In those days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in; for unto that day all their inheritance had not fallen unto them among the tribes of Israel.
In those days there was no king in Israel: and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in; for unto that day all their inheritance had not fallen unto them among the tribes of Israel.
those days. Numbers 17 and Numbers 21 , thought by some to record earlier events in the days of Othniel by Figure of speech Hysteresis ( App-6 ). See note on Judges 17:1 , and Structure.
no king. No true "house of God" religiously (Judges 17:5 ), leads to "no king" nationally (Judges 18:1 ); and nationally to apostasy. See note on Judges 18:6 , above.
Danites. See note on Genesis 49:17 .
And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts, men of valour, from Zorah, and from Eshtaol, to spy out the land, and to search it; and they said unto them, Go, search the land: who when they came to mount Ephraim, to the house of Micah, they lodged there.
children = sons.
coasts = borders.
men of valour = sons of valour.
mount = hill country of.
When they were by the house of Micah, they knew the voice of the young man the Levite: and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here?
the young man. Compare Judges 17:7 .
makest = doest.
And he said unto them, Thus and thus dealeth Micah with me, and hath hired me, and I am his priest.
And they said unto him, Ask counsel, we pray thee, of God, that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous.
Ask counsel. By the use of the ephod. See Judges 17:6 .
God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4 . Not Jehovah. App-4 .
And the priest said unto them, Go in peace: before the LORD is your way wherein ye go.
Then the five men departed, and came to Laish, and saw the people that were therein, how they dwelt careless, after the manner of the Zidonians, quiet and secure; and there was no magistrate in the land, that might put them to shame in any thing; and they were far from the Zidonians, and had no business with any man.
Laish. Called Leshem. Joshua 19:47 .
quiet and secure. Probably arising from the enervating effects of malaria now endemic there. If so, it may be identified with Tel-el-kadi in the feverridden district at the head of the Jordan.
man = Hebrew. 'adam. App-14 .
And they came unto their brethren to Zorah and Eshtaol: and their brethren said unto them, What say ye?
the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4 .
And they said, Arise, that we may go up against them: for we have seen the land, and, behold, it is very good: and are ye still? be not slothful to go, and to enter to possess the land.
behold. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6 .
When ye go, ye shall come unto a people secure, and to a large land: for God hath given it into your hands; a place where there is no want of any thing that is in the earth.
And there went from thence of the family of the Danites, out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol, six hundred men appointed with weapons of war.
appointed = girded.
And they went up, and pitched in Kirjath-jearim, in Judah: wherefore they called that place Mahaneh-dan unto this day: behold, it is behind Kirjath-jearim.
Mahaneh-dan = camp of Dan (Judges 13:25 ).
And they passed thence unto mount Ephraim, and came unto the house of Micah.
Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish, and said unto their brethren, Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod, and teraphim, and a graven image, and a molten image? now therefore consider what ye have to do.
Do ye know . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis.
And they turned thitherward, and came to the house of the young man the Levite, even unto the house of Micah, and saluted him.
And the six hundred men appointed with their weapons of war, which were of the children of Dan, stood by the entering of the gate.
And the five men that went to spy out the land went up, and came in thither, and took the graven image, and the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image: and the priest stood in the entering of the gate with the six hundred men that were appointed with weapons of war.
And these went into Micah's house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye?
the ephod. Septuagint reads "and the ephod". Compare Judges 18:17 . The Hebrew text has "the carved image of the ephod".
And they said unto him, Hold thy peace, lay thine hand upon thy mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest: is it better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man, or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel?
lay thine hand, &c. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct) for "be silent".
better. Man's priest soon gets promotion.
And the priest's heart was glad, and he took the ephod, and the teraphim, and the graven image, and went in the midst of the people.
and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton. App-6 .
So they turned and departed, and put the little ones and the cattle and the carriage before them.
carriage = goods. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Adjunct) for things carried.
And when they were a good way from the house of Micah, the men that were in the houses near to Micah's house were gathered together, and overtook the children of Dan.
And they cried unto the children of Dan. And they turned their faces, and said unto Micah, What aileth thee, that thou comest with such a company?
that thou comest, &c. Hebrew "that thou hast called thyself out".
And he said, Ye have taken away my gods which I made, and the priest, and ye are gone away: and what have I more? and what is this that ye say unto me, What aileth thee?
And the children of Dan said unto him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows run upon thee, and thou lose thy life, with the lives of thy household.
life = soul. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13 .
And the children of Dan went their way: and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back unto his house.
And they took the things which Micah had made, and the priest which he had, and came unto Laish, unto a people that were at quiet and secure: and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and burnt the city with fire.
unto. Some codices, with one early printed edition, and Septuagint read "as far as".
And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no business with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Beth-rehob. And they built a city, and dwelt therein.
business = dealings.
And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the city was Laish at the first.
after the name. Compare Joshua 19 .
And the children of Dan set up the graven image: and Jonathan, the son of Gershom, the son of Manasseh, he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land.
set up. On account of this, Dan is not named in Revelation 7 , and Ephraim is there merged in Joseph.
Manasseh. This word is one of the four that has a suspended letter. Here the letter, nun (n), is written partly in the line and partly above the line, to show that originally it formed no part of the word, but was put in to make it spell "Manasseh" instead of "Moses". Jonathan was the grandson of Moses (his contemporary Phinehas, the grandson of Aaron, being mentioned in Judges 20:28 ). This was done for two reasons: (1) to spare the honour of Moses' memory and name; (2) to put the sin upon one who committed so gross a sin. The Talmud gives this latter as the reason. Jonathan's name is omitted in 1 Chronicles 23:15 , 1 Chronicles 23:16 , and 1 Chronicles 26:24 . The Chaldee paraphrase says that "Shebuel", there substituted, is meant for Jonathan after his repentance and restoration. Shebuel = "he returned to God". The Authorized Version follows Septuagint and Chaldee by putting "Manasseh" in the text; Revised Version follows Vulgate, and those codices and early editions which have "n" suspended, by putting "Moses" in the text and "Manasseh" in the margin.
And they set them up Micah's graven image, which he made, all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh.
the house Of God: i.e. the Tabernacle of Moses, but not recognized as the house of Jehovah, the Covenant God.