1.

Now when these things were done, the princes came to me, saying, The people of Israel, and the priests, and the Levites, have not separated themselves from the people of the lands, doing according to their abominations, even of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.

the princes. Not all of them. Compare Ezra 9:2 .
People of Israel. See note on Ezra 2:2 and 1 Kings 12:17 .
people = peoples, or nations.
Canaanites. Contrary to the law (Exodus 34:12-16 . Deuteronomy 7:1-3 ). See App-23 and App-25 .

2.

For they have taken of their daughters for themselves, and for their sons: so that the holy seed have mingled themselves with the people of those lands: yea, the hand of the princes and rulers hath been chief in this trespass.

holy seed , or the sanctuary's seed. See note on Exodus 3:5 and compare Daniel 2:43 .Exodus 19:6 ; Exodus 22:31 .Deuteronomy 7:6 ; Deuteronomy 14:2 .
trespass = defection. Hebrew. ma'al. App-44 . Not the same word as in Ezra 9:6 .

3.

And when I heard this thing, I rent my garment and my mantle, and plucked off the hair of my head and of my beard, and sat down astonied.

rent my garment, &c. These were signs of inward mourning. See Ezra 9:5 . Jos 7:6 . 1 Samuel 4:12 . 2 Samuel 1:2 ; 2Sa 13:31 . 2 Kings 18:37 . Job 1:20 . Matthew 26:65 .
astonied: i.e. causing astonishment in such as saw me.

4.

Then were assembled unto me every one that trembled at the words of the God of Israel, because of the transgression of those that had been carried away; and I sat astonied until the evening sacrifice.

trembled at the words, &c. Compare Isaiah 66:2 .
transgression = defection. Hebrew. ma'al. App-44 .
sacrifice = meal offering. Hebrew. minchah. App-43 .

5.

And at the evening sacrifice I arose up from my heaviness; and having rent my garment and my mantle, I fell upon my knees, and spread out my hands unto the LORD my God.

having rent = having already rent.
I feel upon my knees. Compare Ezra 10:1 . 2 Chronicles 6:13 .Daniel 6:10 . Luke 22:41 .Acts 7:60 ; Acts 9:40 ; Acts 20:36 ; Act :21:5 .
the LORD. Hebrew Jehovah. App-4 .

6.

And said, O my God, I am ashamed and blush to lift up my face to thee, my God: for our iniquities are increased over our head, and our trespass is grown up unto the heavens.

trespass. Hebrew. 'ashma (feminine.) = guilt incurred. The rnasc. = guilt imputed (as in Leviticus 5:7 . Numbers 5:8 . 2 Kings 12:16 . Psalms 68:21 ). App-44 . Not the same word as in Ezra 9:2 . Compare verses: Ezra 9:7 , Ezra 9:13 , Ezra 9:15 .

7.

Since the days of our fathers have we been in a great trespass unto this day; and for our iniquities have we, our kings, and our priests, been delivered into the hand of the kings of the lands, to the sword, to captivity, and to a spoil, and to confusion of face, as it is this day.

been delivered. For these selfsame sins! as in Ezra 9:2 . confusion of face. Compare Daniel 9:5-7 .

8.

And now for a little space grace hath been shewed from the LORD our God, to leave us a remnant to escape, and to give us a nail in his holy place, that our God may lighten our eyes, and give us a little reviving in our bondage.

a little space = a little while. Hebrew. kim'at. See note on "almost" (Proverbs 5:14 ). Referring to the respite which had been begun by the kings of Assyria (Ezra 6:22 .Nehemiah 9:32; Nehemiah 9:32 ) and continued by the kings of Persia.
remnant to escape. The same which Nehemiah had already inquired about (Nehemiah 1:2 , Nehemiah 1:3 ).
a nail = a peg surely driven in. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct), App-6 , for the dwelling secured by it.
holy place = Jerusalem, or sanctuary. Compare Psalms 24:3 .Isaiah 56:7 , &c.

9.

For we were bondmen; yet our God hath not forsaken us in our bondage, but hath extended mercy unto us in the sight of the kings of Persia, to give us a reviving, to set up the house of our God, and to repair the desolations thereof, and to give us a wall in Judah and in Jerusalem.

we were. Or, supply the Ellipsis "we [are]".
bondmen. The subjects of the Persians (Nehemiah 9:36 ).
mercy = lovingkindness, or grace.
kings of Persia. See App-57 .
to repair the desolations. Compare Nehemiah 1:2 , Nehemiah 1:3 .
give us a wall. This helps to prove that the task of Nehemiah had already been effected. See the Structure on p. 617, notes on p. 618, and App-58 .

10.

And now, O our God, what shall we say after this? for we have forsaken thy commandments,

what shall we say . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6 .

11.

Which thou hast commanded by thy servants the prophets, saying, The land, unto which ye go to possess it, is an unclean land with the filthiness of the people of the lands, with their abominations, which have filled it from one end to another with their uncleanness.

by = by the hand of.
filthiness. Showing Ezra's acquaintance with the Pentateuch. Compare Genesis 15:16 . Deuteronomy 9:5 .

12.

Now therefore give not your daughters unto their sons, neither take their daughters unto your sons, nor seek their peace or their wealth for ever: that ye may be strong, and eat the good of the land, and leave it for an inheritance to your children for ever.

nor seek their peace. Reference to Pentateuch: the very words of Deuteronomy 23:6 .
children = sons.

13.

And after all that is come upon us for our evil deeds, and for our great trespass, seeing that thou our God hast punished us less than our iniquities deserve, and hast given us such deliverance as this;

evil. Heb, ra'a'. App-44 .
such deliverance: or, such a reserved survival.

14.

Should we again break thy commandments, and join in affinity with the people of these abominations? wouldest not thou be angry with us till thou hadst consumed us, so that there should be no remnant nor escaping?

Should we . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis.

15.

O LORD God of Israel, thou art righteous: for we remain yet escaped, as it is this day: behold, we are before thee in our trespasses: for we cannot stand before thee because of this.

we remain yet escaped: or, we are left but a remnant that is escaped. Compare Nehemiah 1:2 , Nehemiah 1:3 .
behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6 .