But it came to pass, that when Sanballat heard that we builded the wall, he was wroth, and took great indignation, and mocked the Jews.
But it came to pass, that when Sanballat heard that we builded the wall, he was wroth, and took great indignation, and mocked the Jews.
But = And.
SanbalLatin See note on Nehemiah 2:10 .
builded = were building.
wroth. The third form of opposition. See note on Nehemiah 2:10 .
And he spake before his brethren and the army of Samaria, and said, What do these feeble Jews? will they fortify themselves? will they sacrifice? will they make an end in a day? will they revive the stones out of the heaps of the rubbish which are burned?
army = force.
What . . . ? Figure of speech Erotesis. App-6 .
fortify. Hebrew. Homonym, 'azab. See note on Exodus 23:5 . Margin note of Authorized Version and Revised Version neither needed nor correct.
will they sacrifice? Showing that no altar was as yet built or sacrificial worship being carried on.
Now Tobiah the Ammonite was by him, and he said, Even that which they build, if a fox go up, he shall even break down their stone wall.
Tobiah. See note on Nehemiah 2:10 .
Hear, O our God; for we are despised: and turn their reproach upon their own head, and give them for a prey in the land of captivity:
Hear. turn. Figure of speech Apostrophe. Nehemiah's prayer an echo of Psalms 120, 121, 123:Psalms 120:3-4 , 124, 125, 127, and 129. In accord with that dispensation.
God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4 .
despised = become a taunt.
captivity. Some codices, with six early printed editions and Syriac, read "their captivity".
And cover not their iniquity, and let not their sin be blotted out from before thee: for they have provoked thee to anger before the builders.
cover not. Hebrew. kasah = conceal not. Not kaphar, to cover by atonement.
sin. Hebrew. chata'. App-44 .
So built we the wall; and all the wall was joined together unto the half thereof: for the people had a mind to work.
unto the half. The circuit complete to half the height.
mind = heart.
But it came to pass, that when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and the Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard that the walls of Jerusalem were made up, and that the breaches began to be stopped, then they were very wroth,
But. In Hebrew text, Neh 4 begins here.
and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton ( App-6 ), for emphasis.
stopped = repaired. So the only other occurrence of the Hebrew (2 Chronicles 24:13 ).
And conspired all of them together to come and to fight against Jerusalem, and to hinder it.
hinder = cause a miscarriage.
Nevertheless we made our prayer unto our God, and set a watch against them day and night, because of them.
set a watch. The result of the prayer.
And Judah said, The strength of the bearers of burdens is decayed, and there is much rubbish; so that we are not able to build the wall.
are not = shall not.
And our adversaries said, They shall not know, neither see, till we come in the midst among them, and slay them, and cause the work to cease.
cause, &c. = suspend the work.
And it came to pass, that when the Jews which dwelt by them came, they said unto us ten times, From all places whence ye shall return unto us they will be upon you.
by = close to.
ten times. Compare Genesis 31:7 .
they will be upon you. Figure of speech Ellipsis ( App-6 ). Render: "From all quarters to which ye will turn [they will be] upon us".
Therefore set I in the lower places behind the wall, and on the higher places, I even set the people after their families with their swords, their spears, and their bows.
the lower places behind: or, the lowest parts of the space behind.
And I looked, and rose up, and said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the rest of the people, Be not ye afraid of them: remember the Lord, which is great and terrible, and fight for your brethren, your sons, and your daughters, your wives, and your houses.
rulers. See note on Nehemiah 2:16 .
the LORD * = Jehovah. One of the 134 places where the Sopherim altered Jehovah to Adonai. See App-32 , and compare App-4 .
And it came to pass, when our enemies heard that it was known unto us, and God had brought their counsel to nought, that we returned all of us to the wall, every one unto his work.
brought, &c. Compare Job 5:12 ; Psalms 33:10 .
one = man. Hebrew. 'ish .
And it came to pass from that time forth, that the half of my servants wrought in the work, and the other half of them held both the spears, the shields, and the bows, and the habergeons; and the rulers were behind all the house of Judah.
servants = young men.
habergeons = corselets or coats of mail.
rulers = princes. Hebrew sar.
behind. To encourage, and help if needed.
They which builded on the wall, and they that bare burdens, with those that laded, every one with one of his hands wrought in the work, and with the other hand held a weapon.
For the builders, every one had his sword girded by his side, and so builded. And he that sounded the trumpet was by me.
For = And.
And I said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the rest of the people, The work is great and large, and we are separated upon the wall, one far from another.
In what place therefore ye hear the sound of the trumpet, resort ye thither unto us: our God shall fight for us.
So we laboured in the work: and half of them held the spears from the rising of the morning till the stars appeared.
Likewise at the same time said I unto the people, Let every one with his servant lodge within Jerusalem, that in the night they may be a guard to us, and labour on the day.
lodge = pass the night. Few, or no houses yet. See Nehemiah 7:4 ; Nehemiah 13:21 . Compare Hebrew. lun. First occurrence Genesis 19:2 ; Genesis 24:23 , Genesis 24:25 , Genesis 24:54 , &c. See note on Nehemiah 7:4 .
So neither I, nor my brethren, nor my servants, nor the men of the guard which followed me, none of us put off our clothes, saving that every one put them off for washing.
the men of the guard. The Persian guard attached to Nehemiah.
none of us, &c. The Hebrew is literally "none of us put off our clothes; each man went with his weapon (or tool) [and his] water". A single and measured part of the ration "water" being put for the whole. Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Part), App-6 ; just as we use "salt" for "salary", because it was once the most important part of the salary. Or, the water may have been required for making the mortar. The Figure of speech is used to emphasize the exigency of the circumstances. The text is thus not "defective".