not hide him: the fir trees were not like his boughs, and the chestnut trees were not like his branches; nor any tree in the garden of God was like unto him in his beauty.

the garden of God. Reference to Pentateuch (Genesis 2:8 ). God. Hebrew. Elohim . App-4 .

9.

I have made him fair by the multitude of his branches: so that all the trees of Eden, that were in the garden of God, envied him.

Eden. Reference to Pentateuch (Genesis 2 ). Compare Ezekiel 28:13 . App-92 .

10.

Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast lifted up thyself in height, and he hath shot up his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;

thus smith, he. See note on Ezekiel 44:9 .
the Lord God. Hebrew Adonai Jehovah. See note on Ezekiel 2:4 .
thou . Pharaoh,
he . Ashur.

11.

I have therefore delivered him into the hand of the mighty one of the heathen; he shall surely deal with him: I have driven him out for his wickedness.

heathen = nations.
for. Many codices, with five early printed editions, Syriac, and Vulgate, read "according to", as our text does. Other codices, with four early printed editions and Aramaean, read "in".
wickedness = lawlessness. Hebrew. rasha. App-44 .

12.

And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

strangers = foreigners.
rivers = torrents. Hebrew ' aphikim . See note on" channels", 2 Samuel 22:16 .

13.

Upon his ruin shall all the fowls of the heaven remain, and all the beasts of the field shall be upon his branches:

14.

To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.

all. All the trees. So in Ezekiel 31:16 .
children = sons.
men. Hebrew ' adam . App-14 .

15.

Thus saith the Lord GOD; In the day when he went down to the grave I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained the floods thereof, and the great waters were stayed: and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him.

the grave. Hebrew. Sheol . App-35 .

16.

I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to hell with them that descend into the pit: and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, shall be comforted in the nether parts of the earth.

I east gim down = I caused tint to descend.
hell = Sheol. Same word as "the grave" in Ezekiel 31:15 . the pit. Hebrew. bor . Showing the sense in which Sheol is used in Ezekiel 31:15 and Ezekiel 31:16 . See notes on "well", Genesis 21:19 ; and "pit", Isaiah 14:19 .

17.

They also went down into hell with him unto them that be slain with the sword; and they that were his arm, that dwelt under his shadow in the midst of the heathen.

and they that were his arm. Septuagint and Syriac rend "and his seed".

18.

To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shalt thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth: thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised with them that be slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.

saith the Lord GOD = [is] Adonai Jehovah's oracle.