Now when Ezra had prayed, and when he had confessed, weeping and casting himself down before the house of God, there assembled unto him out of Israel a very great congregation of men and women and children: for the people wept very sore.
Now when Ezra had prayed, and when he had confessed, weeping and casting himself down before the house of God, there assembled unto him out of Israel a very great congregation of men and women and children: for the people wept very sore.
when Ezra had prayed. Note the change to the third person. This does not imply another authorship. Such changes are common. Compare Isaiah 6:5-8 ; Isaiah 7:3 ; Isaiah 37:6 with other passages. Also Jeremiah 20:1-6 with Ezra 10:7 ; and Jeremiah 21:1 with Jeremiah 28:1 , Jeremiah 28:5 .
God. Hebrew. Elohim. (with Art.) = the [true] God. App-4 .
Israel. Compare Ezra 1:5 .Ezra 2:2 , Ezra 2:59 , Ezra 2:70 ; Ezra 6:21 ; Ezra 7:10 , Ezra 7:13 ; Ezra 8:25 ; Ezra 9:1 . See note on 1 Kings 12:17 .
congregation = assembly. Assembled 24th Tisri. Compare Nehemiah 9:3 .
children = little ones. Hebrew. yeled. Not the same word as in Ezra 10:7 .
wept very sore. Hebrew "wept a great weeping". Figure of speech Polyptoton. See note on Genesis 26:28 .
And Shechaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Elam, answered and said unto Ezra, We have trespassed against our God, and have taken strange wives of the people of the land: yet now there is hope in Israel concerning this thing.
the sons of Elam. Compare Ezra 10:26 .
answered and said. A Hebrew idiom, by which the first verb "answered" must be rendered according to the context. Here = "confessed and said".
trespassed = acted treacherously. Hebrew. ma'al . App-44 .
people = peoples.
in = for.
Now therefore let us make a covenant with our God to put away all the wives, and such as are born of them, according to the counsel of my lord, and of those that tremble at the commandment of our God; and let it be done according to the law.
such as are born. It does not appear that Shechaniah's proposal was carried out. Compare verses: Ezra 10:11 , Ezra 10:14 .
counsel. See Psalms 33:11 ; Psalms 73:24 ; Psalms 106:13 .Proverbs 8:14 ; Proverbs 19:21 .Isaiah 46:10 , Isaiah 46:11 .
my LORD* = Jehovah. One of the 134 places where Jehovah was altered by the Sopherim to Adonay. See App-32 and App-4 .
tremble. Compare Ezra 9:4 .
according to the law. See Deuteronomy 24:1 , Deuteronomy 24:2 .
Arise; for this matter belongeth unto thee: we also will be with thee: be of good courage, and do it.
Arise. It would seem that Ezra continued kneeling.
Then arose Ezra, and made the chief priests, the Levites, and all Israel, to swear that they should do according to this word. And they sware.
the chief priests = the princes of the priests. Compare 2 Chronicles 36:14 .
the Levites. Some codices, with one early printed edition, read "and the Levites".
Then Ezra rose up from before the house of God, and went into the chamber of Johanan the son of Eliashib: and when he came thither, he did eat no bread, nor drink water: for he mourned because of the transgression of them that had been carried away.
Then Ezra rose up. In response to Shechaniah.
Johanan. The son of Eliashib, the high priest who succeeded Joiakim, the successor of Jeshua (Nehemiah 12:10 , Nehemiah 12:23 ).
came thither. According to Syriac and Arabic = "lodged (or spent the night) there".
mourned. Compare the first occurance of Hebrew ' abal . Genesis 37:34 .
transgression = unfaithfulness. Hebrew. ma'al. App-44 . Compare Ezra 10:2 ; Ezra 10:10 .
And they made proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem unto all the children of the captivity, that they should gather themselves together unto Jerusalem;
And that whosoever would not come within three days, according to the counsel of the princes and the elders, all his substance should be forfeited, and himself separated from the congregation of those that had been carried away.
forfeited = devoted.
carried away = into captivity.
Then all the men of Judah and Benjamin gathered themselves together unto Jerusalem within three days. It was the ninth month, on the twentieth day of the month; and all the people sat in the street of the house of God, trembling because of this matter, and for the great rain.
And Ezra the priest stood up, and said unto them, Ye have transgressed, and have taken strange wives, to increase the trespass of Israel.
trespass. Hebrew. 'ashah. See note on Ezra 9:6 .
Now therefore make confession unto the LORD God of your fathers, and do his pleasure: and separate yourselves from the people of the land, and from the strange wives.
the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4 .
Then all the congregation answered and said with a loud voice, As thou hast said, so must we do.
As thou hast said = according to thy words. Hebrew margin reads "word".
But the people are many, and it is a time of much rain, and we are not able to stand without, neither is this a work of one day or two: for we are many that have transgressed in this thing.
a time of much rain = the rainy season.
transgressed = rebelled. Hebrew. pasha'. App-44 .
Let now our rulers of all the congregation stand, and let all them which have taken strange wives in our cities come at appointed times, and with them the elders of every city, and the judges thereof, until the fierce wrath of our God for this matter be turned from us.
rulers = princes.
for. Hebrew. 'ad = "until", as in the previous clause. Translate and supply Figure of speech Ellipsis ( App-6 ) thus: "until the fierce wrath of our God be turned from us, until this matter [be carried out]".
Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahaziah the son of Tikvah were employed about this matter: and Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite helped them.
Only = But, or. Nevertheless.
Tikvah. Compare 2 Kings 22:14 and 1Ch 34:22 .
were employed, &c. = superintended [the business].
And the children of the captivity did so. And Ezra the priest, with certain chief of the fathers, after the house of their fathers, and all of them by their names, were separated, and sat down in the first day of the tenth month to examine the matter.
certain = men. Hebrew. 'enosh. App-14 .
chief = heads.
And they made an end with all the men that had taken strange wives by the first day of the first month.
the first day of the first month. See note on Genesis 8:13 . Ezra's last date. The commission, therefore, sat for eighty-eight days.
And among the sons of the priests there were found that had taken strange wives: namely, of the sons of Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren; Maaseiah, and Eliezer, and Jarib, and Gedaliah.
And they gave their hands that they would put away their wives; and being guilty, they offered a ram of the flock for their trespass.
gave their hands. Hebrew idiom for giving their word. Compare 2 Kings 10:15 .
being guilty. Compare Leviticus 5:1 .
a ram. See Leviticus 5:14-19 .
And of the sons of Immer; Hanani, and Zebadiah.
And of the sons of Harim; Maaseiah, and Elijah, and Shemaiah, and Jehiel, and Uzziah.
And of the sons of Pashur; Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethaneel, Jozabad, and Elasah.
Nethaneel. Some codices, with five early printed editions, read "and Nethaneel".
Also of the Levites; Jozabad, and Shimei, and Kelaiah, (the same is Kelita,) Pethahiah, Judah, and Eliezer.
Of the singers also; Eliashib: and of the porters; Shallum, and Telem, and Uri.
Moreover of Israel: of the sons of Parosh; Ramiah, and Jeziah, and Malchiah, and Miamin, and Eleazar, and Malchijah, and Benaiah.
And of the sons of Elam; Mattaniah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, and Abdi, and Jeremoth, and Eliah.
And of the sons of Zattu; Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, and Jeremoth, and Zabad, and Aziza.
Of the sons also of Bebai; Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai, and Athlai.
And of the sons of Bani; Meshullam, Malluch, and Adaiah, Jashub, and Sheal, and Ramoth.
and Bamoth. Hebrew text reads "Jeremoth". Margin reads "and Ramoth".
And of the sons of Pahath-moab; Adna, and Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezaleel, and Binnui, and Manasseh.
And of the sons of Harim; Eliezer, Ishijah, Malchiah, Shemaiah, Shimeon,
of. Some codices, with one early printed edition, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulg, have this word "of" in the text.
Benjamin, Malluch, and Shemariah.
Of the sons of Hashum; Mattenai, Mattathah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei.
Of the sons of Bani; Maadai, Amram, and Uel,
Benaiah, Bedeiah, Chelluh,
Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib,
Mattaniah, Mattenai, and Jaasau,
And Bani, and Binnui, Shimei,
And Shelemiah, and Nathan, and Adaiah,
Machnadebai, Shashai, Sharai,
Azareel, and Shelemiah, Shemariah,
Shallum, Amariah, and Joseph.
Of the sons of Nebo; Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Jadau, and Joel, Benaiah.
All these had taken strange wives: and some of them had wives by whom they had children.
strange = foreign.
Thus ends the first part of this book "Ezra-Nehemiah"; not abruptly; as it is followed by the second part, which is concerned mainly with the rebuilding of the city and the walls, instead of with the Temple. The incidents recorded in Nehemiah 1:1 Nehemiah 7:4 had taken place before the first return under Zerubbabel, See the Structures and notes on pp 617, 618, and App-58 . Compare also Nehemiah 7:4 with Haggai 1:1-4 .