1.
And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.
am 2265, bc 1739
it came: As there cannot be above 23 years from the selling of Joseph, unto Israel's going down into Egypt; and as it is impossible that Judah should take a wife, and by her have three sons successively, and Shelah, the youngest, marriageable when Judah begat Pharez of Tamar, and Pharez be grown up, married, and have two sons, all within so short a period; Mr. Ainsworth conceives that the time here spoken of is soon after Jacob's coming to Shechem - Genesis 33:1. We have accordingly adapted the chronology to correspond with that time.
turned: Genesis 19:2, Genesis 19:3, Judges 4:18, 2 Kings 4:8, Proverbs 9:6, Proverbs 13:20
Adullamite: An inhabitant of Adullam, a city of Canaan, afterwards given to Judah, situated in the southern part of that tribe, west of Hebron. Joshua 12:15, Joshua 15:35, 1 Samuel 22:1, 2 Samuel 23:13, Micah 1:15
Reciprocal: Genesis 29:35 - called Genesis 38:12 - Timnath Genesis 46:12 - Judah Numbers 26:19 - Er and Onan 2 Samuel 13:3 - a friend
2.
And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name was Shuah; and he took her, and went in unto her.
saw: Genesis 3:6, Genesis 6:2, Genesis 24:3, Genesis 34:2, Judges 14:2, Judges 16:1, 2 Samuel 11:2, 2 Corinthians 6:14
Shuah: Genesis 46:12, 1 Chronicles 2:3, Shua
took: Genesis 6:4, Genesis 24:3
3.
And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er.
am 2266, bc 1738
Er: Genesis 46:12, Numbers 26:19
4.
And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name Onan.
am 2267, bc 1737
Onan: Genesis 46:12, Numbers 26:19
5.
And she yet again conceived, and bare a son; and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him.
am 2268, bc 1736
Shelah: Genesis 38:11, Genesis 38:26, Genesis 46:12, Numbers 26:20, 1 Chronicles 4:21
Chezib: Chezib is said, by Eusebius and Jerome, to have been situated near Adullam, and to be then uninhabited.
Reciprocal: Joshua 15:44 - Achzib Joshua 19:29 - Achzib Nehemiah 11:5 - Shiloni
6.
And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar.
took: Genesis 21:21, Genesis 24:3
Tamar: Matthew 1:3
Reciprocal: Judges 14:2 - get her
7.
And Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD; and the LORD slew him.
Er: Genesis 46:12, Numbers 26:19
wicked: Genesis 6:8, Genesis 13:13, Genesis 19:13, 2 Chronicles 33:6
and the: 1 Chronicles 2:3, Psalms 55:23
Reciprocal: Judges 2:11 - did evil 2 Kings 14:24 - in the sight Job 36:14 - They die Psalms 51:4 - evil Ecclesiastes 7:17 - why Romans 5:13 - until
8.
And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother's wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother.
am 2282, bc 1722, Leviticus 18:16, Numbers 36:8, Numbers 36:9, Deuteronomy 25:5-10, Ruth 1:11, Ruth 4:5-11, Matthew 22:23-27
Reciprocal: Genesis 19:31 - to come Deuteronomy 25:9 - So shall Matthew 22:24 - Moses Mark 12:19 - If Luke 20:28 - General
9.
And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother's wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother.
he is, Deuteronomy 25:6, Ruth 1:11, Ruth 4:10
lest that: Job 5:2, Proverbs 27:4, Titus 3:3, James 3:14, James 3:16, James 4:5
Reciprocal: Genesis 19:31 - to come Deuteronomy 25:5 - husband's brother
10.
And the thing which he did displeased the LORD: wherefore he slew him also.
displeased: Heb. was evil in the eyes of, Numbers 11:1, Numbers 22:34, 2 Samuel 11:27, 1 Chronicles 21:7, Proverbs 14:32, Proverbs 24:18, Jeremiah 44:4, Haggai 1:13
him also: Genesis 46:12, Numbers 26:19
Reciprocal: Genesis 48:17 - displeased him Isaiah 59:15 - displeased him Romans 5:13 - until
11.
Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father's house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father's house.
till Shelah: Ruth 1:11, Ruth 1:13
in her: Leviticus 22:13
Reciprocal: Genesis 38:5 - Shelah Genesis 38:14 - that Shelah Exodus 21:9 - betrothed her unto Numbers 26:20 - Shelah Ezekiel 16:38 - as women Matthew 1:3 - Thamar Matthew 22:24 - Moses Luke 20:28 - General
12.
And in process of time the daughter of Shuah Judah's wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnath, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.
in process of time: Heb. the days were multiplied, comforted. Genesis 24:67, 2 Samuel 13:39, sheep shearers, Genesis 31:19, 1 Samuel 25:4-8, 1 Samuel 25:36, 2 Samuel 13:23-29
Timnath: Timnath is, in all probability, that in the border of Judah, between Jerusalem and Diospolis, given to Dan, and mentioned in the history of Samson as belonging to the Philistines. Genesis 38:1, Joshua 15:10, Joshua 15:35, Joshua 15:37, Timnah, Joshua 19:43, Thimnathah, Judges 14:1
Reciprocal: Genesis 38:14 - Timnath Joshua 15:57 - Timnah
13.
And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnath to shear his sheep.
Reciprocal: Genesis 38:14 - Timnath Joshua 15:10 - Timnah Judges 14:1 - Timnath 1 Samuel 25:2 - shearing 1 Samuel 25:4 - did shear 2 Samuel 13:23 - sheepshearers 1 Chronicles 2:4 - Tamar
14.
And she put her widow's garments off from her, and covered her with a vail, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnath; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife.
and sat: Proverbs 7:12, Jeremiah 3:2, Ezekiel 16:25
an open place: Heb. the door of eyes, or of Enajim, Some think ainayim means "the two fountains," or "double fountain;" while others regard it as a proper name, and the same as Enaim, a city of Judah - Joshua 15:34. So the LXX render it Enan.
Timnath: Genesis 38:12, Genesis 38:13
that Shelah: Genesis 38:11, Genesis 38:26
Reciprocal: Genesis 19:31 - to come Genesis 29:23 - brought her Genesis 38:19 - laid by her veil Genesis 38:21 - openly by the way side Numbers 26:20 - Shelah Judges 15:2 - I gave Job 24:15 - disguiseth his face Proverbs 7:10 - the attire
15.
When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.
Reciprocal: Genesis 29:23 - brought her Job 24:15 - disguiseth his face Proverbs 7:10 - the attire 1 Corinthians 6:16 - an harlot
16.
And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me?
Go to: 2 Samuel 13:11
What wilt: Deuteronomy 23:18, Ezekiel 16:33, Matthew 26:15, 1 Timothy 6:10
Reciprocal: Genesis 29:21 - go in Genesis 44:7 - General Leviticus 20:12 - lie Judges 16:1 - and went 2 Samuel 16:21 - Go in
17.
And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?
I will: Ezekiel 16:33
a kid: Heb. a kid of the goats
Wilt thou: Genesis 38:20, Genesis 38:24, Genesis 38:25, Proverbs 20:16, Luke 16:8
Reciprocal: Judges 15:1 - a kid
18.
And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.
Thy signet: Chothem, or chothemeth, as in Genesis 38:25, is properly a ring-seal, with which impressions were made to ascertain property, etc. From Jeremiah 22:24, we find that it was worn on the hand; though it might also have been suspended from the neck by a ribband, as the Arabs still wear it. Genesis 38:25-26; Jeremiah 22:24; Luke 15:22
bracelets: Pathil, from pathal, to twist, wreathe, may denote either a wreath for the arm or neck, a twisted collar, or bracelet. In the former sense the LXX render it by ןסליףךןם, and Aquila and Symmachus by ףפסונפןם; and in the latter sense, the Vulgate renders it by armillam. It may have been a collar by which the signet was suspended; though its being used in the plural seems to favour the opinion of its being a bracelet.
gave it her: Genesis 38:25, Genesis 38:26, Hosea 4:11
Reciprocal: Leviticus 18:15 - General Leviticus 20:12 - lie 2 Samuel 11:6 - Send me Isaiah 3:19 - the bracelets
19.
And she arose, and went away, and laid by her vail from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.
laid by her veil: Genesis 38:14, 2 Samuel 14:2, 2 Samuel 14:5
Reciprocal: Leviticus 18:15 - General
20.
And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he found her not.
his friend: Genesis 20:9, Leviticus 19:17, Judges 14:20, 2 Samuel 13:3, Luke 23:12
Reciprocal: Genesis 38:17 - Wilt thou
21.
Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place.
openly by the way side: or, in Enajim, Genesis 38:14
Reciprocal: Ezekiel 16:25 - at every
22.
And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place.
23.
And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.
lest we: 2 Samuel 12:9, Proverbs 6:33, Romans 6:21, 2 Corinthians 4:2, Ephesians 5:12, Revelation 16:15
be shamed: Heb. become a contempt
Reciprocal: Proverbs 5:9 - General
24.
And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.
played the harlot: Genesis 34:31, Judges 19:2, Ecclesiastes 7:26, Jeremiah 2:20, Jeremiah 3:1, Jeremiah 3:6, Jeremiah 3:8, Ezekiel 16:15, Ezekiel 16:28, Ezekiel 16:41, Ezekiel 23:5, Ezekiel 23:19, Ezekiel 23:44, Hosea 2:5, Hosea 3:3, Hosea 4:15
let her: Genesis 20:3, Genesis 20:7, Genesis 20:9, Leviticus 20:10, Leviticus 21:9, Deuteronomy 22:21-27, Deuteronomy 24:16, 2 Samuel 12:5, 2 Samuel 12:7, Jeremiah 29:22, Jeremiah 29:23, Matthew 7:1-5, Romans 2:1, Romans 2:2, Romans 14:22
Reciprocal: Genesis 38:17 - Wilt thou Genesis 46:12 - Judah Joshua 2:3 - Bring Joshua 7:25 - burned 1 Samuel 14:44 - thou shalt Job 31:11 - an iniquity Ezekiel 16:38 - as women Matthew 1:3 - Thamar Matthew 1:19 - a public 1 Corinthians 6:16 - an harlot
25.
When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff.
Discern: Genesis 38:18, Genesis 37:32, Psalms 50:21, Jeremiah 2:26, Romans 2:16, 1 Corinthians 4:5, Revelation 20:12
Reciprocal: Genesis 38:17 - Wilt thou Isaiah 3:19 - the bracelets
26.
And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.
acknowledged: Genesis 37:33
She hath: 1 Samuel 24:17, 2 Samuel 24:17, Ezekiel 16:52, Habakkuk 1:13, John 8:9, Romans 3:19
more righteous: Not less to blame, but more righteous, because. Genesis 38:14
And he knew: Genesis 4:1, 2 Samuel 16:22, 2 Samuel 20:3, Job 4:5, Job 34:31, Job 34:32, Job 40:5, Matthew 3:8, Romans 13:12, Titus 2:11, Titus 2:12, 1 Peter 4:2, 1 Peter 4:3
Reciprocal: Genesis 38:5 - Shelah Genesis 38:18 - Thy signet Leviticus 13:23 - General Leviticus 18:15 - General Numbers 26:20 - Shelah Luke 20:28 - General
27.
And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb.
Reciprocal: Numbers 26:20 - Pharez Matthew 1:3 - Judas
28.
And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first,
Reciprocal: Genesis 25:26 - And after
29.
And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez.
am 2283, bc 1721
How hast: etc. or, Wherefore hast thou made this breach against thee
his name: Genesis 46:12, Numbers 26:20, 1 Chronicles 2:4, 1 Chronicles 9:4, Nehemiah 11:4, Nehemiah 11:6, Perez, Matthew 1:3, Luke 3:33, Phares
Pharez: i.e. a breach.
Reciprocal: Ruth 4:12 - whom 1 Chronicles 4:1 - Pharez 1 Chronicles 27:3 - Perez
30.
And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zarah.
Zarah: 1 Chronicles 9:6, Zerah, Matthew 1:3, Zara
Reciprocal: Numbers 26:20 - Zerah Joshua 7:17 - General Nehemiah 11:24 - Zerah