1.
Now these are they that came to David to Ziklag, while he yet kept himself close because of Saul the son of Kish: and they were among the mighty men, helpers of the war.
these are: 1 Samuel 27:2, 1 Samuel 27:6, 2 Samuel 1:1, 2 Samuel 4:10
while he yet: etc. Heb. being yet shut up, Sometimes, in the East, when a successful prince endeavoured to extirpate the preceding royal family, some of them escaped the slaughter, and secured themselves in an impregnable fortress, or in a place of great secrecy; while others have been known to seek an asylum in a foreign county, from when they have occasioned, from time to time, great anxiety and great difficulties to the usurper of the crown. The expression shut up, so often applied to the extermination of eastern royal families - Deuteronomy 32:32. 1 Kings 14:10, 1 Kings 21:21. 2 Kings 9:8, 2 Kings 14:26, strictly speaking, refers to the two first of these cases; but the term may be used in a more extensive sense, for those who, by retiring into deserts, or foreign countries, preserve themselves from being slain by the men who usurp the dominions of their ancestors. Thus the term is here applied to David, though he did not shut himself up, strictly speaking, in Ziklag. It is described as a town in the country, and was probably an unwalled town; and it is certain that he did not confine himself to it, but, on the contrary, was continually making excursions from thence.
Saul: 1 Chronicles 8:33, 1 Chronicles 9:39
the mighty: 1 Chronicles 11:10, 1 Chronicles 11:19, 1 Chronicles 11:24, 1 Chronicles 11:25
Reciprocal: Genesis 49:8 - thy hand Joshua 15:31 - Ziklag 1 Samuel 30:26 - to his friends 2 Samuel 2:3 - his men 1 Chronicles 4:30 - Ziklag
2.
They were armed with bows, and could use both the right hand and the left in hurling stones and shooting arrows out of a bow, even of Saul's brethren of Benjamin.
could use: Judges 3:15, Judges 20:16
in hurling: 1 Samuel 17:49
Reciprocal: 2 Samuel 20:10 - in Joab's 1 Chronicles 8:40 - archers 1 Chronicles 12:16 - the children 1 Chronicles 12:29 - kindred
3.
The chief was Ahiezer, then Joash, the sons of Shemaah the Gibeathite; and Jeziel, and Pelet, the sons of Azmaveth; and Berachah, and Jehu the Antothite,
Shemaah: or, Hasmaah
Gibeathite: 1 Samuel 11:4, 2 Samuel 21:6
Azmaveth: 1 Chronicles 11:33
the Antothite: 1 Chronicles 11:28
4.
And Ismaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty; and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Josabad the Gederathite,
Gibeonite: Joshua 9:3, Joshua 9:17-23
a mighty man: 1 Chronicles 11:15
Gederathite: Joshua 15:36
5.
Eluzai, and Jerimoth, and Bealiah, and Shemariah, and Shephatiah the Haruphite,
6.
Elkanah, and Jesiah, and Azareel, and Joezer, and Jashobeam, the Korhites,
7.
And Joelah, and Zebadiah, the sons of Jeroham of Gedor.
8.
And of the Gadites there separated themselves unto David into the hold to the wilderness men of might, and men of war fit for the battle, that could handle shield and buckler, whose faces were like the faces of lions, and were as swift as the roes upon the mountains;
into the hold: 1 Chronicles 12:16, 1 Chronicles 11:16, 1 Samuel 23:14, 1 Samuel 23:29, 1 Samuel 24:22
of war: Heb. of the host
handle: 2 Chronicles 25:5, Jeremiah 46:9
whose faces: 1 Chronicles 11:22, 2 Samuel 1:23, 2 Samuel 17:10, 2 Samuel 23:20, Proverbs 28:1
as swift as the roes upon the mountains: Heb. as the roes upon the mountains to make haste, 2 Samuel 2:18, Proverbs 6:5, Song of Solomon 8:14
Reciprocal: Deuteronomy 33:20 - Blessed Ezekiel 1:10 - the face of a lion Ezekiel 38:4 - handling Revelation 9:17 - as the
9.
Ezer the first, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third,
10.
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
11.
Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh,
Reciprocal: 1 Chronicles 2:35 - Attai
12.
Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth,
13.
Jeremiah the tenth, Machbanai the eleventh.
14.
These were of the sons of Gad, captains of the host: one of the least was over an hundred, and the greatest over a thousand.
one of the least was over an hundred, and the greatest over a thousand: or, one that was least could resist an hundred, the greatest a thousand. Leviticus 26:8, Deuteronomy 32:30
Reciprocal: 1 Chronicles 13:1 - consulted
15.
These are they that went over Jordan in the first month, when it had overflown all his banks; and they put to flight all them of the valleys, both toward the east, and toward the west.
it had overflown: Heb. it had filled over, Joshua 3:15, Joshua 4:18, Jeremiah 12:5, Jeremiah 49:19
Reciprocal: Exodus 26:28 - reach
16.
And there came of the children of Benjamin and Judah to the hold unto David.
the children: 1 Chronicles 12:2
the hold: 1 Chronicles 12:8
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 22:4 - in the hold 2 Samuel 23:14 - an hold Psalms 68:27 - little
17.
And David went out to meet them, and answered and said unto them, If ye be come peaceably unto me to help me, mine heart shall be knit unto you: but if ye be come to betray me to mine enemies, seeing there is no wrong in mine hands, the God of our fathers look thereon, and rebuke it.
to meet them: Heb. before them
If ye be come: 1 Samuel 16:4, 2 Samuel 3:20-25, 1 Kings 2:13, 2 Kings 9:22, Psalms 12:1, Psalms 12:2
heart: 1 Samuel 18:1, 1 Samuel 18:3, 2 Kings 10:15, Psalms 86:11, 2 Corinthians 13:11, Philippians 1:27
knit: Heb. one, Jeremiah 32:39, Acts 4:32, 1 Corinthians 1:10
wrong: or, violence
God: Genesis 31:42, Genesis 31:53, 1 Samuel 24:11-17, 1 Samuel 26:23, 1 Samuel 26:24, Psalms 7:6, 1 Peter 2:23
rebuke it: Zechariah 3:2, Jude 1:9
Reciprocal: Joshua 5:13 - Art thou for us 1 Samuel 20:8 - why shouldest 1 Chronicles 12:38 - all the rest Matthew 5:9 - are Matthew 12:30 - that is Acts 5:30 - God Acts 22:14 - The God
18.
Then the spirit came upon Amasai, who was chief of the captains, and he said, Thine are we, David, and on thy side, thou son of Jesse: peace, peace be unto thee, and peace be to thine helpers; for thy God helpeth thee. Then David received them, and made them captains of the band.
the spirit: Judges 6:34, Judges 13:25, Isaiah 59:17
came upon Amasai: Heb. clothed Amasai, 1 Chronicles 2:17, 2 Samuel 17:25, 2 Samuel 19:13, 2 Samuel 20:4-8, Amasa, Thine are we. 2 Kings 10:5, and on they side, Ruth 1:16, 2 Samuel 15:21, 2 Kings 9:32, Matthew 12:30
peace: Galatians 6:16, Ephesians 6:23, Ephesians 6:24
thy God: 1 Samuel 25:28, 1 Samuel 25:29, 2 Samuel 5:2, Zechariah 8:23, John 6:67, John 6:68
captains of the band: 1 Samuel 8:12, 1 Samuel 22:7, 1 Kings 9:22
Reciprocal: Genesis 43:23 - Peace Joshua 5:13 - Art thou for us Judges 11:29 - the spirit Judges 19:20 - Peace be 1 Samuel 16:4 - Comest 1 Samuel 25:6 - Peace be both 1 Kings 2:13 - Comest 2 Kings 10:15 - Is thine heart right 1 Chronicles 12:38 - all the rest 2 Chronicles 24:20 - came upon 2 Chronicles 26:7 - God helped Psalms 54:4 - General Psalms 118:7 - taketh Psalms 122:7 - Peace Isaiah 41:10 - for I am thy God Daniel 4:1 - Peace 1 Corinthians 16:16 - helpeth 2 Corinthians 1:2 - General 2 Corinthians 8:5 - unto
19.
And there fell some of Manasseh to David, when he came with the Philistines against Saul to battle: but they helped them not: for the lords of the Philistines upon advisement sent him away, saying, He will fall to his master Saul to the jeopardy of our heads.
when he came: 1 Samuel 29:2-4
to the jeopardy of our heads: Heb. on our heads
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 29:4 - Make this fellow 2 Kings 7:4 - let us fall 2 Chronicles 15:9 - they fell Psalms 60:7 - Gilead
20.
As he went to Ziklag, there fell to him of Manasseh, Adnah, and Jozabad, and Jediael, and Michael, and Jozabad, and Elihu, and Zilthai, captains of the thousands that were of Manasseh.
As he went: These captains of Manasseh seem to have met David as he was returning from the army of the Philistines to Ziklag. It is probable that they did not bring their companies with them; yet they both assured him of future assistance, and very seasonably helped him against the Amalekites who had spoiled Ziklag. 1 Samuel 29:11
captains: Exodus 18:21, Deuteronomy 1:15, Deuteronomy 33:17
Reciprocal: Genesis 40:17 - bakemeats 1 Samuel 27:6 - Ziklag 1 Chronicles 12:21 - mighty men 1 Chronicles 13:1 - consulted
21.
And they helped David against the band of the rovers: for they were all mighty men of valour, and were captains in the host.
against the band: or, with a band, 1 Samuel 30:1-17
mighty men: 1 Chronicles 12:20, 1 Chronicles 5:24, 1 Chronicles 11:10, 1 Chronicles 11:21, 1 Chronicles 11:22
22.
For at that time day by day there came to David to help him, until it was a great host, like the host of God.
day by day: 2 Samuel 2:2-4, 2 Samuel 3:1, Job 17:9
like the host of God: That is, says the Targumist, a very numerous army, like the army of the angel of God. Genesis 32:2, Joshua 5:14, Psalms 148:2
Reciprocal: Deuteronomy 33:7 - let his hands 2 Chronicles 14:13 - his host
23.
And these are the numbers of the bands that were ready armed to the war, and came to David to Hebron, to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the word of the LORD.
am 2956, bc 1048, An, Ex, Is, 433
the numbers: 1 Chronicles 11:1-3, 2 Samuel 2:3, 2 Samuel 2:4, 2 Samuel 5:1-3
bands: or, captains, or men, Heb. heads
came to David: Some learned men understand this as relating to the time when David was make king over Judah, on his first coming to Hebron, but it seems wholly to refer to his being made king over all Israel, after the death of Ishbosheth; for there was no such union or assembly of the several tribes on the former occasion, as is here described.
to turn: 1 Chronicles 10:14
according: 1 Chronicles 11:10, 1 Samuel 16:1, 1 Samuel 16:3, 1 Samuel 16:12, 1 Samuel 16:13, 2 Samuel 3:18, Psalms 2:6, Psalms 89:19, Psalms 89:20
Reciprocal: Genesis 35:22 - Now the sons Exodus 1:1 - General Deuteronomy 17:15 - whom Joshua 10:36 - Hebron 2 Samuel 3:9 - as the Lord 2 Samuel 15:10 - Hebron
24.
The children of Judah that bare shield and spear were six thousand and eight hundred, ready armed to the war.
armed: or, prepared
25.
Of the children of Simeon, mighty men of valour for the war, seven thousand and one hundred.
Reciprocal: 1 Chronicles 9:15 - Mattaniah 1 Chronicles 9:16 - Obadiah
26.
Of the children of Levi four thousand and six hundred.
Reciprocal: 1 Chronicles 15:4 - the children of Aaron
27.
And Jehoiada was the leader of the Aaronites, and with him were three thousand and seven hundred;
the leader: 1 Chronicles 9:20, 2 Kings 11:4, 2 Kings 11:9, 2 Kings 25:18
Aaronites: 1 Chronicles 6:49-57, 1 Chronicles 27:17
Reciprocal: 1 Chronicles 24:3 - Zadok
28.
And Zadok, a young man mighty of valour, and of his father's house twenty and two captains.
Zadok: 1 Chronicles 6:8, 1 Chronicles 6:53, 2 Samuel 8:17, 1 Kings 1:8, 1 Kings 2:35, Ezekiel 44:15
Reciprocal: Joshua 10:36 - Hebron 1 Chronicles 6:48 - appointed 1 Chronicles 15:11 - Zadok 1 Chronicles 16:39 - Zadok 1 Chronicles 24:3 - Zadok 1 Chronicles 25:1 - the captains 1 Chronicles 26:6 - mighty men of valour 1 Chronicles 27:17 - of the Aaronites 2 Chronicles 26:17 - valiant men
29.
And of the children of Benjamin, the kindred of Saul, three thousand: for hitherto the greatest part of them had kept the ward of the house of Saul.
kindred: Heb. brethren, 1 Chronicles 12:2, Genesis 31:23
the greatest part of them: Heb. a multitude of them, 2 Samuel 2:8, 2 Samuel 2:9
Reciprocal: Joshua 17:11 - Manasseh 2 Samuel 3:19 - Benjamin Psalms 68:27 - little
30.
And of the children of Ephraim twenty thousand and eight hundred, mighty men of valour, famous throughout the house of their fathers.
famous: Heb. men of names, Genesis 6:4
Reciprocal: Numbers 16:2 - famous
31.
And of the half tribe of Manasseh eighteen thousand, which were expressed by name, to come and make David king.
the half tribe: Joshua 17:1-18
Reciprocal: Leviticus 24:16 - blasphemeth Numbers 32:33 - half the 1 Chronicles 16:41 - expressed
32.
And of the children of Issachar, which were men that had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do; the heads of them were two hundred; and all their brethren were at their commandment.
understanding of the times: That is, as the following words indicate, intelligent men, who understood the signs of the times, well versed in political affairs, and knew what was proper to be done in all the exigencies of human life; and who now perceived that it was both the duty and political interest of Israel to advance David to the throne. Genesis 49:14, Esther 1:13, Isaiah 22:12-14, Isaiah 33:6, Micah 6:9, Matthew 16:3, Luke 12:56, Luke 12:57
to know: Proverbs 14:8, Ephesians 5:17
all their: Proverbs 24:5, Ecclesiastes 7:19, Ecclesiastes 9:18
Reciprocal: Genesis 30:18 - and she Genesis 46:13 - Issachar Judges 5:15 - the princes 1 Chronicles 7:4 - General 1 Chronicles 13:1 - consulted Ezra 8:16 - men of understanding Ecclesiastes 8:5 - a wise Ecclesiastes 10:10 - wisdom
33.
Of Zebulun, such as went forth to battle, expert in war, with all instruments of war, fifty thousand, which could keep rank: they were not of double heart.
expert in war: or, rangers of battle, or ranged in battle, keep rank. or, set the battle in array. they were not of double heart. Heb. they were without a heart and a heart. That is, they were all sincerely affected towards David, though so numerous. Psalms 12:2, John 1:47
Reciprocal: 1 Chronicles 12:36 - expert in war 1 Chronicles 12:38 - with a perfect heart Hebrews 10:22 - a true
34.
And of Naphtali a thousand captains, and with them with shield and spear thirty and seven thousand.
Reciprocal: Genesis 46:24 - Naphtali
35.
And of the Danites expert in war twenty and eight thousand and six hundred.
Reciprocal: Genesis 46:23 - Dan Genesis 49:17 - shall be Deuteronomy 33:22 - General 1 Chronicles 9:15 - Zichri
36.
And of Asher, such as went forth to battle, expert in war, forty thousand.
expert in war: or, keeping their rank, 1 Chronicles 12:33, Joel 2:7
37.
And on the other side of Jordan, of the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and of the half tribe of Manasseh, with all manner of instruments of war for the battle, an hundred and twenty thousand.
the other side: 1 Chronicles 5:1-10, Numbers 32:33-42, Deuteronomy 3:12-16, Joshua 13:7-32, Joshua 14:3, Joshua 22:1-10
Reciprocal: Deuteronomy 33:20 - Blessed 1 Chronicles 5:18 - Reuben 1 Chronicles 26:32 - Reubenites Psalms 60:7 - Gilead
38.
All these men of war, that could keep rank, came with a perfect heart to Hebron, to make David king over all Israel: and all the rest also of Israel were of one heart to make David king.
with a perfect heart: The meaning of this expression may be inferred from that of a double heart in 1 Chronicles 12:33. If a double heart be expressive of insincerity or duplicity, a perfect heart, which seems to be put in opposition to it, must signify a sincere, faithful, and entire attachment. 1 Kings 8:61, 1 Kings 11:4, 2 Kings 20:3, Psalms 101:2
all the rest: 1 Chronicles 12:17, 1 Chronicles 12:18, Genesis 49:8-10, 2 Chronicles 30:12, Psalms 110:3, Ezekiel 11:19
Reciprocal: Deuteronomy 33:20 - Blessed 1 Samuel 11:14 - renew 2 Samuel 3:12 - my hand 2 Samuel 15:10 - Hebron 1 Kings 1:40 - rejoiced 1 Kings 4:1 - over all Israel 1 Chronicles 11:10 - to make 1 Chronicles 18:14 - David 2 Chronicles 10:1 - all Psalms 141:6 - they shall hear Proverbs 18:24 - that hath
39.
And there they were with David three days, eating and drinking: for their brethren had prepared for them.
eating and drinking: Genesis 26:30, Genesis 31:54, 2 Samuel 6:19, 2 Samuel 19:42
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 11:14 - renew 1 Kings 4:20 - eating
40.
Moreover they that were nigh them, even unto Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali, brought bread on asses, and on camels, and on mules, and on oxen, and meat, meal, cakes of figs, and bunches of raisins, and wine, and oil, and oxen, and sheep abundantly: for there was joy in Israel.
brought: The Septuagint reads וצוסןם בץפיןע, "brought (to) them" which is probably correct; the Hebrew lahem, "to them" might be easily mistaken for lechem, "bread." The passage will then read, "bought them on asses, on camels, and on mules, and on oxen, meat, meal, cakes of figs," etc., which renders the introduction of and unnecessary. From the mention of oil, figs, and raisins, Mr. Harmer thinks that this assembly was held in autumn. 2 Samuel 16:1, 2 Samuel 17:27-29
meat, meal: or, victual of meal
cakes of figs: 1 Samuel 25:18
there was joy: 1 Kings 1:40, 2 Kings 11:20, Proverbs 11:10, Proverbs 29:2, Jeremiah 23:5, Jeremiah 23:6, Luke 19:37-38, Revelation 19:5-7
Reciprocal: 2 Kings 11:14 - all the people 2 Chronicles 23:13 - all the people