1.
Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ:
justified . See Romans 2:13 . App-191 .
by . App-104 .
faith . App-150 ., i.e. on faith-principle. See Romans 1:17 .
we have peace . The Revised Version "let us have peace" is not warranted. The apostle's teaching is plain. Having been justified, therefore we have peace with God.
with . App-104 .
God . App-98 .
through . App-104 .Romans 5:1 .
Lord . App-98 .
Jesus Christ . App-98 .
2.
By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand, and rejoice in hope of the glory of God.
also . Read after "access".
have = have had, have obtained.
access . Literally the introduction. Greek. prosagoge, Only here and Ephesians 2:18 ; Ephesians 3:12 .
by . Dat. No preposition.
grace . See Romans 1:5 .
wherein = in (Greek. en) which.
rejoice . Same as "boast", Romans 2:17 .
glory . See Romans 1:23 with Romans 4:20 .
3.
And not only so, but we glory in tribulations also: knowing that tribulation worketh patience;
glory . . . also = rejoice (as Romans 5:2 ) also in &c.
tribulations = the afflictions. Greek. thlipsis. See Acts 7:10 .
knowing . App-132 .
worketh . See Romans 1:27 .
4.
And patience, experience; and experience, hope:
experience. Greek. dokime. Here; 2Co 2:9 ; 2 Corinthians 8:2 ; 2 Corinthians 9:13 ; 2 Corinthians 13:3 .Philippians 1:2 , Philippians 1:22 .
hope . Compare Titus 2:13 . See Romans 4:18 .
5.
And hope maketh not ashamed; because the love of God is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost which is given unto us.
maketh . . . ashamed = causeth shame. Greek. kataischuno. Here, Romans 9:33 ; Romans 10:11 .Luke 13:17 . 1Co 1:27 ; 1 Corinthians 11:4 , 1 Corinthians 11:5 , 1Co 11:22 ; 2 Corinthians 7:14 ; 2 Corinthians 9:4 . 1 Peter 2:6 ; 1 Peter 3:16 .
love . App-135 .
is shed abroad . Greek. ekchuno. See Acts 1:18 ; Acts 10:45 .
Holy Ghost . App-101 .
is = was.
unto = to.
6.
For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly.
without strength . Greek. asthenes.
due time = season. Compare Galatians 1:4 , Galatians 1:4 .
Christ . App-98 .
ungodly . See Romans 4:5 .
7.
For scarcely for a righteous man will one die: yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die.
scarcely . Greek. molis . See Acts 14:18 .
righteous . App-191 .
one . App-123 .
yet = for.
peradventure . Greek. tacha. Only here and Philemon 1:15 .
some = one. See above.
dare = venture.
8.
But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.
commendeth . See Romans 3:5 . In this verse the subject of the sentence comes last, and reads "commendeth His own love toward us God", giving the Figure of speech Hyperbaton ( App-6 ), for emphasis.
toward . Greek. eis . App-104 .
in that = because.
sinners . Greek. hamartolos. Compare App-128 .
9.
Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him.
blood . Compare Romans 5:1 with Romans 3:24 .
saved . First of eight occurances in Romans.
wrath . See Romans 1:18 . 1 Thessalonians 1:10 .
10.
For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life.
if. Greek. ei . App-118 .
enemies . Note the Figure of speech Catabasis, App-6 ; without strength, sinners, enemies verses: Romans 5:6 , Romans 5:8 , Romans 5:10 .
reconciled . Greek. katallasso, a more intensive word than allasso (Romans 1:23 ). Elsewhere, 1 Corinthians 7:11 . 2Co 5:18 , 2 Corinthians 5:19 , 2 Corinthians 5:20 .
Son . App-108 . Compare Romans 6:10 . Galatians 1:2 , Galatians 1:19 , Galatians 1:20 .
life . App-170 .
11.
And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement.
joy = rejoice (Romans 5:2 ).
atonement = reconciliation, restoration to favour. Greek. katallage, Here, Romans 11:15 . 2 Corinthians 5:18 , 2 Corinthians 5:19 .
12.
Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned:
Wherefore = On account of ( App-104 .Romans 5:2; Romans 5:2 ) this. Having described the fruits of sin, the apostle now goes on to deal with the root.
as = just as.
man . App-123 . Compare 1 Corinthians 15:21 .
sin . App-128 .
world . App-129 .
death, &c . = by means of sin, death.
passed = passed through.
upon = unto. App-104 .
for that = because. Greek. eph ' ( App-104 .) ho .
have . Omit.
sinned . i.e. in Adam, as representative. See Romans 3:23 . App-128 .
13.
(For until the law sin was in the world: but sin is not imputed when there is no law.
imputed . Not the same word as in Romans 4:6 , &c. Greek. ellogeo. Only here and Philemon 1:18 .
when, &c . = there not (Greek. me) being law.
14.
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come.
to = until. Greek. mechri.
Moses . Occurs twenty-two times in the Epistles. Compare Matthew 8:4 .
similitude = likeness. See Romans 1:23 .
transgression . Greek. parabasis. See Romans 2:23 .
the = a. figure. Greek. tupos . See John 20:25 .
Him . . . come = The Coming One. A well-known Hebraism for the Messiah. See Matthew 11:3 . Adam was a type ( App-6 ) as the federal head of a new-created race.
15.
But not as the offence, so also is the free gift. For if through the offence of one many be dead, much more the grace of God, and the gift by grace, which is by one man, Jesus Christ, hath abounded unto many.
offence . App-128 . See Romans 4:25 .
free gift . App-184 .
through = by. Dative. No preposition.
one, many = the one, the many.
be dead = died.
gift . Greek. dorea. See John 4:10 .
by = of. Genitive case.
hath . Omit.
abounded . See Romans 3:7 .
16.
And not as it was by one that sinned, so is the gift: for the judgment was by one to condemnation, but the free gift is of many offences unto justification.
And not, &c . Read, And not as by means of one having sinned is the free gift; for the judgment indeed of one (was) unto condemnation; but the free gift is of (or resulted from) many transgressions unto justification.
gift . Greek. dorema . Not the same word as Romans 5:15 . Occurs only here and James 1:17 .
judgment . Greek. krima. App-177 .
condemnation . Greek. katakrima. Only here, Romans 5:18 ; Romans 8:1 . Compare App-122 .; Rom 177:6 .
justification . Greek. dikaioma, a righteous acquittal. App-191 .
17.
For if by one man's offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ.)
For . . . one = For if by the trespass of the one, death reigned through the one.
by . Dative. No preposition.
abundance = the abundance. Greek. perisseia. Here, 2Co 8:2 ; 2 Corinthians 10:15 .James 1:21 .
righteousness . See Romans 1:17 .
18.
Therefore as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life.
Therefore, &c . = So then as by means of one (act of) transgression (sentence came) upon all men unto condemnation, even so by means of one righteous act also (the free gift came) upon all men to justification of life.
righteousness of one = one righteous act. Greek. dikaioma. App-191 ., as Romans 5:16 . Add "also".
justification . Greek. dikaiosis. App-191 .
of = issuing in. App-17 .
19.
For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.
disobedience . App-128 . Romans 5:2 .
many = the many.
made = constituted.
so = so also.
obedience . The obedience unto death of Philippians 1:2 , Philippians 1:8 . This was the one righteous act of Romans 5:18 .
20.
Moreover the law entered, that the offence might abound. But where sin abounded, grace did much more abound:
entered . Literally came in beside. Greek. pareiserchomai, Only here and Galatians 1:2 , Galatians 1:4 .
that = in order that. Greek. hina .
abound = multiply. Greek. pleonazo. Here, Romans 6:1 . 2 Corinthians 4:15 ; 2 Corinthians 8:15 .Philippians 1:4 , Philippians 1:17 . 1Th 3:12 . 2 Thessalonians 1:3 . 2 Peter 1:8 .
did much more abound = superabounded. Greek. huperperisseuo. Only here and 2 Corinthians 7:4 .
21.
That as sin hath reigned unto death, even so might grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life by Jesus Christ our Lord.
hath. Omit.
even so, &c . = so might grace also.
eternal . App-151 .