1.
And David fled from Naioth in Ramah, and came and said before Jonathan, What have I done? what is mine iniquity? and what is my sin before thy father, that he seeketh my life?
fled: 1 Samuel 19:19-24, 1 Samuel 23:26-28, Psalms 124:6-8, 2 Peter 2:9
What have: 1 Samuel 12:3, 1 Samuel 24:11, 1 Samuel 24:17, Psalms 7:3-5, Psalms 18:20-24, 2 Corinthians 1:12, 1 John 3:21
Reciprocal: Numbers 35:20 - by laying 2 Samuel 4:8 - sought Psalms 7:4 - without Hebrews 11:34 - escaped
2.
And he said unto him, God forbid; thou shalt not die: behold, my father will do nothing either great or small, but that he will shew it me: and why should my father hide this thing from me? it is not so.
God forbid: 1 Samuel 14:45, Genesis 44:7, Joshua 22:29, Joshua 24:16, Luke 20:16
show it me: Heb. uncover mine ear, 1 Samuel 20:12, 1 Samuel 9:15, *marg. Psalms 40:6, Isaiah 50:5, John 15:15, John 17:8
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 19:2 - Jonathan 1 Samuel 22:8 - showeth me 2 Samuel 1:23 - pleasant
3.
And David sware moreover, and said, Thy father certainly knoweth that I have found grace in thine eyes; and he saith, Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved: but truly as the LORD liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.
sware: Deuteronomy 6:13, Jeremiah 4:2, Hebrews 6:16
but truly: 1 Samuel 25:26, 1 Samuel 27:1, 2 Samuel 15:21, 2 Kings 2:2, 2 Kings 2:4, 2 Kings 2:6
as thy soul: 1 Samuel 1:26, 1 Samuel 17:55, Jeremiah 38:16
but a step: 1 Samuel 27:1, Deuteronomy 28:66, Psalms 116:3, 1 Corinthians 15:30, 1 Corinthians 15:31, 2 Corinthians 1:9, 2 Corinthians 1:10
Reciprocal: Genesis 26:31 - sware Genesis 27:2 - I know not Genesis 33:10 - if now Genesis 42:15 - By the life Numbers 32:5 - if we have 1 Samuel 2:6 - he bringeth 1 Samuel 29:6 - the Lord 2 Samuel 11:11 - as thou livest 2 Samuel 14:19 - As thy soul 2 Samuel 14:22 - I have found 1 Kings 17:12 - As the Lord Psalms 118:13 - General Psalms 119:87 - almost Psalms 119:109 - My soul 2 Corinthians 1:8 - insomuch
4.
Then said Jonathan unto David, Whatsoever thy soul desireth, I will even do it for thee.
Whatsoever: etc. or, Say what is thy mind, and I will do, etc
desireth: Heb. speaketh, or thinketh
5.
And David said unto Jonathan, Behold, to morrow is the new moon, and I should not fail to sit with the king at meat: but let me go, that I may hide myself in the field unto the third day at even.
the new moon: The months of the Hebrews were lunar months, and they reckoned from one new moon to another: and, as their feasts, particularly the passover, were reckoned according to this, they were very scrupulous in observing the first appearance of each new moon. On these new moons, they offered sacrifices, and feasted together, but the gathering together of all the families of a tribe on such occasions seems to have taken place only once in the year. 1 Samuel 20:6, Numbers 10:10, Numbers 28:11, 2 Kings 4:23, Psalms 81:3, Colossians 2:16
that I may: 1 Samuel 20:19, 1 Samuel 19:2, Psalms 55:12, Proverbs 22:3, John 8:59, Acts 17:14
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 20:18 - new moon
6.
If thy father at all miss me, then say, David earnestly asked leave of me that he might run to Bethlehem his city: for there is a yearly sacrifice there for all the family.
Bethlehem: 1 Samuel 17:58, John 7:42
sacrifice: or, feast, 1 Samuel 9:12, 1 Samuel 16:2-5
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 20:5 - the new moon 1 Samuel 20:28 - General Luke 2:4 - unto
7.
If he say thus, It is well; thy servant shall have peace: but if he be very wroth, then be sure that evil is determined by him.
It is well: Deuteronomy 1:23, 2 Samuel 17:4
evil: 1 Samuel 20:9, 1 Samuel 25:17, Esther 7:7
Reciprocal: Genesis 24:14 - thereby 1 Samuel 20:32 - what hath Psalms 56:5 - all
8.
Therefore thou shalt deal kindly with thy servant; for thou hast brought thy servant into a covenant of the LORD with thee: notwithstanding, if there be in me iniquity, slay me thyself; for why shouldest thou bring me to thy father?
deal kindly: Genesis 24:49, Genesis 47:29, Joshua 2:14, Ruth 1:8, Proverbs 3:3
thou hast: 1 Samuel 20:16, 1 Samuel 18:3, 1 Samuel 23:18
if there be: Joshua 22:22, 2 Samuel 14:32, Psalms 7:4, Psalms 7:5, Acts 25:11
why shouldest: 1 Chronicles 12:17, Psalms 116:11
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 20:31 - send 1 Samuel 22:8 - that my son 1 Samuel 29:8 - But what have 2 Samuel 21:7 - because Psalms 7:3 - if I
9.
And Jonathan said, Far be it from thee: for if I knew certainly that evil were determined by my father to come upon thee, then would not I tell it thee?
then would: 1 Samuel 20:38, 1 Samuel 20:42, 1 Samuel 19:2
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 19:3 - what I see 1 Samuel 20:7 - evil 1 Samuel 25:17 - evil Esther 7:7 - for he saw
10.
Then said David to Jonathan, Who shall tell me? or what if thy father answer thee roughly?
11.
And Jonathan said unto David, Come, and let us go out into the field. And they went out both of them into the field.
12.
And Jonathan said unto David, O LORD God of Israel, when I have sounded my father about to morrow any time, or the third day, and, behold, if there be good toward David, and I then send not unto thee, and shew it thee;
O Lord: This verse is evidently deficient. The LXX have ץסיןע ן וןע ףסבחכ ןיהום, "The Lord God of Israel doth know;" the Syraic and Arabic, "The Lord God of Israel is witness;" either of which makes good sense. But two of Dr. Kennicott's manuscripts supply the word chai, "liveth;" and the text reads thus: "As the Lord God of Israel liveth, when I have sounded my father - if there be good unto David, and I then send not unto thee," etc.; which is a still better sense. Joshua 22:22, Job 31:4, Psalms 17:3, Psalms 139:1-4
sounded: Heb. searched, Proverbs 20:5, Proverbs 25:2, Proverbs 25:3
show it thee: Heb. uncover thine ear, 1 Samuel 20:2
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 23:18 - General
13.
The LORD do so and much more to Jonathan: but if it please my father to do thee evil, then I will shew it thee, and send thee away, that thou mayest go in peace: and the LORD be with thee, as he hath been with my father.
The Lord do: 1 Samuel 3:17, 1 Samuel 25:22, Ruth 1:17, 2 Samuel 3:35, 2 Samuel 19:13, 1 Kings 19:2, 1 Kings 20:10
the Lord be: 1 Samuel 17:37, Joshua 1:5, 1 Chronicles 22:11, 1 Chronicles 22:16, Matthew 28:20, Philippians 4:9
he hath been with my father: 1 Samuel 10:7, 1 Samuel 11:6-13, 1 Samuel 14:47, 2 Samuel 7:15
Reciprocal: Genesis 21:23 - swear Joshua 1:17 - only the Lord 1 Samuel 19:3 - what I see 1 Samuel 22:8 - that my son 1 Kings 1:37 - As the 2 Thessalonians 3:16 - The Lord be
14.
And thou shalt not only while yet I live shew me the kindness of the LORD, that I die not:
the kindness: 2 Samuel 9:3, Ephesians 5:1, Ephesians 5:2
Reciprocal: Genesis 31:44 - let us Genesis 40:14 - show Joshua 2:12 - swear 1 Samuel 20:23 - the matter 1 Samuel 24:21 - Swear 2 Samuel 9:1 - show him
15.
But also thou shalt not cut off thy kindness from my house for ever: no, not when the LORD hath cut off the enemies of David every one from the face of the earth.
thou shalt: 1 Samuel 24:21, 2 Samuel 9:1-7, 2 Samuel 21:7
Reciprocal: Genesis 40:14 - show Joshua 2:12 - swear 1 Samuel 20:23 - the matter
16.
So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, Let the LORD even require it at the hand of David's enemies.
made: Heb. cut, 1 Samuel 18:3, Genesis 15:18
Let the Lord: 1 Samuel 25:22, 1 Samuel 31:2, 2 Samuel 4:7, 2 Samuel 4:8, 2 Samuel 21:8
Reciprocal: Genesis 26:31 - sware Joshua 22:23 - let the Lord 1 Samuel 20:8 - thou hast Jeremiah 40:9 - sware
17.
And Jonathan caused David to swear again, because he loved him: for he loved him as he loved his own soul.
because he loved him: or, by his love toward him
for he loved: 1 Samuel 18:1, 1 Samuel 18:3, Deuteronomy 13:6, 2 Samuel 1:26, Proverbs 18:24
Reciprocal: Genesis 21:23 - swear Genesis 24:3 - swear Genesis 26:31 - sware Joshua 2:12 - swear 2 Samuel 21:7 - because Proverbs 17:17 - General Jeremiah 40:9 - sware
18.
Then Jonathan said to David, To morrow is the new moon: and thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty.
new moon: 1 Samuel 20:5
and thou shalt: Among the forms of salutation and compliment used in Persia, one was, according to my mode of notation in italics, Ja i shama khali bud pish yaran, signifying, Thy place or seat was empty among thy friends. This phrase, or the greater part of it, was frequently addressed to myself when coming into a circle of Persian acquaintances, after an absence of several days or weeks. It reminded me of a passage in the First book of Samuel - 1 Samuel 20:18. And thou shalt be missed, because thy seat will be empty. And again, David's place was empty." Sir W. Ouseley's Travels, vol i. preface, p.16.
empty: Heb. missed
Reciprocal: Colossians 2:16 - the new
19.
And when thou hast stayed three days, then thou shalt go down quickly, and come to the place where thou didst hide thyself when the business was in hand, and shalt remain by the stone Ezel.
quickly: or, diligently, Heb. greatly
hide thyself: 1 Samuel 20:5, 1 Samuel 19:2
when the business: Heb. in the day of the business
Ezel: or, that sheweth the way.
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 20:35 - at the time
20.
And I will shoot three arrows on the side thereof, as though I shot at a mark.
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 20:36 - Run
21.
And, behold, I will send a lad, saying, Go, find out the arrows. If I expressly say unto the lad, Behold, the arrows are on this side of thee, take them; then come thou: for there is peace to thee, and no hurt; as the LORD liveth.
no: Heb. not any thing
as the: Jeremiah 4:2, Jeremiah 5:2, Jeremiah 12:16, Amos 8:14
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 20:36 - Run 1 Kings 1:29 - As the 1 Kings 17:12 - As the Lord Job 27:2 - God liveth
22.
But if I say thus unto the young man, Behold, the arrows are beyond thee; go thy way: for the LORD hath sent thee away.
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 20:36 - beyond him 1 Samuel 20:42 - Go in peace
23.
And as touching the matter which thou and I have spoken of, behold, the LORD be between thee and me for ever.
the matter: 1 Samuel 20:14, 1 Samuel 20:15
the Lord: 1 Samuel 20:42, Genesis 16:5, Genesis 31:50
Reciprocal: 2 Corinthians 9:1 - touching
24.
So David hid himself in the field: and when the new moon was come, the king sat him down to eat meat.
the king: Psalms 50:16-21, Proverbs 4:17, Proverbs 15:17, Proverbs 17:1, Proverbs 21:3, Proverbs 21:27, Isaiah 1:11-15, Zechariah 7:6, John 18:28
Reciprocal: Psalms 35:16 - hypocritical
25.
And the king sat upon his seat, as at other times, even upon a seat by the wall: and Jonathan arose, and Abner sat by Saul's side, and David's place was empty.
as at other times: Judges 16:20
26.
Nevertheless Saul spake not any thing that day: for he thought, Something hath befallen him, he is not clean; surely he is not clean.
he is not clean: Leviticus 7:21, Leviticus 11:24, Leviticus 11:27, Leviticus 11:31, Leviticus 11:40, Leviticus 15:5, Leviticus 15:16, Leviticus 15:17, Leviticus 15:19-21, Numbers 19:16
Reciprocal: Numbers 11:26 - went not out Ecclesiastes 10:13 - beginning Zephaniah 1:7 - bid
27.
And it came to pass on the morrow, which was the second day of the month, that David's place was empty: and Saul said unto Jonathan his son, Wherefore cometh not the son of Jesse to meat, neither yesterday, nor to day?
Wherefore: 1 Samuel 18:11, 1 Samuel 19:9, 1 Samuel 19:10, 1 Samuel 19:15
the son: 1 Samuel 22:7-9, 1 Samuel 22:13, 1 Samuel 22:14, 1 Samuel 25:10, Isaiah 11:1, Isaiah 11:2, Matthew 13:55, 1 Peter 2:4
Reciprocal: 2 Chronicles 10:16 - the son
28.
And Jonathan answered Saul, David earnestly asked leave of me to go to Bethlehem:
29.
And he said, Let me go, I pray thee; for our family hath a sacrifice in the city; and my brother, he hath commanded me to be there: and now, if I have found favour in thine eyes, let me get away, I pray thee, and see my brethren. Therefore he cometh not unto the king's table.
my brother: 1 Samuel 17:28
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 6:14 - offered 1 Samuel 16:2 - I am come Esther 8:5 - if I
30.
Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said unto him, Thou son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that thou hast chosen the son of Jesse to thine own confusion, and unto the confusion of thy mother's nakedness?
Saul's: Job 5:2, Proverbs 14:29, Proverbs 19:12, Proverbs 19:19, Proverbs 21:24, Proverbs 25:28, Proverbs 27:3, James 1:19, James 1:20
Thou: etc. or, Thou perverse rebel, Heb. Son of perverse rebellion, Proverbs 15:2, Proverbs 21:24, Matthew 5:22, Ephesians 4:31, Ephesians 6:4
and unto the: This reflection on the mother of Jonathan, by the passionate monarch, reflects more dishonour on himself than on his brave and noble minded son. Mungo Park gives an instance of the prevalence of the same principles in Africa; for he says, "Maternal affection is every where conspicuous among the Africans, and creates a correspondent return of tenderness in the child. Strike me,' said my attendant, but do not curse my mother.' I found the same sentiment to prevail universally in all parts of Africa." King Saul, unable to villify Jonathan to his own satisfaction by personal reproaches, outstepped the ordinary abuse of his day, and proceeded to that which was designed to produce unusual vexation, and vented the bitterness of his mind by maligning the character of his own wife and Jonathan's mother.
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 20:10 - answer thee 1 Samuel 22:7 - the son of Jesse 1 Samuel 22:8 - that my son 1 Samuel 24:20 - I know well 1 Samuel 25:10 - Who is David 1 Kings 12:13 - answered 2 Chronicles 10:16 - the son Psalms 120:6 - soul Psalms 124:3 - their wrath Proverbs 12:16 - fool's Proverbs 18:3 - General Daniel 3:13 - in his Matthew 1:6 - Jesse
31.
For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the ground, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom. Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he shall surely die.
send: 1 Samuel 20:8, 1 Samuel 19:6, 1 Samuel 19:11-15
shall surely die: Heb. is the son of death, 1 Samuel 26:16, 2 Samuel 19:28, Psalms 79:11, *marg.
Reciprocal: Genesis 2:17 - surely Genesis 23:2 - Kirjatharba 1 Samuel 14:39 - General 1 Samuel 18:8 - and what 1 Samuel 22:16 - Thou shalt 1 Samuel 23:17 - that also Saul 1 Samuel 24:20 - I know well 2 Samuel 12:5 - shall surely die 1 Kings 12:13 - answered 2 Chronicles 10:16 - the son Psalms 35:12 - spoiling Psalms 119:23 - Princes Proverbs 19:19 - man Proverbs 29:10 - The bloodthirsty Jonah 4:10 - came up in a night Matthew 1:6 - Jesse Matthew 27:23 - Why Luke 3:32 - was the son of Jesse
32.
And Jonathan answered Saul his father, and said unto him, Wherefore shall he be slain? what hath he done?
Wherefore: 1 Samuel 19:5, Proverbs 24:11, Proverbs 24:12, Proverbs 31:8, Proverbs 31:9, John 7:51
what hath: Matthew 27:23, Luke 23:22, cast, 1 Samuel 18:11, 1 Samuel 19:10, 1 Samuel 19:11, Proverbs 22:24, Ecclesiastes 9:3, Jeremiah 17:9, whereby, 1 Samuel 20:7, Ecclesiastes 7:9
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 19:4 - spake good 1 Samuel 22:14 - And who 1 Samuel 25:17 - that a man
33.
And Saul cast a javelin at him to smite him: whereby Jonathan knew that it was determined of his father to slay David.
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 18:11 - cast the javelin 1 Samuel 19:10 - he slipped 1 Samuel 22:6 - spear 1 Samuel 22:17 - slay the priests 1 Samuel 25:17 - evil Psalms 31:13 - while Psalms 56:5 - all
34.
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.
in fierce: Ecclesiastes 7:20, Ephesians 4:26
he was grieved: Mark 3:5
35.
And it came to pass in the morning, that Jonathan went out into the field at the time appointed with David, and a little lad with him.
at the time: 1 Samuel 20:19, 2 Samuel 20:5
36.
And he said unto his lad, Run, find out now the arrows which I shoot. And as the lad ran, he shot an arrow beyond him.
Run: 1 Samuel 20:20, 1 Samuel 20:21
beyond him: Heb. to pass over him, 1 Samuel 20:21, 1 Samuel 20:22
Reciprocal: 2 Samuel 1:18 - bow
37.
And when the lad was come to the place of the arrow which Jonathan had shot, Jonathan cried after the lad, and said, Is not the arrow beyond thee?
38.
And Jonathan cried after the lad, Make speed, haste, stay not. And Jonathan's lad gathered up the arrows, and came to his master.
Psalms 55:6-9, Proverbs 6:4, Proverbs 6:5, Matthew 24:16-18, Mark 13:14-16, Luke 17:31, Luke 17:32
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 9:27 - Bid the servant 1 Samuel 20:9 - then would 1 Samuel 23:26 - David made haste 2 Samuel 17:16 - but speedily Psalms 11:1 - how
39.
But the lad knew not any thing: only Jonathan and David knew the matter.
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 9:27 - Bid the servant
40.
And Jonathan gave his artillery unto his lad, and said unto him, Go, carry them to the city.
artillery: Heb. instruments, Rather weapons, as the word kelim also denotes; and here means the bow, quiver, and arrows. This is probably the only place in our language in which the word artillery is not applied to cannon or ordinance, but simply to weapons of war.
his lad: Heb. the lad that was his
41.
And as soon as the lad was gone, David arose out of a place toward the south, and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed himself three times: and they kissed one another, and wept one with another, until David exceeded.
and fell: 1 Samuel 25:23, Genesis 43:28, 2 Samuel 9:6
and they kissed: 1 Samuel 10:1, Genesis 29:11, Genesis 29:13, Genesis 45:15, 2 Samuel 19:39, Acts 20:37
David exceeded: 1 Samuel 18:3, 2 Samuel 1:26
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 24:8 - David stooped 2 Samuel 14:4 - fell on her 1 Kings 1:16 - bowed 1 Kings 18:7 - fell on Acts 20:1 - embraced Acts 21:1 - we were
42.
And Jonathan said to David, Go in peace, forasmuch as we have sworn both of us in the name of the LORD, saying, The LORD be between me and thee, and between my seed and thy seed for ever. And he arose and departed: and Jonathan went into the city.
Go in peace: 1 Samuel 20:22, 1 Samuel 1:17, Numbers 6:26, Luke 7:50, Acts 16:36
forasmuch as: or, the Lord be witness of that which, etc. 1 Samuel 20:23
And he arose: 1 Samuel 23:18, The separation of two such faithful friends was equally grievous to them both, but David's case was the more deplorable: for when Jonathan was returning to his family and friends, David was leaving all his comforts, even those of God's sanctuary, and therefore his grief exceeded Jonathan's; or, perhaps it was because his temper was more tender and his passions stronger. They referred each other to the covenant of friendship that was between them, both of them being comforted thereby in this very mournful separation - "We have sworn both of us in the name of the Lord, for ourselves and our heirs, that we and they will be faithful and kind to each other from generation to generation.
Reciprocal: Genesis 21:23 - swear 1 Samuel 18:3 - made a covenant 1 Samuel 20:9 - then would 1 Samuel 22:8 - that my son 1 Samuel 25:35 - Go up 2 Samuel 9:1 - show him 2 Samuel 14:11 - let the king 2 Samuel 21:7 - because Jeremiah 42:5 - The Lord be Mark 5:34 - go Acts 17:10 - the brethren Acts 20:1 - embraced Acts 21:1 - we were