1.
And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4 .
spake. See note on Leviticus 5:14 .
2.
Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, Concerning the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, even these are my feasts.
children. Hebrew sons.
feasts of the LORD. This was their primal name; but in the day of Christ ' s rejection they had become "feasts of the Jews". John 5:1 ; John 2:13 ; John 6:4 ; John 11:55 .
proclaim. Cause to be [publicly] heard. Occurs outside the Pentateuch only in Nehemiah.
holy. See note on Exodus 3:5 .
convocation = a calling together, assembly.
3.
Six days shall work be done: but the seventh day is the sabbath of rest, an holy convocation; ye shall do no work therein: it is the sabbath of the LORD in all your dwellings.
sabbath of rest. See note on Exodus 16:23 .
4.
These are the feasts of the LORD, even holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons.
These are the feasts: thus marking the sabbath offering as distinct.
feasts = Hebrew appointed seasons.
feasts of the LORD. This was their true character. But in our Lord ' s day they had degenerated into "feasts of the Jews" (John 2:13 ; John 5:1 ; John 6:4 ; John 11:55 ).
5.
In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the LORD's passover.
first month: called in Pentateuch "Abib" (Exodus 13:4 ; Exodus 23:15 ; Exodus 34:18 . Deuteronomy 16:1 ); and "Nisan" in later books (Nehemiah 2:1 .Esther 3:7; Esther 3:7 ) = about beginning of April.
at even: any time from sunset of one day till sunrise of the second day. Hebrew "between the evenings".
the LORD'S [Hebrew. Jehovah. s]
passover. This is the first of the Feasts; Tabernacles is the seventh. First, redemption; last, rest. Redemption is the title to rest.
6.
And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread.
unleavened. Note the exception in Leviticus 23:17 , and see note there.
7.
In the first day ye shall have an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
servile = laborious.
8.
But ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD seven days: in the seventh day is an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
offer = bring near. Hebrew. karab. App-43 .
offering. Hebrew. 'ishsheh. App-43 .
in. Some codices, with Samaritan Pentateuch, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate, read "and on (or in)".
9.
And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
10.
Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the priest:
When ye be come. See note on Leviticus 14:34 .
sheaf. The Antitype is Christ, the firstfruits. 1 Corinthians 15:23 .
11.
And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD, to be accepted for you: on the morrow after the sabbath the priest shall wave it.
wave. See note on Exodus 29:27 .
12.
And ye shall offer that day when ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without blemish of the first year for a burnt offering unto the LORD.
offer = prepare. Hebrew. 'asah. App-43 .
that day. All these offerings were without leaven. Compare Leviticus 23:17 . Leviticus 23:13 sweet savour = savour of satisfaction. See note on Genesis 8:21 .
wine. Hebrew. yayin. App-27 .
13.
And the meat offering thereof shall be two tenth deals of fine flour mingled with oil, an offering made by fire unto the LORD for a sweet savour: and the drink offering thereof shall be of wine, the fourth part of an hin.
14.
And ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought an offering unto your God: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
offering. Hebrew. korban. See App-43 .
God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4 .
statute for ever. See Leviticus 23:21 ; Leviticus 3:17 ; Leviticus 6:18 , Leviticus 6:22 ; Leviticus 7:34 ; Leviticus 10:9 , Leviticus 10:15 ; Leviticus 24:8 , Leviticus 24:9 . Exodus 12:14 ; Exodus 29:28 ; Exodus 30:21 .Numbers 18:8 , Numbers 18:11 , Numbers 18:19 . Jeremiah 5:22 , &c.
15.
And ye shall count unto you from the morrow after the sabbath, from the day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven sabbaths shall be complete:
seven sabbaths = seven weeks. Compare Luke 18:12 .Matthew 28:1 . Hence the name "feast of weeks" in Old Testament. Exodus 34:22 .Deuteronomy 16:10 , Deuteronomy 16:16 ; 2 Chronicles 8:13 .
16.
Even unto the morrow after the seventh sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a new meat offering unto the LORD.
fifty days. Hence the name Pentecost. Acts 2:1 ; Act 20:16 . 1 Corinthians 16:8 .
meat offering = meal offering. See note on Leviticus 2:1 .
17.
Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave loaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baken with leaven; they are the firstfruits unto the LORD.
with leaven. This great exception is made because the antitype is not Christ but human kind, and not without sin. "They that are Christ ' s", 1 Corinthians 15:23 . Compare Leviticus 23:6 and Leviticus 23:10 above.
18.
And ye shall offer with the bread seven lambs without blemish of the first year, and one young bullock, and two rams: they shall be for a burnt offering unto the LORD, with their meat offering, and their drink offerings, even an offering made by fire, of sweet savour unto the LORD.
19.
Then ye shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings.
sacrifice = prepare; same as "offer" in Leviticus 23:12 .
20.
And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the firstfruits for a wave offering before the LORD, with the two lambs: they shall be holy to the LORD for the priest.
21.
And ye shall proclaim on the selfsame day, that it may be an holy convocation unto you: ye shall do no servile work therein: it shall be a statute for ever in all your dwellings throughout your generations.
22.
And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them unto the poor, and to the stranger: I am the LORD your God.
harvest. In the Antitype = "the end" or the remainder. 1 Corinthians 15:24 .
23.
And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
24.
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, in the first day of the month, shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, an holy convocation.
25.
Ye shall do no servile work therein: but ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
26.
And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
27.
Also on the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
atonement. See note on Exodus 29:33 .
afflict = humble.
your souls = yourselves. Hebrew. nephesh. App-13 .
28.
And ye shall do no work in that same day: for it is a day of atonement, to make an atonement for you before the LORD your God.
29.
For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from among his people.
soul = person. Hebrew. n ephesh. App-13 .
afflicted = humbled. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of the Adjunct), for the outward sign of it. App-6 .
cut off. See note on Leviticus 7:20 .
30.
And whatsoever soul it be that doeth any work in that same day, the same soul will I destroy from among his people.
31.
Ye shall do no manner of work: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations in all your dwellings.
work. Some codices, with Samaritan Pentateuch, Syriac, and "Vulgate, add "therefore".
32.
It shall be unto you a sabbath of rest, and ye shall afflict your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath.
celebrate your sabbath. See note on Exodus 16:23 .
33.
And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
34.
Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh month shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto the LORD.
tabernacles = booths. Hebrew. sukkoth = a lodge in a garden. Isaiah 1:8 , "cottage".
35.
On the first day shall be an holy convocation: ye shall do no servile work therein.
servile = laborious.
36.
Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: on the eighth day shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a solemn assembly; and ye shall do no servile work therein.
on. Some codices, with Samaritan Pentateuch, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate, read "and on".
37.
These are the feasts of the LORD, which ye shall proclaim to be holy convocations, to offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD, a burnt offering, and a meat offering, a sacrifice, and drink offerings, every thing upon his day:
These are the feasts of the LORD: viz. the above-mentioned festivals. See Structure (Leviticus 23:1 , p. 165).
38.
Beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto the LORD.
sabbaths. Put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of the Adjunct), App-6 , for the sacrifices offered on the sabbath. See note on Leviticus 25:6 .
39.
Also in the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when ye have gathered in the fruit of the land, ye shall keep a feast unto the LORD seven days: on the first day shall be a sabbath, and on the eighth day shall be a sabbath.
feast = festival.
40.
And ye shall take you on the first day the boughs of goodly trees, branches of palm trees, and the boughs of thick trees, and willows of the brook; and ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days.
before the LORD. Hebrew before the face of Jehovah ( App-4 ). Figure of speech Pleonasm. App-6 . = in the presence of.
41.
And ye shall keep it a feast unto the LORD seven days in the year. It shall be a statute for ever in your generations: ye shall celebrate it in the seventh month.
in = throughout.
42.
Ye shall dwell in booths seven days; all that are Israelites born shall dwell in booths:
in booths. In Hebrew, the verse begins and ends with these words, for emphasis, by the Figure of speech Epanadiplosis. App-6 .
43.
That your generations may know that I made the children of Israel to dwell in booths, when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God.
44.
And Moses declared unto the children of Israel the feasts of the LORD.
declared: according to verse Leviticus 23:2 .
feasts = appointed seasons.